php+灰度处理,灰度处理&算法优化

灰度处理作为图片处理的基础，也拥有很多实现的方法，介绍如下四种常用的方法，

方法一：

在imread读取时直接修改图片类型参数import cv2

img0 = cv2.imread('image0.jpg',0)

img1 = cv2.imread('image0.jpg',1)

print(img0.shape)

print(img1.shape)

cv2.imshow('src',img0)

cv2.waitKey(0)

方法二：

使用cv2.cvtColor()函数import cv2

img = cv2.imread('image0.jpg',1)

dst = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) # 颜色空间转换(图片data,颜色转换方式BGR gray)

cv2.imshow('dst',dst)

cv2.waitKey(0)

方法三：

用RGB三个值相加除以三import cv2

import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('image0.jpg',1)

imgInfo = img.shape

height = imgInfo[0]

width = imgInfo[1]

# RGB R=G=B = gray (R+G+B)/3

dst = np.zeros((height,width,3),np.uint8)

for i in range(0,height):

for j in range(0,width):

(b,g,r) = img[i,j] # 获取每个点的rgb值

gray = (int(b)+int(g)+int(r))/3 # 灰度均值计算 转型防止计算越界

dst[i,j] = np.uint8(gray)

cv2.imshow('dst',dst)

cv2.waitKey(0)

方法四：

利用心理学算法，将RGB每一个值乘上一个值，gray = r 0.299 + g 0.587 + b * 0.114import cv2

import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('image0.jpg',1)

imgInfo = img.shape

height = imgInfo[0]

width = imgInfo[1]

dst = np.zeros((height,width,3),np.uint8)

for i in range(0,height):

for j in range(0,width):

(b,g,r) = img[i,j]

b = int(b)

g = int(g)

r = int(r)

gray = r * 0.299 + g * 0.587 + b * 0.114

dst[i,j] = np.uint8(gray)

cv2.imshow('dst',dst)

cv2.waitKey(0)

在计算机运算中灰度图像很耗时，所以就有必要进行算法的优化

利用定点运算比浮点运算快；移位运算快于加减运算快于乘除运算的原则优化import cv2

import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('image0.jpg',1)

imgInfo = img.shape

height = imgInfo[0]

width = imgInfo[1]

dst = np.zeros((height,width,3),np.uint8)

for i in range(0,height):

for j in range(0,width):

(b,g,r) = img[i,j]

b = int(b)

g = int(g)

r = int(r)

#

#gray = (r * 1 + g * 2 + b * 1)/4

gray = (r + (g << 1) + b ) >> 2

dst[i,j] = np.uint8(gray)

cv2.imshow('dst',dst)

cv2.waitKey(0)