本科毕业论文
基于PXE无人值守安装Linux系统的设计与实现
学 院: 计算机与信息工程学院
专 业: 计算机科学与技术
学 号: 111013479
姓 名: 文鹏宇
指导教师: 张杰
职 称: 副教授
论文提交日期:二0一五年六月
摘 要
PXE,就是预启动执行环境,是一种引导启动的方式。这种协议一般有两部分,一个是服务器一个是客户端。通俗的说,我们通过这种方法可以自己创建一个安装源,装系统的时候只要找到这个源我们就可以安装了。在实现无人值守安装之前,一些服务是需要搭建起来的,如nfs,tftp,dhcp等。当一台计算机启动的时候,标准输入输出会将PXE 客户端调入我们的内存去进行相关操作,并提示出相关选项,在这我们可以进行勾选,PXE的客户端通过网络download启动文件到本地运行。其实并不是所有电脑都支持PXE,过去的电脑网卡都不支持PXE的,不过现在绝大多数电脑都支持了。具体过程是PXE客户端通过网卡向局域网内发送IP请求,然后DHCP服务器会给其提供IP地址和系统安装所需的东西,接下来用接到的文件进行系统安装。这个步奏可能会用到若干台服务器来分享所需文件等。最终实验会达到效果会是:任意一台主机在选择网络启动时会获取DHCP服务器分发的ip,并通过tftp来获取启动文件安装,并按照我们的个性化设计进行装机,之后将不用进行任何操作,以实现PXE的无人值守安装。
这种装系统的方法可以不受光驱,光盘及一些外设的限制,还可以做到无人值守安装,这样可以节约大量人力物力,特别是大规模的统一的系统安装,如网吧,学校电脑机房等,这是最好的安装方法。
关键词: PXE 协议 系统安装
Abstract
PXE, the pre-boot execution environment is a way to start the boot. Such agreements generally have two parts, one is a client the another is server. It can discribe like that, in this way we can create an installation source by ourself, we can install the system onece we find the source . Before you implement unattended installation, some services should be build up, such as nfs, tftp, dhcp, etc. When a computer is started, the Bios will take PXE client transferred to our memory related operations, and prompt the relevant options, in which we canselect, PXE clients via network boot file to download running locally. In fact, not all computers can support PXE, old computer network cards do not support PXE, but now majority of computers are now supported. The specific process is PXE client sends a request to the LAN via IP network card, then DHCP server will provide IP address and system installation stuff, subsequently received the file system installation. This step-outs may use several servers to share the required documents. Final test will achieve the desired effect would be: any host boot with network will get DHCP server·ip, and to get through tftp startup file to install and follow our pers