导读
前面使用的命令,有几个用到了参数如ls -l, head -n 6等,需要注意的是命令跟参数之间要有空格。
获取可用命令行参数
终端运行man ls可以查看ls所有可用的参数,上下箭头翻页,按q退出查看。(man: manual, 手册)
ct@ehbio:~/data$ man ls
NAME
ls - list directory contents
SYNOPSIS
ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
DESCRIPTION
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all
do not ignore entries starting with .
-A, --almost-all
do not list implied . and ..
--author
with -l, print the author of each file
-b, --escape
print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters
....
文件上下翻转和左右翻转
两个有意思的命令,tac: 文件翻转,第一行变为最后一行,第二行变为倒数第二行;rev每列反转,第一个字符变为最后一个字符,第二个字符变为倒数第二个字符。
ct@ehbio:~/data$ cat < first
> second
> third
> END
third
second
first
ct@ehbio:~/data$ cat < abcde
> xyz
> END
edcba
zyx