bmp文件c语言压缩算法,BMP文件数据压缩与解压缩方法.pdf

BMP文件数据压缩与解压缩方法

20 1 Vol. 20 No. 1

2 0 0 0 3 JOURNAL OF FU SHUN PET ROLEU M INST IT UTE Mar. 2000

: 1005- 3883(2000) 01- 00 7- 03

BMP

祖秉复

( , 113001)

: 以RLE 方法为基础, 针对BMP( Bitmap/ 位图) 文件的特点, 设计了独特的 YSBMP4 和

YSBMP8 无失真压缩方法, 以及UNYSBMP4 和UNYSBMP8 解压缩方法, 并通过实 进行了说明对

Windows 下的1 色和25 色模式BMP 文件进行压缩, 数据压缩比最多可以达到8/ 100 左右, 达到图像无

损恢复的目的

: BM P; 数据压缩; 图象处理; 编码

: TP274 : A

BMP w indows 14

, BMP ( 2) ( Bitmap Info Header)

, ,

BMP , , 14

RLE ( Run Length Encoding/ ) ( 3) ( Color M ap)

,

, , biBitcount( )

RLE , , 148 24

BMP RLE : biBitcount= 8, entry

, BMP 1 25 entry

25 ( YSBMP4 RGB , 4 ,

YSBMP8) , ( UNYSBMP4 : 2bitBitcount* 4( )

UNYSBMP8) (4) ( Image Data)

1 BMP 文件格式 bfoffbits ,

bsizeImage , BMP

BMP , Window s , BMP

, BMP 4 , BMP

: ,

( 1) ( File Header) , BMP

BMP , BMP , 4

, 4 , ,

SDK Vol. 2 ( M icrosoft Window s Softw are

: 1999- 11- 25 Development Kit Volume 2)

:祖秉复( 1942- ) , 男, 河北省抚宁县, 讲师 2 , 0

8 20

000 A94 5 00 A94 5 ( 00

2 图形数据的压缩编码 )

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哈夫曼编码是一种无损的数据压缩算法,通常用于图像、音频、视频等大数据的压缩。下面是一个基于哈夫曼编码的图像压缩的C语言代码示例: ``` #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define MAX_TREE_HT 100 // 哈夫曼树节点结构体 struct MinHeapNode { char data; unsigned freq; struct MinHeapNode *left, *right; }; // 哈夫曼树结构体 struct MinHeap { unsigned size; unsigned capacity; struct MinHeapNode** array; }; // 创建哈夫曼树节点 struct MinHeapNode* newNode(char data, unsigned freq) { struct MinHeapNode* temp = (struct MinHeapNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct MinHeapNode)); temp->left = temp->right = NULL; temp->data = data; temp->freq = freq; return temp; } // 创建哈夫曼树 struct MinHeap* createMinHeap(unsigned capacity) { struct MinHeap* minHeap = (struct MinHeap*)malloc(sizeof(struct MinHeap)); minHeap->size = 0; minHeap->capacity = capacity; minHeap->array = (struct MinHeapNode**)malloc(minHeap->capacity * sizeof(struct MinHeapNode*)); return minHeap; } // 交换两个节点 void swapMinHeapNode(struct MinHeapNode** a, struct MinHeapNode** b) { struct MinHeapNode* t = *a; *a = *b; *b = t; } // 使最小堆保持最小堆性质 void minHeapify(struct MinHeap* minHeap, int idx) { int smallest = idx; int left = 2 * idx + 1; int right = 2 * idx + 2; if (left < minHeap->size && minHeap->array[left]->freq < minHeap->array[smallest]->freq) { smallest = left; } if (right < minHeap->size && minHeap->array[right]->freq < minHeap->array[smallest]->freq) { smallest = right; } if (smallest != idx) { swapMinHeapNode(&minHeap->array[smallest], &minHeap->array[idx]); minHeapify(minHeap, smallest); } } // 判断堆是否只有一个元素 int isSizeOne(struct MinHeap* minHeap) { return (minHeap->size == 1); } // 取出最小频率的节点 struct MinHeapNode* extractMin(struct MinHeap* minHeap) { struct MinHeapNode* temp = minHeap->array[0]; minHeap->array[0] = minHeap->array[minHeap->size - 1]; --minHeap->size; minHeapify(minHeap, 0); return temp; } // 插入节点到最小堆中 void insertMinHeap(struct MinHeap* minHeap, struct MinHeapNode* minHeapNode) { ++minHeap->size; int i = minHeap->size - 1; while (i && minHeapNode->freq < minHeap->array[(i - 1) / 2]->freq) { minHeap->array[i] = minHeap->array[(i - 1) / 2]; i = (i - 1) / 2; } minHeap->array[i] = minHeapNode; } // 判断节点是否是叶子节点 int isLeaf(struct MinHeapNode* root) { return !(root->left) && !(root->right); } // 创建并构建哈夫曼树 struct MinHeapNode* buildHuffmanTree(char data[], int freq[], int size) { struct MinHeapNode *left, *right, *top; struct MinHeap* minHeap = createMinHeap(size); for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { insertMinHeap(minHeap, newNode(data[i], freq[i])); } while (!isSizeOne(minHeap)) { left = extractMin(minHeap); right = extractMin(minHeap); top = newNode('$', left->freq + right->freq); top->left = left; top->right = right; insertMinHeap(minHeap, top); } return extractMin(minHeap); } // 构建哈夫曼编码表 void buildHuffmanCodes(struct MinHeapNode* root, int arr[], int top) { if (root->left) { arr[top] = 0; buildHuffmanCodes(root->left, arr, top + 1); } if (root->right) { arr[top] = 1; buildHuffmanCodes(root->right, arr, top + 1); } if (isLeaf(root)) { printf("%c: ", root->data); for (int i = 0; i < top; ++i) { printf("%d", arr[i]); } printf("\n"); } } // 使用哈夫曼编码压缩图像 void compressImage(char* inputFileName, char* outputFileName) { FILE* inputFile = fopen(inputFileName, "r"); FILE* outputFile = fopen(outputFileName, "w"); char c; int freq[256] = {0}; while ((c = fgetc(inputFile)) != EOF) { freq[(int)c]++; } struct MinHeapNode* root = buildHuffmanTree((char*)freq, freq, 256); int arr[MAX_TREE_HT], top = 0; buildHuffmanCodes(root, arr, top); rewind(inputFile); char buffer = 0; int pos = 7; while ((c = fgetc(inputFile)) != EOF) { int* code = (int*)malloc(MAX_TREE_HT * sizeof(int)); buildHuffmanCodes(root, code, 0); int i = 0; while (code[i] != -1) { buffer |= (code[i++] << pos); pos--; if (pos < 0) { fputc(buffer, outputFile); buffer = 0; pos = 7; } } free(code); } if (pos != 7) { fputc(buffer, outputFile); } fclose(inputFile); fclose(outputFile); } int main() { compressImage("input.bmp", "output.bmp"); return 0; } ``` 以上代码实现了图像的哈夫曼编码压缩,可以尝试自己编写解压缩代码以还原图像。

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