linux grep工具,Linux内容处理 --- grep工具

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本文索引

grep基本用法

正则

扩展正则 grep -E

实用grep实例

grep基本用法

grep [-cinvABC] 'word' filename

centos7.x版本的grep实则为grep --color=auto

-c 显示匹配到的行数

[root@localhost ~]# cp /etc/passwd /tmp

[root@localhost ~]# cd /tmp

[root@localhost tmp]#

[root@centos7 tmp]# grep -c 'root' passwd

2

-i 忽略大小写

[root@centos7 tmp]# grep -i castiel passwd

castiel:x:1000:1000::/home/castiel:/bin/bash

Castiel:X:1000:1000::/home/castiel:/bin/bash

-n 显示匹配行的同时显示行号

[root@centos7 tmp]# grep -n 'root' passwd

1:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

10:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

-v 对匹配信息取反

[root@centos7 tmp]# grep -iv castiel passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

.....

-r 递归匹配过滤(对目录进行操作)

[root@centos7 tmp]# grep -r 'root' /etc

/etc/pki/ca-trust/ca-legacy.conf:# The upstream Mozilla.org project tests all changes to the root CA

/etc/pki/ca-trust/ca-legacy.conf:# to temporarily keep certain (legacy) root CA certificates trusted,

/etc/pki/ca-trust/ca-legacy.conf:# It may keep root CA certificate as trusted, which the upstream

/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/README:root CA certificates.

/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/README:root CA certificates.

匹配到二进制文件 /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/cacerts

/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/README:root CA certificates.

/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/ca-bundle.trust.crt:# Comodo AAA Services root

/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/ca-bundle.trust.crt:# Comodo Secure Services root

/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/ca-bundle.trust.crt:# Comodo Trusted Services root

-An(after) 显示匹配行及其后n行

[root@centos7 tmp]# grep -A2 'root' passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

--

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

-Bn(before) 显示匹配行及其前n行

[root@centos7 tmp]# grep -B2 'root' passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

--

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

-Cn 显示匹配行及其前后n行

[root@centos7 tmp]# grep -C2 'root' passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

--

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

正则

# 测试内容

[root@localhost ~]# cat test.txt

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

111111111111111111111111111111

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

#abcskhd

数字 [0-9]

[root@localhost ~]# grep '[0-9]' test.txt

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

111111111111111111111111111111

字母 [a-zA-Z]

[root@localhost ~]# grep '[a-zA-Z]' test.txt

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

#abcskhd

取反 [^] (在方括号内才表示取反)

[root@localhost ~]# grep '[^a-zA-Z]' test.txt

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

111111111111111111111111111111

#abcskhd

开头 ^

[root@localhost ~]# grep '^#' test.txt

#abcskhd

结尾 $

[root@localhost ~]# grep 'in$' test.txt

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

匹配任意1个字符 .

[root@localhost ~]# grep 'b.n' test.txt

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

匹配0或多个之前的一个字符 *

[root@localhost ~]# grep 'a*m' test.txt

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

扩展正则(grep -E 或 egrep)

匹配1或多个之前的一个字符 +

[root@localhost ~]# grep -E 'ro+t' test.txt

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

匹配花括号之前那个字符的个数 {n} 或 {n, m}

[root@localhost ~]# grep -E 'o{2}' test.txt

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

[root@localhost ~]# grep -E 'o{1,2}' test.txt

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

匹配0或1个之前的字符 ?

# 匹配0或1个字符o

[root@localhost ~]# grep -E 'oo?' test.txt

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

匹配其中之一个表达式：|

[root@localhost ~]# grep -E '111|aaa' test.txt

111111111111111111111111111111

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

实用grep实例

过滤注释行 grep -v '^#'

过滤空行 grep -v '^$'

过滤手机号 grep -E '+86-[0-9]{11}'

[root@centos7 tmp]# echo "+86-15301203401" | grep -E '+86-[0-9]{11}'

+86-15301203401

过滤邮箱 grep -E '\.\*@\.\*\.\.\*'

[root@centos7 tmp]# echo "12ab3#@123@qq.com" | grep -E '.*@.*\..*'

12ab3#@123@qq.com

[root@centos7 tmp]# echo "12323@163.com" | grep -E '.*@.*\..*'

12323@163.com

过滤出/etc目录下，包含root字符的所有的.conf文件内的行！--include

[root@centos7 tmp]# grep -r --include="*.conf" 'root' /etc

/etc/pki/ca-trust/ca-legacy.conf:# The upstream Mozilla.org project tests all changes to the root CA

/etc/pki/ca-trust/ca-legacy.conf:# to temporarily keep certain (legacy) root CA certificates trusted,

/etc/pki/ca-trust/ca-legacy.conf:# It may keep root CA certificate as trusted, which the upstream

/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/fastestmirror.conf:# as root).

/etc/selinux/semanage.conf:ignoredirs=/root

/etc/dbus-1/system.d/teamd.conf:/etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.hostname1.conf: /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.import1.conf: /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.locale1.conf: ......

扩展正则 ( ) 的应用

[root@localhost ~]# grep -E 'a(e|d)m' test.txt

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin