matlab当串口缓冲区满时读数据,MATLAB GUI设计之读取串口数据并计算绘图

在操作某些模块的时候，模块会返回数据到串口，我们通过读取串口的数据，分析模块的运行情况是比较常见的方法。而matlab也有读取串口数据的能力，并加上其强大的绘图能力，可以让数据更为直观的可视化，便于用户更加了解这个模块的运行情况，方便调试。

我画的大概就是这个样子：

这里仅仅设计五个功能，打开串口读取数据、数据可视化、清除图像、关闭窗口、程序运行进度条。

代码如下：

function varargout = shoudongshuju11_10(varargin)

gui_Singleton = 1;

gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...

'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...

'gui_OpeningFcn', @shoudongshuju11_10_OpeningFcn, ...

'gui_OutputFcn', @shoudongshuju11_10_OutputFcn, ...

'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...

'gui_Callback', []);

if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})

gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});

end

if nargout

[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});

else

gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});

end

% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

% --- Executes just before shoudongshuju11_10 is made visible.

function shoudongshuju11_10_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)

% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.

% hObject handle to figure

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% varargin command line arguments to shoudongshuju11_10 (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for shoudongshuju11_10

handles.output = hObject;

% Update handles structure

guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes shoudongshuju11_10 wait for user response (see UIRESUME)

% uiwait(handles.figure1);

% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.

function varargout = shoudongshuju11_10_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);

% hObject handle to figure

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure

varargout{1} = handles.output;

% --- Executes on button press in openchuankou.

function openchuankou_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject handle to openchuankou (see GCBO)

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

delete(instrfindall);

global zuobiao

global result

delta = 0;

s1 = serial('COM3','Parity','none','BaudRate',115200,'DataBits',8,'StopBits',1,'InputBufferSize',500);%定义串口

h=1;

for i=1:100

k=1;

fopen(s1);

out = fread(s1,500);%读取的串口数据

fclose(s1);

fid = fopen('shuju.bin','w');

fwrite(fid,out,'uint8');

fclose(fid);

fid = fopen('shuju.bin','rb');

A = fread(fid,500);

fclose(fid);

%找到正确数据的位置

m=1;

while(A(m)~=0||A(m+1)~=0||A(m+3)~=0||A(m+5)~=0||A(m+7)~=0)

m = m+1;

if(m+7>500)

break;

end

end

%把每个轴的转化为十进制

k = 1;

while((length(A)-m)>=6)

zuobiao(k,1) = bitand((A(m+1)*16+A(m+2)),4095); %取后三位求加速度值，第一位为0，F表示方向，bitand是与操作，直接和0xFFF(4095)与操作，直接得出值

zuobiao(k,2) = bitand((A(m+3)*16+A(m+4)),4095);

zuobiao(k,3) = bitand((A(m+5)*16+A(m+6)),4095);

m = m+7;

k = k+1;

end

%计算每个点的合加速度

for l = 1:length(zuobiao(:,1))

result(l) = zuobiao(l,1)^2 +zuobiao(l,2)^2+ zuobiao(l,3)^2;

end

% %计算不符合要求的数据点

% % B = find(delta<33.0150|delta>514.6777);

%符合要求的数据点的个数

result_old = delta;

delta = length(result) - length(find(result< 5.3925e+04|result>3.2494e+07));

axes(handles.plot);

a = [h,h+1];

b = [result_old,delta];

plot(a,b);

hold on;

set(handles.edit1,'string',['程序进行中：',num2str(h),'%']);

h = h+1;

end

% --- Executes on button press in close.

function close_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject handle to close (see GCBO)

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

close;

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.

function plot_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject handle to plot (see GCBO)

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: place code in OpeningFcn to populate plot

% --- Executes on button press in clear_plot.

function clear_plot_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject handle to clear_plot (see GCBO)

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

axes(handles.plot);

hg = get(gca,'children');

delete(hg);

function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text

% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit1 as a double

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.

function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.

% See ISPC and COMPUTER.

if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))

set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');

end

几个关键点的说明：

Point 1：

delete(instrfindall);

在打开串口的时候，使用这条语句可避免一些不必要的错误，如找不到某个串口。写在打开串口控件的callback最前面。

Point 2：

s1 = serial('COM3','Parity','none','BaudRate',115200,'DataBits',8,'StopBits',1,'InputBufferSize',500);%定义串口

fopen(s1);

out = fread(s1,500);%读取的串口数据

fclose(s1);

这里的串口读取是当检测到InputBufferSize缓冲区满的时候，通过fread把数据读出来，并将缓冲区清空以供下一组的数据接收。数据传递我用了一个文档。数据传递这样其实并不好，我目前仅会此一种。

Point 3：

axes(handles.plot);

先声明这条语句，值得是你接下来的图将画在哪个中，这里我只有一个图，这 这条语句在哪里都没关系，如果图比较多的时候，他的位置就很重要了。handles.plot是这个图的句柄。

Point 4：

a = [h,h+1];

b = [result_old,delta];

plot(a,b);

hold on;

这里有一个图形的动态显示，就是来一个点就把这个点画在后面，实现动态显示的功能。其大致操作为：用一组点存储前一个数据点，当新来一个数据点的话，就用plot函数在这两个点之间画一条直线，然后hold on 。

Point 5：

set(handles.edit1,'string',['程序进行中：',num2str(h),'%']);

动态文本框显示程序的进行程度，用这条语句即可，h可能是你循环的变量。

Point 6：

axes(handles.plot);

hg = get(gca,'children');

delete(hg);

清除这个句柄中的图像。

Point 7：

close;

关闭窗口，我直接用了一个close即可。

Point 8：

静态文本框中的内容不用设置回调，直接输入你想显示的内容就行。