ecology, biogeography, and conservation biology, and parallel problems arise in
many other disciplines. This research topic has been extensively discussed in
the literature; see Bunge and Fitzpatrick (1993), Seber (1982, 1986, 1992) for
a review of the historical and theoretical development. In a subsequent paper,
Bunge, Fitzpatrick and Handley (1995) also compared three principal frequentist
procedures using simulation results. Ecologists and other biologists have long
recognized that there are undiscovered species in almost every survey or species
inventory
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Very often, comparison of two communities is required in ecological applications and environmental policy decisions. The two communities could be candidate sites for conservation or restoration, or areas at different latitudes or elevation above sea level (Colwell (1973), Colwell and Coddington (1994), Feinsinger(1976), Karr, Robinson, Blanke and Bierregaard (1990)), or could represent the
same area at two different times, e.g., before and after pollution (Grassle and
Smith (1976)). We were motivated by the bird data collected in two estuaries
in Taiwan. These two river estuaries (Ke-Yar River and Chung-Kang River)