linux 静态查日志,Nginx配置：访问日志，日志切割，静态文件不记录日志和过期时间...

一、访问日志

1、查看Nginx日志格式

[root@zhulinux-02 ~]# grep -A2 log_format /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'

' $host "$request_uri" $status'

' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';

也可以使用vim打开nginx配置文件，搜索关键字log_format。

变量说明：

combined_realip为日志格式名字，可以改为其他的，后面可以调用它。

2、虚拟主机指定访问日志路径

[root@zhulinux-02 ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# ls

linuxtest.conf moved.conf zlinux.conf

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# vim linuxtest.conf

server

{

listen 80;

server_name linuxtest.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data/wwwroot/linuxtest;

location /

{

auth_basic "Auth";

auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;

}

access_log /tmp/linuxtest.log combined_realip;

}

#使用access_log指定日志存储路径和使用的日志格式名字

3、测试

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 linuxtest.com/ -I

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized

Server: nginx/1.12.2

Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 07:08:32 GMT

Content-Type: text/html

Content-Length: 195

Connection: keep-alive

WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="Auth"

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -u zlinux:123456 linuxtest.com/ -I

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Server: nginx/1.12.2

Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 07:08:53 GMT

Content-Type: text/html

Content-Length: 31

Last-Modified: Tue, 13 Mar 2018 07:33:35 GMT

Connection: keep-alive

ETag: "5aa77ecf-1f"

Accept-Ranges: bytes

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -u zlinux:123456 linuxtest.com/ -I

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Server: nginx/1.12.2

Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 07:09:00 GMT

Content-Type: text/html

Content-Length: 31

Last-Modified: Tue, 13 Mar 2018 07:33:35 GMT

Connection: keep-alive

ETag: "5aa77ecf-1f"

Accept-Ranges: bytes

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# ls /tmp/linuxtest.log

/tmp/linuxtest.log

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# cat /tmp/linuxtest.log

127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:15:08:32 +0800] linuxtest.com "/" 401 "-" "curl/7.29.0"

127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:15:08:53 +0800] linuxtest.com "/" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"

127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:15:09:00 +0800] linuxtest.com "/" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"

二、访问日志切割

Nginx不自带日志切割工具，要想切割Nginx日志需要借助系统的切割工具或者自定义脚本。这里提供一个Nginx日志切割脚本供参考。

1、编写日志切割脚本

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# vim /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh

#! /bin/bash

# date +%Y%m%d 显示的是今天的日期

# 加上 -d "-1 day" 显示的是昨天的日期

d=`date -d "-1 day" +%Y%m%d`

#定义日志存放的路径，假设存放在/tmp/下

logdir="/tmp"

# pid文件

nginx_pid="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"

cd $logdir

# 在日志存放路径下循环更改日志文件名

for log in `ls *.log`

do

mv $log $log-$d

done

# 在不关闭进程前提下重启，等价于nginx -s reload

/bin/kill -HUP `cat $nginx_pid`

2、验证

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# sh -x /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh //-x选项是调试选项

++ date -d '-1 day' +%Y%m%d

+ d=20180313

+ logdir=/tmp

+ nginx_pid=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid

+ cd /tmp

++ ls linuxtest.log

+ for log in '`ls *.log`'

+ mv linuxtest.log linuxtest.log-20180313

++ cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid

+ /bin/kill -HUP 14119

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# ls /tmp/ //生成了带日期的日志

linuxtest.log mysql.sock php-fcgi.sock

linuxtest.log-20180313 pear systemd-private-ee3d7331f2804e42bc9bfe8f2b90a0e8-vmtoolsd.service-3B2v7u

3、增加任务计划

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# crontab -e

no crontab for root - using an empty one //介入以下内容

0 0 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/sbin/nginx_logrotate.sh

三、配置静态文件不记录和过期时间

1、修改虚拟主机配置

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# vim linuxtest.conf

server

{

listen 80;

server_name linuxtest.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data/wwwroot/linuxtest;

location /

{

auth_basic "Auth";

auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;

}

# ~ 匹配后续的正则表示

# 使用\转义.，匹配.jpg等文件

location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$

{

# expires设置过期时间

expires 7d;

# 关闭日志记录

access_log off;

}

location ~ .*\.(css|js)$

{

expires 12h;

access_log off;

}

access_log /tmp/linuxtest.log combined_realip;

}

2、测试

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# echo "111111" > /data/wwwroot/linuxtest/test.js

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# echo "111111" > /data/wwwroot/linuxtest/test.jpg

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# echo "111111" > /data/wwwroot/linuxtest/test.ddd //创建一个对比文件，后缀名不在配置列表内

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -u zlinux:1234566 linuxtest.com/test.js -I

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Server: nginx/1.12.2

Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 07:45:47 GMT

Content-Type: application/javascript

Content-Length: 7

Last-Modified: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 07:44:42 GMT

Connection: keep-alive

ETag: "5aa8d2ea-7"

Expires: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 19:45:47 GMT

Cache-Control: max-age=43200 //最大过期时间

Accept-Ranges: bytes

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -u zlinux:123456 linuxtest.com/test.jpg -I

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Server: nginx/1.12.2

Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 07:45:55 GMT

Content-Type: image/jpeg

Content-Length: 7

Last-Modified: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 07:45:05 GMT

Connection: keep-alive

ETag: "5aa8d301-7"

Expires: Wed, 21 Mar 2018 07:45:55 GMT

Cache-Control: max-age=604800 //最大过期时间

Accept-Ranges: bytes

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -u zlinux:123456linuxtest.com/test.ddd -I

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Server: nginx/1.12.2

Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 07:46:01 GMT

Content-Type: application/octet-stream

Content-Length: 7

Last-Modified: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 07:45:29 GMT

Connection: keep-alive

ETag: "5aa8d319-7"

Accept-Ranges: bytes

[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# cat /tmp/linuxtest.log //未记录指定后缀日志

127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:15:42:57 +0800] linuxtest.com "/1.gif" 404 "-" "curl/7.29.0"

127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:15:46:01 +0800] linuxtest.com "/test.ddd" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"