linux编程dir类型变量,Linux命令-基本变量类型及其运算(示例代码)

[[email protected] ~]# cd /install/

[[email protected] install]# mkdir -p test && cd test

-s修改时间：

[[email protected] test]# date

2017年 11月 30日 星期四 21:55:03 CST

[[email protected] test]# date `+%F %T %A`

2017年 11月 30日 星期四 21:56:25 CST

[[email protected] test]# date ‘+%F‘

2017-11-30

[[email protected] test]# date ‘+%T‘

21:57:11

[[email protected] test]# date ‘+%A‘

星期四

[[email protected] test]# date -s "2017-11-30 14:44:40"

2017年 11月 30日 星期四 14:44:40 CST

更新主板和芯片时间

[[email protected] test]# clock -w

[[email protected] test]# date ‘+%F %T %A‘

2017-11-30 14:45:47 星期四

[[email protected] test]# myname=lisi

[[email protected] test]# echo $myname

lisi

[[email protected] test]# echo my neme is $myname

my neme is lisi

[[email protected] test]# echo $mynameis man

man

[[email protected] test]# echo ${myname}is man

lisiis man

说一些指令

小括号()和反单引号效果相似：

[[email protected] test]# echo `echo kkk`

kkk

[[email protected] test]# echo $(echo kkk)

kkk

数字表示的是下标，下标是从0开始：

[[email protected] test]# echo ${#myname}

4

[[email protected] test]# echo ${myname:3}

i

[[email protected] test]# echo ${myname:4}

单斜线是替换第一次匹配结果，双斜线是全部替换：

[[email protected] test]# echo ${myname/si/gang}

ligang

[[email protected] test]# echo ${myname/si/}

li

[[email protected] test]# myname=liyongfuyongfu

[[email protected] test]# echo ${myname/yongfu/gang}

ligangyongfu

[[email protected] test]# echo ${myname//yongfu/gang}

liganggang

%表示匹配最后一个；#表示匹配第一个：

[[email protected] test]# echo ${myname/%yongfu/gang}

liyongfugang

[[email protected] test]# echo ${myname/#yongfu/gang}

liyongfuyongfu

[[email protected] test]# echo ${myname/#li/gang}

gangyongfuyongfu

echo输出会换行；printf不会换行：

[[email protected] test]# printf kkk

kkk[[email protected] test]# echo printf

printf

:-没值时不会自动赋值；而:=没值时会自动赋值；但没值时都会输出默认值；

[[email protected] test]# kk=liyongfu

[[email protected] test]# echo ${kk:-ligang}

liyongfu

[[email protected] test]# echo ${km}

[[email protected] test]# echo ${km:-ligang}

ligang

[[email protected] test]# echo ${km}

[[email protected] test]# echo ${kl:=ligang}

ligang

[[email protected] test]# echo ${kl}

ligang

数学运算：

(())：

[[email protected] test]# sum=0

[[email protected] test]# ((sum=sum+10))

[[email protected] test]# echo $sum

10

[[email protected] test]# ((sum = sum + 10))

[[email protected] test]# echo $sum

20

[[email protected] test]# a=10

[[email protected] test]# b=20

[[email protected] test]# c=+

[[email protected] test]# ((sum = ${a} ${c} ${b}))

[[email protected] test]# echo $sum

30

[[email protected] test]# ex=3+3-5*0/5

[[email protected] test]# echo $ex

3+3-5*0/5

[[email protected] test]# ((sum = $ex))

[[email protected] test]# echo $sum

6

数字比较用-gt/-lt/-eq/-ge/-le/-ne;

字符串比较>、

[[email protected] test]# [ 3>2 ] && echo "yes" || echo "no"

no

[[email protected] test]# [ 3 > 2 ] && echo "yes" || echo "no"

yes

[[email protected] test]# [ 3 < 2 ] && echo "yes" || echo "no"

yes

[[email protected] test]# [ 3 -gt 2 ] && echo "yes" || echo "no"

yes

[[email protected] test]# [ 3 -lt 2 ] && echo "yes" || echo "no"

no

[[email protected] test]# [ 3 -ge 2 ] && echo "yes" || echo "no"

yes

[[email protected] test]# [ 3 -le 2 ] && echo "yes" || echo "no"

no

[[email protected] test]# [ 3 -eq 2 ] && echo "yes" || echo "no"

no

[[email protected] test]# [ 3 -ne 2 ] && echo "yes" || echo "no"

yes

[[email protected] test]#

[[email protected] test]#

[[email protected] test]# he=ligang

[[email protected] test]# wo=yongfu

[[email protected] test]# [ $he == $wo ] && echo "yes" || echo "no"

no

[[email protected] test]# [ $he != $wo ] && echo "yes" || echo "no"

yes

-f判断文件是否存在；-d判断文件夹是否存在；

[[email protected] test]# [ -f "$fp" ] && echo "exists" || echo "not exists"

[[email protected] test]# echo this is a txt>>a.txt

[[email protected] test]# cat a.txt

this is a txt

[[email protected] test]# [ -f "$fp" ] && cat a.txt || touch a.txt

this is a txt

[[email protected] test]# [ -d "$fp" ] && echo "exists" || echo "not exists"

(1)：

[[email protected] test]# vi test.sh

[[email protected] test]# cat test.sh

#!/bin/sh

#定义一个变量，变量的值指向一个目录

fp=/install/test/a

[ -d $fp ] && {

echo "dir is exists";

echo "dir is exists"

}||{

echo "dir not exists";

echo "dir not exosts"

}

[[email protected] test]# sh test.sh

(2)：

[[email protected] test]# vi test.sh

[[email protected] test]# cat test.sh

#!/bin/sh

#定义一个变量，变量的值指向一个目录

fp=/install/test/a

if [ -d $fp ];then

echo "dir is exists";

echo "dir is exists"

else

echo "dir not exists";

echo "dir not exost"

fi

[[email protected] test]# sh test.sh

(3)：固定变量值

[[email protected] test]# vi test.sh

[[email protected] test]# cat test.sh

#!/bin/sh

#定义一个变量，变量的值指向一个目录

age=90

if [ $age -gt 100 ];then

echo "他是老年人"

elif [ $age -gt 60 ];then

echo "他是中老年人"

elif [ $age -gt 40 ];then

echo "他是青年人"

elif [ $age -gt 20 ];then

echo "他是少年"

else

echo "他是小孩"

fi

[[email protected] test]# sh test.sh

他是中老年人

(4)：运行时，传值

[[email protected] test]# vi test.sh

[[email protected] test]# cat test.sh

#!/bin/sh

#定义一个变量，变量的值指向一个目录

#第一个参数是$0，它表示当前脚本文件的名字，从数字1开始(即$1,$2...)表示传给脚本文件的名字

fileName=$0

echo "script file is $fileName"

age=$1

if [ $age -gt 100 ];then

echo "他是老年人"

elif [ $age -gt 60 ];then

echo "他是中老年人"

elif [ $age -gt 40 ];then

echo "他是青年人"

elif [ $age -gt 20 ];then

echo "他是少年"

else

echo "他是小孩"

fi

[[email protected] test]# sh test.sh 35

script file is test.sh

他是少年

序列：

[[email protected] test]# echo {1..5}

1 2 3 4 5

[[email protected] test]# echo {a..z}

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

[[email protected] test]# echo {A..h}

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h

[[email protected] test]# seq 5

1

2

3

4

5

tr截断设置分隔符；

[[email protected] test]# seq 5|tr ‘\n‘ ‘ ‘

1 2 3 4 5 [[email protected] test]# seq -s ‘ ‘ 5

1 2 3 4 5

-s直接设置分割方式；

[[email protected] test]# seq -s ‘ ‘ 5 50

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

1 2 50其中的1表示起始数字，5表示步长，50表示结束数字；

[[email protected] test]# seq -s ‘ ‘ 1 5 50

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46

(())只能运算整数；bc可以运算所有实数；

其中的-l表示导入运行计算所需包；bc是运算标识；

[[email protected] test]# a=1.2

[[email protected] test]# b=2.6

[[email protected] test]# sum=0

[[email protected] test]# ((sum=a+b))

[[email protected] test]# echo ${a}+${b}|bc -l

3.8

[[email protected] test]# echo 190+100|bc -l

290

整数计算推荐使用(())，因为性能比较好；

bc中间使用了管道，走了磁盘IO，性能不好；

[[email protected] test]# seq -s ‘+‘ 100

1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+17+18+19+20+21+22+23+24+25+26+27+28+29+30+31+32+33+34+35+36+37+38+39+40+41+42+43+44+45+46+47+48+49+50+51+52+53+54+55+56+57+58+59+60+61+62+63+64+65+66+67+68+69+70+71+72+73+74+75+76+77+78+79+80+81+82+83+84+85+86+87+88+89+90+91+92+93+94+95+96+97+98+99+100

[[email protected] test]# seq -s ‘+‘ 100|bc -l

5050

反单引号内的内容当作语句执行；

单引号内的内容当作字符串；

[[email protected] test]# ((sum=`seq -s ‘+‘ 1000`))

[[email protected] test]# echo $sum

500500

[[email protected] test]# echo $((`seq -s ‘+‘ 1000`))

500500

[[email protected] test]# echo $((seq -s ‘+‘ 1000))

-bash: seq -s ‘+‘ 1000: syntax error: invalid arithmetic operator (error token is "‘+‘ 1000")

for循环两种方式：

[[email protected] test]# sum=0

[[email protected] test]# for i in `seq 100`;do ((sum=${sum}+${i}));done

[[email protected] test]# echo $sum

[[email protected] test]# for((i=1;i<=100;i++));do ((sum+=${i}));done

[[email protected] test]# echo $sum

while的两种方式，注意每次需要坝变量赋值：

[[email protected] test]# sum=0

[[email protected] test]# i=1

[[email protected] test]# while [ $i -le 100 ];do ((sum+=i));((i++));done

[[email protected] test]# echo $sum

[[email protected] test]# sum=0

[[email protected] test]# i=1

[[email protected] test]# while ((i <= 100));do ((sum+=i));((i++));done

[[email protected] test]# echo $sum