linux办公文件格式,Linux终端文件类型与颜色

在使用ls 命令时，可以发现不同类型的文件，颜色不同，具体每种颜色代表哪类文件？今天就一起来学习下。

默认情况下，在命令行中输入dircolors 即可了解到具体的配置信息：

[root@localhost ~]# dircolors

LS_COLORS='rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.axv=01;35:*.anx=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*.ogg=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.axa=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36:';

export LS_COLORS

配置信息中(rs、di、ln等)对应的是不同的不同类型的文件，常见的内容为：

di Directory

fi File

ln Symbolic Link

pi Fifo file

so Socket file

bd Block (buffered) special file

cd Character (unbuffered) special file

or Symbolic Link pointing to a non-existent file (orphan)

mi Non-existent file pointed to by a symbolic link (visible when you type ls -l)

ex File which is executable (ie. has ‘x’ set in permissions).

后面的数字，代表的是呈现样式：

0 = Default Colour

1 = Bold

4 = Underlined

5 = Flashing Text

7 = Reverse Field

31 = Red

32 = Green

33 = Orange

34 = Blue

35 = Purple

36 = Cyan

37 = Grey

40 = Black Background

41 = Red Background

42 = Green Background

43 = Orange Background

44 = Blue Background

45 = Purple Background

46 = Cyan Background

47 = Grey Background

90 = Dark Grey

91 = Light Red

92 = Light Green

93 = Yellow

94 = Light Blue

95 = Light Purple

96 = Turquoise

100 = Dark Grey Background

101 = Light Red Background

102 = Light Green Background

103 = Yellow Background

104 = Light Blue Background

105 = Light Purple Background

106 = Turquoise Background

其中一个类型文件可以设置多种不同的呈现样式，如：di=5;31;42 ，不同呈现样式之间用分号;隔开，不同文件类型之间用冒号:隔开。

另外更加完整的信息可以在/etc/DIR_COLORS 文件中看到：

# Configuration file for the color ls utility

# Synchronized with coreutils 8.5 dircolors

# This file goes in the /etc directory, and must be world readable.

# You can copy this file to .dir_colors in your $HOME directory to override

# the system defaults.

# COLOR needs one of these arguments: 'tty' colorizes output to ttys, but not

# pipes. 'all' adds color characters to all output. 'none' shuts colorization

# off.

COLOR tty

# Extra command line options for ls go here.

# Basically these ones are:

# -F = show '/' for dirs, '*' for executables, etc.

# -T 0 = don't trust tab spacing when formatting ls output.

OPTIONS -F -T 0

# Below, there should be one TERM entry for each termtype that is colorizable

TERM Eterm

TERM ansi

TERM color-xterm

TERM con132x25

TERM con132x30

TERM con132x43

TERM con132x60

TERM con80x25

TERM con80x28

TERM con80x30

TERM con80x43

TERM con80x50

TERM con80x60

TERM cons25

TERM console

TERM cygwin

TERM dtterm

TERM eterm-color

TERM gnome

TERM gnome-256color

TERM jfbterm

TERM konsole

TERM kterm

TERM linux

TERM linux-c

TERM mach-color

TERM mlterm

TERM putty

TERM putty-256color

TERM rxvt

TERM rxvt-256color

TERM rxvt-cygwin

TERM rxvt-cygwin-native

TERM rxvt-unicode

TERM rxvt-unicode-256color

TERM rxvt-unicode256

TERM screen

TERM screen-256color

TERM screen-256color-bce

TERM screen-bce

TERM screen-w

TERM screen.Eterm

TERM screen.rxvt

TERM screen.linux

TERM st

TERM st-256color

TERM terminator

TERM vt100

TERM xterm

TERM xterm-16color

TERM xterm-256color

TERM xterm-88color

TERM xterm-color

TERM xterm-debian

# EIGHTBIT, followed by '1' for on, '0' for off. (8-bit output)

EIGHTBIT 1

# Below are the color init strings for the basic file types. A color init

# string consists of one or more of the following numeric codes:

# Attribute codes:

# 00=none 01=bold 04=underscore 05=blink 07=reverse 08=concealed

# Text color codes:

# 30=black 31=red 32=green 33=yellow 34=blue 35=magenta 36=cyan 37=white

# Background color codes:

# 40=black 41=red 42=green 43=yellow 44=blue 45=magenta 46=cyan 47=white

#NORMAL 00# no color code at all

#FILE 00# normal file, use no color at all

RESET 0 # reset to "normal" color

DIR 01;34# directory

LINK 01;36# symbolic link (If you set this to 'target' instead of a

# numerical value, the color is as for the file pointed to.)

MULTIHARDLINK 00# regular file with more than one link

FIFO 40;33# pipe

SOCK 01;35# socket

DOOR 01;35# door

BLK 40;33;01# block device driver

CHR 40;33;01# character device driver

ORPHAN 40;31;01 # symlink to nonexistent file, or non-stat'able file

MISSING 01;05;37;41 # ... and the files they point to

SETUID 37;41# file that is setuid (u+s)

SETGID 30;43# file that is setgid (g+s)

CAPABILITY 30;41# file with capability

STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE 30;42 # dir that is sticky and other-writable (+t,o+w)

OTHER_WRITABLE 34;42 # dir that is other-writable (o+w) and not sticky

STICKY 37;44# dir with the sticky bit set (+t) and not other-writable

# This is for files with execute permission:

EXEC 01;32

# List any file extensions like '.gz' or '.tar' that you would like ls

# to colorize below. Put the extension, a space, and the color init string.

# (and any comments you want to add after a '#')

# executables (bright green)

#.cmd 01;32

#.exe 01;32

#.com 01;32

#.btm 01;32

#.bat 01;32

#.sh 01;32

#.csh 01;32

# archives or compressed (bright red)

.tar 01;31

.tgz 01;31

.arc 01;31

.arj 01;31

.taz 01;31

.lha 01;31

.lz4 01;31

.lzh 01;31

.lzma 01;31

.tlz 01;31

.txz 01;31

.tzo 01;31

.t7z 01;31

.zip 01;31

.z 01;31

.Z 01;31

.dz 01;31

.gz 01;31

.lrz 01;31

.lz 01;31

.lzo 01;31

.xz 01;31

.bz2 01;31

.bz 01;31

.tbz 01;31

.tbz2 01;31

.tz 01;31

.deb 01;31

.rpm 01;31

.jar 01;31

.war 01;31

.ear 01;31

.sar 01;31

.rar 01;31

.alz 01;31

.ace 01;31

.zoo 01;31

.cpio 01;31

.7z 01;31

.rz 01;31

.cab 01;31

# image formats (magenta)

.jpg 01;35

.jpeg 01;35

.gif 01;35

.bmp 01;35

.pbm 01;35

.pgm 01;35

.ppm 01;35

.tga 01;35

.xbm 01;35

.xpm 01;35

.tif 01;35

.tiff 01;35

.png 01;35

.svg 01;35

.svgz 01;35

.mng 01;35

.pcx 01;35

.mov 01;35

.mpg 01;35

.mpeg 01;35

.m2v 01;35

.mkv 01;35

.webm 01;35

.ogm 01;35

.mp4 01;35

.m4v 01;35

.mp4v 01;35

.vob 01;35

.qt 01;35

.nuv 01;35

.wmv 01;35

.asf 01;35

.rm 01;35

.rmvb 01;35

.flc 01;35

.avi 01;35

.fli 01;35

.flv 01;35

.gl 01;35

.dl 01;35

.xcf 01;35

.xwd 01;35

.yuv 01;35

.cgm 01;35

.emf 01;35

# http://wiki.xiph.org/index.php/MIME_Types_and_File_Extensions

.axv 01;35

.anx 01;35

.ogv 01;35

.ogx 01;35

# audio formats (cyan)

.aac 01;36

.au 01;36

.flac 01;36

.mid 01;36

.midi 01;36

.mka 01;36

.mp3 01;36

.mpc 01;36

.ogg 01;36

.ra 01;36

.wav 01;36

# http://wiki.xiph.org/index.php/MIME_Types_and_File_Extensions

.axa 01;36

.oga 01;36

.spx 01;36

.xspf 01;36

# colorize binary documents (brown)

#.pdf 00;33

#.ps 00;33

#.ps.gz 00;33

#.tex 00;33

#.xls 00;33

#.xlsx 00;33

#.ppt 00;33

#.pptx 00;33

#.rtf 00;33

#.doc 00;33

#.docx 00;33

#.odt 00;33

#.ods 00;33

#.odp 00;33

#.epub 00;33

#.abw 00;33

#.wpd 00;33

#

# colorize text documents (brown)

#.txt 00;33

#.patch 00;33

#.diff 00;33

#.log 00;33

#.htm 00;33

#.html 00;33

#.shtml 00;33

#.xml 00;33

参考地址：