计算机导论相关ppt,详细的计算机导论课件.ppt

详细的计算机导论课件.ppt

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Chapter 13Systems Analysis and Design Competencies (Page 1 of 2)Describe the six phases of the systems life cycleIdentify information needs and formulate possible solutionsAnalyze existing information systems & evaluate the feasibility of alternative systemsPage 3742Competencies (Page 2 of 2)Identify, acquire获得, and test new system software and hardwareSwitch转换 from an existing information system to a new one with minimal riskPerform system audits审计 and periodic evaluations Page 3743IntroductionMost people in an organization are involved with an information system of some kind. For the organization to create and use the system requires thought and effort. Fortunately there is a six step process for accomplishing this as this chapter will explain.Page 3754System Analysis and DesignSix-phase problem-solving procedure for examining and improving an information systemPage 3765Phase 1 Preliminary InvestigationPreliminary Investigation includes:Define the problemSuggest alternative systemsPrepare a short reportPage 3776Phase 2 Systems Analysis Analysis tasks include:Gathering dataAnalyzing the dataDocument systems analysisPage 3797Analyzing the DataChecklist检查清单Top-down analysis methodGrid chartsDecision tablesSystem flowchartsData flow diagramsAutomated design tools -CASEPage 381Return8Analyzing Data ToolsPage 393Grid chartDecision tableSystem flowchartData flow diagramReturnFlowchart symbols9Phase 3 Systems DesignDesign includes 3 major tasks:Designing alternative systemsEconomic feasibilityTechnical feasibilityOperational feasibilitySelecting the best systemWriting the systems design reportPage 38410Phase 4 Systems DevelopmentThe tasks in the Development Phase include:Acquiring softwareAcquiring hardwareTesting the new system Page 38511Phase 5 Systems ImplementationNew system is installed and people are trained to use itTypes of conversion(类型转换)DirectParallelPilot(适用)Phased(分阶段) TrainingPage 38712Phase 6 Systems MaintenanceSystems maintenance is very important and is an ongoing activityTwo partsSystems audit审计 Periodic evaluationPage 38913Prototyping(原型设计) and Rapid Applications Development Alternatives to the systems life cycle - Use if systems life cycle is not feasiblePrototyping is building a modelRAD – Rapid applications development Page 39014Careers in ITSystems Analysts plan and design new systems or reorganize a computer’s resources to best utilize themThey follow the systems life cycleRequires a bachelor’s degree in computer science and technical experienceCan expect to earn an annual salary of $44,000 to $87,000Page 39115A Look to the Future The Challenge of Keeping Pace Pace of business is now fasterTo stay competitive, new technologies must be incorporated Increased use of RAD and prototypingIncreased use of outside consultingPage 39216Discussion Questions (Page 1 of 2)What is a system? What are the six phases of the systems life cycle? Why do corporations undergo this process?What are the tools used in the analysis phase? What is top-down analysis? How is it used?Describe each type of system conversion. Which is the most commonly used?Page 40117Discussion Questions (Page 2 of 2)What is system maintenance? When does it occur?Explain prototyping and RAD. When might they be used by corporations? Page 40118 关 键 词： 详细 导论 计算机

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