php ds扩展,PHP教程：老生常谈PHP中的数据结构:DS扩展

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本文介绍了PHP教程：老生常谈PHP中的数据结构:DS扩展，希望对您有用。如果有疑问，可以联系我们。

PHP7以上才能安装和使用该数据结构扩展,安装比较简单：

PHP实战1. 运行命令 pecl install ds

PHP实战2. 在php.ini中添加 extension=ds.so

PHP实战3. 重启PHP或重载配置

PHP实战Collection Interface：包含本库中所有数据结构通用功能的基本interface. It guarantees that all structures are traversable, countable, and can be converted to json using json_encode().

PHP实战

Ds\Collection implements Traversable , Countable , JsonSerializable {

/* 方法 */

abstract public void clear ( void )

abstract public Ds\Collection copy ( void )

abstract public bool isEmpty ( void )

abstract public array toArray ( void )

}

PHP实战Hashable Interface：which allows objects to be used as keys.

PHP实战

Ds\Hashable {

/* 方法 */

abstract public bool equals ( object $obj )

abstract public mixed hash ( void )

}

PHP实战Sequence Interface：A Sequence 相当于一个一维的数字key数组, with the exception of a few characteristics:

PHP实战Values will always be indexed as [0, 1, 2, …, size - 1].

PHP实战Only allowed to access values by index in the range [0, size - 1].

PHP实战Use cases：

PHP实战Wherever you would use an array as a list (not concerned with keys).

PHP实战A more efficient alternative to SplDoublyLinkedList and SplFixedArray.

PHP实战Vector Class：Vector是自动增长和收缩的连续缓冲区中的一系列值.它是最有效的顺序结构,值的索引直接映射到缓冲区中索引,增长因子不绑定到特定的倍数或指数.其具有以下优缺点：

PHP实战Supports array syntax (square brackets).

PHP实战Uses less overall memory than an array for the same number of values.

PHP实战Automatically frees allocated memory when its size drops low enough.

PHP实战Capacity does not have to be a power of 2.

PHP实战get(), set(), push(), pop() are all O(1).

PHP实战但是 shift(), unshift(), insert() and remove() are all O(n).

PHP实战

Ds\Vector::allocate ― Allocates enough memory for a required capacity.

Ds\Vector::apply ― Updates all values by applying a callback function to each value.

Ds\Vector::capacity ― Returns the current capacity.

Ds\Vector::clear ― Removes all values.

Ds\Vector::__construct ― Creates a new instance.

Ds\Vector::contains ― Determines if the vector contains given values.

Ds\Vector::copy ― Returns a shallow copy of the vector.

Ds\Vector::count ― Returns the number of values in the collection.

Ds\Vector::filter ― Creates a new vector using a callable to determine which values to include.

Ds\Vector::find ― Attempts to find a value's index.

Ds\Vector::first ― Returns the first value in the vector.

Ds\Vector::get ― Returns the value at a given index.

Ds\Vector::insert ― Inserts values at a given index.

Ds\Vector::isEmpty ― Returns whether the vector is empty

Ds\Vector::join ― Joins all values together as a string.

Ds\Vector::jsonSerialize ― Returns a representation that can be converted to JSON.

Ds\Vector::last ― Returns the last value.

Ds\Vector::map ― Returns the result of applying a callback to each value.

Ds\Vector::merge ― Returns the result of adding all given values to the vector.

Ds\Vector::pop ― Removes and returns the last value.

Ds\Vector::push ― Adds values to the end of the vector.

Ds\Vector::reduce ― Reduces the vector to a single value using a callback function.

Ds\Vector::remove ― Removes and returns a value by index.

Ds\Vector::reverse ― Reverses the vector in-place.

Ds\Vector::reversed ― Returns a reversed copy.

Ds\Vector::rotate ― Rotates the vector by a given number of rotations.

Ds\Vector::set ― Updates a value at a given index.

Ds\Vector::shift ― Removes and returns the first value.

Ds\Vector::slice ― Returns a sub-vector of a given range.

Ds\Vector::sort ― Sorts the vector in-place.

Ds\Vector::sorted ― Returns a sorted copy.

Ds\Vector::sum ― Returns the sum of all values in the vector.

Ds\Vector::toArray ― Converts the vector to an array.

Ds\Vector::unshift ― Adds values to the front of the vector.

PHP实战Deque Class：“双端队列”的缩写,也用于Ds\Queue中,拥有head、tail两个指针.The pointers can “wrap around” the end of the buffer, which avoids the need to move other values around to make room. This makes shift and unshift very fast ―  something a Ds\Vector can't compete with. 其具有以下优缺点：

PHP实战Supports array syntax (square brackets).

PHP实战Uses less overall memory than an array for the same number of values.

PHP实战Automatically frees allocated memory when its size drops low enough.

PHP实战get(), set(), push(), pop(), shift(), and unshift() are all O(1).

PHP实战但Capacity must be a power of 2.insert() and remove() are O(n).

PHP实战Map Class：键值对的连续集合,几乎与数组相同.键可以是任何类型,但必须是唯一的.如果使用相同的键添加到map中,则将替换值.其拥有以下优缺点：

PHP实战Keys and values can be any type, including objects.

PHP实战Supports array syntax (square brackets).

PHP实战Insertion order is preserved.

PHP实战Performance and memory efficiency is very similar to an array.

PHP实战Automatically frees allocated memory when its size drops low enough.

PHP实战Can't be converted to an array when objects are used as keys.

PHP实战Pair Class：A pair is used by Ds\Map to pair keys with values.

PHP实战

Ds\Pair implements JsonSerializable {

/* 方法 */

public __construct ([ mixed $key [, mixed $value ]] )

}

PHP实战Set Class：唯一值序列. This implementation uses the same hash table as Ds\Map, where values are used as keys and the mapped value is ignored.其拥有以下优缺点：

PHP实战Values can be any type, including objects.

PHP实战Supports array syntax (square brackets).

PHP实战Insertion order is preserved.

PHP实战Automatically frees allocated memory when its size drops low enough.

PHP实战add(), remove() and contains() are all O(1).

PHP实战但Doesn't support push(), pop(), insert(), shift(), or unshift(). get() is O(n) if there are deleted values in the buffer before the accessed index, O(1) otherwise.

PHP实战Stack Class： “last in, first out”集合,只允许在结构顶部进行访问和迭代.

PHP实战

Ds\Stack implements Ds\Collection {

/* 方法 */

public void allocate ( int $capacity )

public int capacity ( void )

public void clear ( void )

public Ds\Stack copy ( void )

public bool isEmpty ( void )

public mixed peek ( void )

public mixed pop ( void )

public void push ([ mixed $...values ] )

public array toArray ( void )

}

PHP实战Queue Class：“first in, first out”集合,只允许在结构前端进行访问和迭代.

PHP实战

Ds\Queue implements Ds\Collection {

/* Constants */

const int MIN_CAPACITY = 8 ;

/* 方法 */

public void allocate ( int $capacity )

public int capacity ( void )

public void clear ( void )

public Ds\Queue copy ( void )

public bool isEmpty ( void )

public mixed peek ( void )

public mixed pop ( void )

public void push ([ mixed $...values ] )

public array toArray ( void )

}

PHP实战PriorityQueue Class：优先级队列与队列是非常相似的,但值以指定的优先级被推入队列,优先级最高的值总是位于队列的前面,同优先级元素“先入先出”顺序任然保留.在一个PriorityQueue上递代是具有破坏性的,相当于连续弹出操作直到队列为空.Implemented using a max heap.

PHP实战

Ds\PriorityQueue implements Ds\Collection {

/* Constants */

const int MIN_CAPACITY = 8 ;

/* 方法 */

public void allocate ( int $capacity )

public int capacity ( void )

public void clear ( void )

public Ds\PriorityQueue copy ( void )

public bool isEmpty ( void )

public mixed peek ( void )

public mixed pop ( void )

public void push ( mixed $value , int $priority )

public array toArray ( void )

}

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