linux dm 作用,Linux dm中minor number的管理——idr

1. idr机制

Linux的dm中对minor number采用idr机制进行管理。idr即"ID Radix",内核中通过radix树对ID进行组织和管理，是一种将整数ID和指针关联在一起的一种机制。radix树基于以二进制表示的键值的查找树，尤其适合于处理非常长的、可变长度的键值。查找时每个节点都存储有进行下一次的bit测试之前需要跳过的bit数目，查找效率比较高。

以下代码中的注释说明了idr的基本作用(lib/idr.c)

/*

* 2002-10-18  written by Jim Houston jim.houston@ccur.com

*  Copyright (C) 2002 by Concurrent Computer Corporation

*  Distributed under the GNU GPL license version 2.

*

* Modified by George Anzinger to reuse immediately and to use

* find bit instructions.  Also removed _irq on spinlocks.

*

* Small id to pointer translation service.

*

* It uses a radix tree like structure as a sparse array indexed

* by the id to obtain the pointer.  The bitmap makes allocating

* a new id quick.

*

* You call it to allocate an id (an int) an associate with that id a

* pointer or what ever, we treat it as a (void *).  You can pass this

* id to a user for him to pass back at a later time.  You then pass

* that id to this code and it returns your pointer.

* You can release ids at any time. When all ids are released, most of

* the memory is returned (we keep IDR_FREE_MAX) in a local pool so we

* don't need to go to the memory "store" during an id allocate, just

* so you don't need to be too concerned about locking and conflicts

* with the slab allocator.

*/

API函数主要是以下几个：

void *idr_find(struct idr *idp, int id);

int idr_pre_get(struct idr *idp, unsigned gfp_mask);

int idr_get_new(struct idr *idp, void *ptr, int *id);

int idr_get_new_above(struct idr *idp, void *ptr, int starting_id, int *id);

void idr_remove(struct idr *idp, int id);

void idr_init(struct idr *idp);

/**

* idr_get_new - allocate new idr entry

* @idp: idr handle

* @ptr: pointer you want associated with the ide

* @id: pointer to the allocated handle

*

* This is the allocate id function.  It should be called with any

* required locks.

*

* If memory is required, it will return -EAGAIN, you should unlock

* and go back to the idr_pre_get() call.  If the idr is full, it will

* return -ENOSPC.

*

* @id returns a value in the range 0 ... 0x7fffffff

*/

int idr_get_new(struct idr *idp, void *ptr, int *id)

{

int rv;

rv = idr_get_new_above_int(idp, ptr, 0);

/*

* This is a cheap hack until the IDR code can be fixed to

* return proper error values.

*/

if (rv < 0) {

if (rv == -1)

return -EAGAIN;

else /* Will be -3 */

return -ENOSPC;

}

*id = rv;

return 0;

}

2. dm中minor的管理

/*

* Allocate and initialise a blank device with a given minor.

*/

static struct mapped_device *alloc_dev(unsigned int minor, int persistent)

{

int r;

struct mapped_device *md = kmalloc(sizeof(*md), GFP_KERNEL);

if (!md) {

DMWARN("unable to allocate device, out of memory.");

return NULL;

}

/* get a minor number for the dev */

r = persistent ? specific_minor(minor) : next_free_minor(&minor);

blk_queue_make_request(md->queue, dm_request);

md->disk = alloc_disk(1);

md->disk->major = _major;

md->disk->first_minor = minor;

md->disk->queue = md->queue;

sprintf(md->disk->disk_name, "dm-%d", minor);

add_disk(md->disk);

init_waitqueue_head(&md->wait);

init_waitqueue_head(&md->eventq);

}

1)对于指定minor

/*

* See if the device with a specific minor # is free.

*/

static int specific_minor(unsigned int minor)

{

int r, m;

if (minor >= (1 << MINORBITS))

return -EINVAL;

down(&_minor_lock);

if (idr_find(&_minor_idr, minor)) {

r = -EBUSY;

goto out;

}

r = idr_pre_get(&_minor_idr, GFP_KERNEL);

if (!r) {

r = -ENOMEM;

goto out;

}

r = idr_get_new_above(&_minor_idr, specific_minor, minor, &m);

if (r) {

goto out;

}

if (m != minor) {

idr_remove(&_minor_idr, m);

r = -EBUSY;

goto out;

}

out:

up(&_minor_lock);

return r;

}

2)动态分配minor

static int next_free_minor(unsigned int *minor)

{

int r;

unsigned int m;

down(&_minor_lock);

r = idr_pre_get(&_minor_idr, GFP_KERNEL);

if (!r) {

r = -ENOMEM;

goto out;

}

r = idr_get_new(&_minor_idr, next_free_minor, &m);

if (r) {

goto out;

}

if (m >= (1 << MINORBITS)) {

idr_remove(&_minor_idr, m);

r = -ENOSPC;

goto out;

}

*minor = m;

out:

up(&_minor_lock);

return r;

}

3)ioctl

static int dev_create(struct dm_ioctl *param, size_t param_size)

{

int r;

struct mapped_device *md;

r = check_name(param->name);

if (r)

return r;

if (param->flags & DM_PERSISTENT_DEV_FLAG)

r = dm_create_with_minor(MINOR(huge_decode_dev(param->dev)), &md);

else

r = dm_create(&md);

}

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