linux6 安装yum源文件,CentOS 6.6 yum源完全配置

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-07 03:09:13 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-07 03:09:13 发布

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文章标签： linux6 安装yum源文件

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一 yum 簡介

yum,是"Yellow dog Updater,Modified"的簡稱,是杜克大學為了提高RPM軟件包安裝性而開發的一種軟件包管理器. 起初是由yellow dog這一發行版的開發者Terra Soft研發,用python寫成,那時還叫做yup(yellow dog updater),后經杜克大學的Linux@Duke開發團隊進行改進,遂有此名. yum的宗旨是自動化地升級,安裝/移除rpm包,收集rpm包的相關信息,檢查依賴性並自動提示用戶解決. yum的關鍵之處是要有可靠的repository,顧名思義,這是軟件的倉庫,它可以是http或ftp站點,也可以是本地軟件池,但必須包含rpm的header,header包括了rpm包的各種信息,包括描述,功能,提供的文件,依賴性等. 正是收集了這些header並加以分析,才能自動化地完成余下的任務.

yum 的理念是使用一個中心倉庫(repository)管理一部分甚至一個distribution的應用程序相互關系,根據計算出來的軟件依賴關系進行相關的升級,安裝, 刪除等操作,減少了Linux用戶一直頭痛的dependencies的問題. 這一點上,yum和apt相同. apt原為debian的deb類型軟件管理所使用,但是現在也能用到RedHat 門下的rpm了.

yum主要功能是更方便的添加/刪除/更新RPM包,自動解決包的依賴性問題,便於管理大量系統的更新問題.

yum可以同時配置多個資源庫(Repository),簡潔的配置文件(/etc/yum.conf),自動解決增加或刪除rpm包時遇到的依賴性問題,保持與RPM數據庫的一致性.

+--------------------------+

| 使用Yum下載RPM包而不安裝 |

+--------------------------+

方法一：通過yum自帶一個工具：yumdownloader

# yum -y install yum-utils*

# rpm -ql yum-utils

/usr/bin/debuginfo-install

/usr/bin/package-cleanup

/usr/bin/repo-graph

/usr/bin/repo-rss

/usr/bin/repoclosure

/usr/bin/repodiff

/usr/bin/repomanage

/usr/bin/repoquery

/usr/bin/reposync

/usr/bin/repotrack

/usr/bin/verifytree

/usr/bin/yum-builddep

/usr/bin/yum-debug-dump

/usr/bin/yum-groups-manager

/usr/bin/yumdownloader #可以看到yumdownloade這個工具是由yum-utils這個軟件安裝生成的！

安裝好后就可以直接使用了，使用非常簡單，如下：

# yumdownloader vlock

vlock-1.3-23.i386.rpm | 11 kB 00:00

# ls

vlock-1.3-23.i386.rpm

方法二：使用yum的一個插件：yum-downloadonly

安裝插件

# yum install yum-downloadonly

會自動下載安裝yum-plugin-downloadonly

# ls /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/downloadonly.conf

/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/downloadonly.conf

安裝yum支持的所有插件

yum install axel

yum install yum-presto

yum install yum-fastestmirror

yum install yum-metadata-parser

yum install yum-downloadonly

yum install yum-priorities

yum install yum-*

下載文件:

# yum install --downloadonly tftp

下載后文件在/var/cache下

# ls /var/cache/yum/i386/6/base/packages/tftp-0.49-7.el6.i686.rpm

# yum install --downloadonly tftp --downloaddir=~/ #指定文件下載路徑

二 yum安裝

CentOS默認已經安裝了yum,不需要另外安裝,這里為了實驗目的,先將yum卸載再重新安裝.

1 查看系統默認安裝的yum

# rpm -qa|grep yum

2 卸載yum

# rpm -e yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-14.el5.centos.1 yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-3.el5.centos yum-3.2.22-33.el5.centos

3 重新安裝yum

這里可以通過wget 從網上下載相關包安裝,也可以掛載系統安裝光盤進行安裝,這里選擇掛載系統安裝光盤進行安裝.

# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/

# rpm -ivh yum-3.2.22-33.el5.centos.noarch.rpm yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-14.el5.centos.1.noarch.rpm yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-3.el5.centos.i386.rpm

# yum -v

yum 的基礎安裝包包括:

yum　　//RPM installer/updater

yum-fastestmirror　　//Yum plugin which chooses fastest repository from a mirrorlist

yum-metadata-parser　　//A fast metadata parser for yum

三 yum配置

yum的配置文件分為兩部分main和repository

main部分定義了全局配置選項,整個yum 配置文件應該只有一個main. 常位於/etc/yum.conf中.

repository部分定義了每個源/服務器的具體配置,可以有一到多個. 常位於/etc/yum.repo.d/目錄下的各文件.

yum.conf文件一般位於/etc目錄下,一般其中只包含main部分的配置選項.

# cat /etc/yum.conf

############################################

[main]

cachedir=/var/cache/yum

##yum緩存的目錄,yum在此存儲下載的rpm包和數據庫,默認設置為/var/cache/yum

keepcache=0

##安裝完成后是否保留軟件包,0為不保留(默認為0),1為保留

debuglevel=2

##Debug信息輸出等級,范圍為0-10,缺省為2

logfile=/var/log/yum.log

##yum日志文件位置. 用戶可以到/var/log/yum.log文件去查詢過去所做的更新.

pkgpolicy=newest

##包的策略. 一共有兩個選項,newest和last,這個作用是如果你設置了多個repository,而同一軟件在不同的repository中同時存在,yum應該安裝哪一個,如果是newest,則yum會安裝最新的那個版本. 如果是last,則yum會將服務器id以字母表排序,並選擇最后的那個服務器上的軟件安裝. 一般都是選newest.

distroverpkg=redhat-release

##指定一個軟件包,yum會根據這個包判斷你的發行版本,默認是redhat-release,也可以是安裝的任何針對自己發行版的rpm包.

tolerant=1

##有1和0兩個選項,表示yum是否容忍命令行發生與軟件包有關的錯誤,比如你要安裝1,2,3三個包,而其中3此前已經安裝了,如果你設為1,則yum不會出現錯誤信息. 默認是0.

exactarch=1

##有1和0兩個選項,設置為1,則yum只會安裝和系統架構匹配的軟件包,例如,yum不會將i686的軟件包安裝在適合i386的系統中. 默認為1.

retries=6

##網絡連接發生錯誤后的重試次數,如果設為0,則會無限重試. 默認值為6.

obsoletes=1

##這是一個update的參數,具體請參閱yum(8),簡單的說就是相當於upgrade,允許更新陳舊的RPM包.

plugins=1

##是否啟用插件,默認1為允許,0表示不允許. 我們一般會用yum-fastestmirror這個插件.

bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=16&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum

# Note: yum-RHN-plugin doesn't honor this.

metadata_expire=1h

installonly_limit=5

# PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo

# in /etc/yum.repos.d

############################################

除了上述之外,還有一些可以添加的選項,如:

exclude=selinux*　　## 排除某些軟件在升級名單之外,可以用通配符,列表中各個項目要用空格隔開,這個對於安裝了諸如美化包,中文補丁的朋友特別有用.

gpgcheck=1 ## 有1和0兩個選擇,分別代表是否是否進行gpg(GNU Private Guard) 校驗,以確定rpm包的來源是有效和安全的. 這個選項如果設置在[main]部分,則對每個repository都有效. 默認值為0.

四配置本地yum源

1 掛載系統安裝光盤

# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/

或者掛在系統鏡像

# mount -o loop -t iso9660 CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /media/_local_repo_DVD1

# mount -o loop -t iso9660 CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD2.iso /media/_local_repo_DVD2

2 配置本地yum源

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

# ls

會看到四個repo 文件

CentOS-Base.repo 是yum網絡源的配置文件

CentOS-Media.repo 是yum本地源的配置文件

創建_local_DVD.repo

# vim _local_DVD.repo

#########################################

[_local_DVD]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Media

baseurl=file:///media/CentOS/

file:///mnt/cdrom/

file:///media/cdrecorder/

file:///media/_local_repo_DVD1

file:///media/_local_repo_DVD2

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#########################################

在baseurl中修改第2個路徑為/mnt/cdrom(即為光盤掛載點)

將enabled=0改為1

3 禁用默認的yum 網絡源

將yum 網絡源配置文件改名為CentOS-Base.repo.backup,否則會先在網絡源中尋找適合的包,改名之后直接從本地源讀取.

4 執行yum 命令

# yum install vim

關於repo 文件的格式

所有repository 服務器設置都應該遵循如下格式:

[serverid]

name=Some name for this server

baseurl=url://path/to/repository/

#serverid 是用於區別各個不同的repository,必須有一個獨一無二的名稱；

#name 是對repository 的描述,支持像$releasever $basearch這樣的變量；

#baseurl 是服務器設置中最重要的部分,只有設置正確,才能從上面獲取軟件. 它的格式是:

baseurl=url://server1/path/to/repository/

url://server2/path/to/repository/

url://server3/path/to/repository/

其中url 支持的協議有 http://, ftp://, file:// 三種. baseurl后可以跟多個url,你可以自己改為速度比較快的鏡像站,但baseurl只能有一個,也就是說不能像如下格式:

baseurl=url://server1/path/to/repository/

baseurl=url://server2/path/to/repository/

baseurl=url://server3/path/to/repository/

其中url 指向的目錄必須是這個repository header 目錄的上一級,它也支持$releasever $basearch 這樣的變量.

url 之后可以加上多個選項,如gpgcheck, exclude, failovermethod 等,比如:

##########################################################

[updates-released]

name=Fedora Core $releasever - $basearch - Released Updates

baseurl=http://download.atrpms.net/mirrors/fedoracore/updates/$releasever/$basearch

http://redhat.linux.ee/pub/fedora/linux/core/updates/$releasever/$basearch

http://fr2.rpmfind.net/linux/fedora/core/updates/$releasever/$basearch

enable=1

gpgcheck=1

exclude=gaim

failovermethod=priority

##########################################################

#其中gpgcheck,exclude 的含義和[main] 部分相同,但只對此服務器起作用,failovermethode 有兩個選項roundrobin和priority,意思分別是有多個url可供選擇時,yum 選擇的次序,roundrobin是隨機選擇,如果連接失敗則使用下一個,依次循環,priority則根據url的次序從第一個開始. 如果不指明,默認是roundrobin.

五配置國內yum源

系統默認的yum 源速度往往不盡人意,為了達到快速安裝的目的,在這里修改yum源為國內源.

上海交通大學yum源

a. 備份/etc/yum.repos.d/的CentOS-Base.repo文件為CentOS-Base.repo.backup;並復制一份改名為CenOS-sjtu.repo,內容為:

----------------------------------------------

# CentOS-Base.repo

[base]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Base

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os

baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/

enable=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#released updates

[updates]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates

baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/

enable=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that may be useful

[extras]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras

baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/

enable=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages

[centosplus]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus

baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/

enabled=0

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#contrib - packages by Centos Users

[contrib]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib

baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/

enabled=0

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

----------------------------------------------

關於變量

$releasever:代表發行版的版本,從[main]部分的distroverpkg獲取,如果沒有,則根據redhat-release包進行判斷.

$arch:cpu體系,如i686,athlon等

$basearch:cpu的基本體系組,如i686和athlon同屬i386,alpha和alphaev6同屬alpha.

b. 導入GPG KEY

yum 可以使用gpg 對包進行校驗,確保下載包的完整性,所以我們先要到各個repository 站點找到gpg key,一般都會放在首頁的醒目位置,一些名字諸如RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 之類的純文本文件,把它們下載下來,然后用rpm --import RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 命令將key導入.

c. 執行yum 命令

其他國內yum源列表如下:

1. 企業貢獻:

搜狐開源鏡像站:http://mirrors.sohu.com/

網易開源鏡像站:http://mirrors.163.com/

2. 大學教學:

北京理工大學:

http://mirror.bit.edu.cn (IPv4 only)

http://mirror.bit6.edu.cn (IPv6 only)

北京交通大學:

http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn (IPv4 only)

http://mirror6.bjtu.edu.cn (IPv6 only)

http://debian.bjtu.edu.cn (IPv4+IPv6)

蘭州大學:http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/

廈門大學:http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/

清華大學:

http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ (IPv4+IPv6)

http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ (IPv6 only)

http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ (IPv4 only)

天津大學:http://mirror.tju.edu.cn/

中國科學技術大學:

http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ (IPv4+IPv6)

http://mirrors4.ustc.edu.cn/

http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/

東北大學:

http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ (IPv4 only)

http://mirror.neu6.edu.cn/ (IPv6 only)

電子科技大學:http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/

六使用第三方軟件庫

CentOS/RHEL默認的yum軟件倉庫非常有限,僅僅限於發行版本那幾張盤里面的常規包和一些軟件包的更新,利用RpmForge,可以增加非常多的第三方rpm軟件包. RpmForge庫現在已經擁有超過10000種CentOS的軟件包,被CentOS社區認為是最安全也是最穩定的一個第三方軟件庫.

1 安裝yum-priorities插件

這個插件是用來設置yum在調用軟件源時的順序的. 因為官方提供的軟件源,都是比較穩定和被推薦使用的. 因此,官方源的順序要高於第三方源的順序. 如何保證這個順序,就需要安裝yum-priorities這插件了.

# yum -y install yum-priorities

2 安裝完yum-priorities插件后需要設置/etc/yum.repos.d/ 目錄下的.repo相關文件(如CentOS-Base.repo),在這些文件中插入順序指令:priority=N (N為1到99的正整數,數值越小越優先)

一般配置[base],[addons],[updates],[extras]的priority=1,[CentOSplus],[contrib]的priority=2,其他第三的軟件源為:priority=N (推薦N>10)

以CentOS-Base.repo 為例:

##############################################################

[base]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Base

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os

baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

priority=1

##############################################################

+---------------------------+

|添加adobe軟件倉並導入密鑰|

+---------------------------+

32位

# rpm -ivh adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm

64位

# rpm -ivh adobe-release-x86_64-1.0-1.noarch.rpm

# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-adobe-linux

設置/etc/yum.repos.d/中的adobe-linux-x86_64.repo中的priority=10

現在可以安裝adobe的flashplayer插件了

# yum install flash-plugin

+------------------+

| 安裝atomic yum源|

+------------------+

# wget http://www.atomicorp.com/installers/atomic #下載

# sh ./atomic #安裝

# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/atomic.repo #修改atomic yum源優先級，priority=11

##############################################################

[atomic]

name=CentOS / Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - atomicrocketturtle.com

mirrorlist=http://www.atomicorp.com/mirrorlist/atomic/centos-6-$basearch

#mirrorlist=http://www.atomicorp.com/channels/atomic/centos/6/mirrors-atomic

enabled=1

protect=0

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY.art.txt

priority=11

##############################################################

+----------------+

| 安裝epel yum源|

+----------------+

rpmfusion主要為桌面發行版提供大量rpm包,而EPEL則為服務器版本提供大量的rpm包,而且大多數rpm包在官方repository中是找不到的;

CentOS 5.*

32位系統

# rpm -ivh epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

64位系統:

# rpm -ivh epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

導入key:

# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-5

CentOS 6.*

32位系統:

# ipm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

64位系統:

# rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

導入key:

# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

如果用比較新的軟件,用epel-test.repo這個文件就行了

別忘了安裝# yum install yum-priorities

# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo #修改epel yum源優先級，priority=12

###############################################################

[epel]

name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch

#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch

mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch

failovermethod=priority

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

priority=12

#################################################################

+--------------------+

| 安裝rpmforge軟件源|

+--------------------+

1 下載與安裝相應rpmforge的rpm文件包,到http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/ 查找對應版本的軟件下載

32位# wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.i686.rpm

64位# wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm

2 安裝DAG的PGP Key

# rpm --import http://apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt

或者導入本地的key

# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-*

3 驗證rpmforge的rpm文件包

# rpm -K rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.*.rpm

4 安裝rpmforge的rpm文件包

# rpm -i rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.*.rpm

5 設置/etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo文件中源的級別

# cat rpmforge.repo

########################################################

### Name: RPMforge RPM Repository for RHEL 6 - dag

### URL: http://rpmforge.net/

[rpmforge]

name=RHEL $releasever - RPMforge.net - dag

baseurl=http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/$basearch/rpmforge

mirrorlist=http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/mirrors-rpmforge

#mirrorlist=file:///etc/yum.repos.d/mirrors-rpmforge

enabled=1

protect=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag

gpgcheck=1

priority=13

########################################################

+---------------------+

| 安裝rpmfusion yum源|

+---------------------+

含有各種音視頻軟件，但穩定性不如rpmforge

32位

# rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/updates/6/i386/rpmfusion-free-release-6-1.noarch.rpm

# rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/el/updates/6/i386/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-6-1.noarch.rpm

64位

# rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/updates/6/x86_64/rpmfusion-free-release-6-1.noarch.rpm

# rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/el/updates/6/x86_64/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-6-1.noarch.rpm

# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmfusion-free-updates.repo #修改rpmfusion yum源優先級，priority=13

#################################################################

[rpmfusion-free-updates-testing]

name=RPM Fusion for EL 6 - Free - Test Updates

#baseurl=http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/updates/testing/6/$basearch/

mirrorlist=http://mirrors.rpmfusion.org/mirrorlist?repo=free-el-updates-testing-6&arch=$basearch

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmfusion-free-el-6

priority=14

#################################################################

安裝完畢執行

# yum clean all

# yum makecache

然后就可以使用新的yum源管理軟件

//下面是一個yum配置的腳本程序，可以運行於centos6.x

///

#! /bin/bash

# created by longbin

# 2015-08-06

## yum and yum plugins installation scripts

PLAT_ARCH=$(uname -i | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z')

## check whether system is centos or not

function check_system_distributor() {

## get system distributor ID: centos ?

LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR=$(cat /etc/issue |tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'|awk ' /release/ {print $1}' | sed -n "1p")

LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR=${LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR:=$(lsb_release -i |tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'|awk '/distributor/ {print $3}')}

LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR=${LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR:=$(cat /etc/*release |tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'|awk '/\/ {print $1}'|sed -n '1p')}

LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR=${LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR:=$(cat /etc/*release |tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'|awk '/distrib_id=/ {print $1}'|sed 's/distrib_id=//'|sed -n '1p')}

echo "checking system distributor and release ID ..."

if [[ "${LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR}" == "centos" ]] ;then

echo -e "\tCurrent OS Distributor: ${LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR}"

else

echo -e "\tCurrent OS is not centos"

echo -e "\tCurrent OS Distributor: ${LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR}"

exit 1

}

## check whether system is centos 6.5 or 6.6

function check_system_release_version() {

## get system release version: 6.5/6.6 ?

LINUX_RELEASE_VERSION=$(cat /etc/issue | awk '/release/ {print $3}'| sed -n '1p')

LINUX_RELEASE_VERSION=${LINUX_RELEASE_VERSION:=$(lsb_release -r | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' | awk '/release/ {print $2}')}

LINUX_RELEASE_VERSION=${LINUX_RELEASE_VERSION:=$(cat /etc/*release |tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'|awk '/\/ {print $3}'|sed -n '1p')}

LINUX_RELEASE_VERSION=${LINUX_RELEASE_VERSION:=$(cat /etc/*release |tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'|awk '/distrib_release=/ {print $1}'|sed 's/distrib_release=//'|sed -n '1p')}

case ${LINUX_RELEASE_VERSION:0:5} in

6.*)

echo -e "\tCurrent OS Version: ${LINUX_RELEASE_VERSION}"

;;

echo "Only support centos version, eg: 6.5/6.6 ..."

exit 1

;;

esac

echo "checked OK, preparing to setup softwares ..."

}

function check_user_UID() {

sudo ls > /dev/null

if [ "x$?" == "x1" ] ;then

echo -e "\tThere is a configuration/permission problem."

echo -e "\tPlease ensure that you have the permission"

exit 1

if [ "x${UID}" == "x0" ] ;then

SUDO=''

else

SUDO=sudo

}

function check_yum_install_env() {

check_system_distributor

check_system_release_version

check_user_UID

trap 'echo -e "\nAborted by user, exit";exit' INT

if [ "x$(which yum 2>/dev/null)" == "x" ] ;then

echo "yum not exists, please install yum manully"

exit 1

}

function yum_plugins_installation() {

echo "Preparing to install yum plugins ..."

# ${SUDO} yum install yum-*

# ${SUDO} yum install axel

${SUDO} yum install yum-presto

${SUDO} yum install yum-fastestmirror

${SUDO} yum install yum-metadata-parser

${SUDO} yum install yum-downloadonly

${SUDO} yum install yum-priorities

}

function yum_axel_plugin_install() {

${SUDO} yum install axel

#if [ "x${PLAT_ARCH}" == "xx86_64" ] ;then

#${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://pkgs.repoforge.org/axel/axel-2.4-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm

#else

#${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://pkgs.repoforge.org/axel/axel-2.4-1.el6.rf.i686.rpm

#fi

# pushd /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/

# ${SUDO} wget http://cnfreesoft.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/axelget/axelget.conf

${SUDO} wget http://www.ha97.com/code/axelget.conf -P /etc/pluginconf.d/

if [ "$?" != 0 ] ;then

local tmp_file=$(mktemp)

${SUDO} cat > ${tmp_file} << EOF

[main]

enabled=1

onlyhttp=1

enablesize=54000

cleanOnException=1

EOF

${SUDO} mv ${tmp_file} /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/axelget.conf

# popd

# pushd /usr/lib/yum-plugins/

# ${SUDO} wget http://cnfreesoft.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/axelget/axelget.py

${SUDO} wget http://www.ha97.com/code/axelget.py -P /usr/lib/yum-plugins/

if [ "$?" != 0 ] ;then

local tmp_file=$(mktemp)

${SUDO} cat > ${tmp_file} << EOF

from yum.plugins import PluginYumExit, TYPE_CORE, TYPE_INTERACTIVE

from urlparse import urljoin

import os,time

requires_api_version = '2.3'

plugin_type = (TYPE_CORE, TYPE_INTERACTIVE)

enablesize=300000

trymirrornum=-1

maxconn=10

httpdownloadonly=False

cleanOnException=0

def init_hook(conduit):

global enablesize,trymirrornum,maxconn,cleanOnException,httpdownloadonly

enablesize = conduit.confInt('main','enablesize',default=30000)

trymirrornum = conduit.confInt('main','trymirrornum',default=-1)

maxconn = conduit.confInt('main','maxconn',default=10)

httpdownloadonly=conduit.confBool('main','onlyhttp',default=False)

cleanOnException=conduit.confInt('main','cleanOnException',default=0)

return

def predownload_hook(conduit):

global enablesize,cleanOnException,httpdownloadonly

preffermirror=""

PkgIdx=0

TotalPkg=len(conduit.getDownloadPackages())

for po in (conduit.getDownloadPackages()):

PkgIdx+=1

if hasattr(po, 'pkgtype') and po.pkgtype == 'local':

continue

totsize = long(po.size)

ret = False

if totsize <= enablesize:

conduit.info(2, "Package %s download size %d less than %d,Skip plugin!" % (po.repo.id,totsize,enablesize))

continue

else:

conduit.info(2, "[%d/%d]Ok,we will try to use axel to download this big file:%d" % (PkgIdx,TotalPkg,totsize))

local = po.localPkg()

if os.path.exists(local):

if not os.path.exists(local+".st"):

fstate=os.stat(local)

if totsize == fstate.st_size:

conduit.info(2,"Target already exists,skip to next file!")

continue

localall = "%s %s" % (local,local+".st")

rmcmd = "rm -f %s" % (localall)

curmirroridx = 0

conduit.info(2,"Before we start,clean all the key files")

os.system(rmcmd)

connnum = totsize / enablesize

if connnum*enablesize

connnum+=1

if connnum > maxconn:

connnum = maxconn

mirrors=[]

mirrors[:0]=po.repo.urls

if preffermirror != "":

mirrors[:0] = [preffermirror]

for url in mirrors:

if url.startswith("ftp://") and httpdownloadonly:

print "Skip Ftp Site:",url

continue

if url.startswith("file://"):

print "Skip Local Site:",url

continue

curmirroridx += 1

if (curmirroridx > trymirrornum) and (trymirrornum != -1):

conduit.info(2, "Package %s has tried %d mirrors,Skip plugin!" % (po.repo.id,trymirrornum))

break

remoteurl = "%s/%s" % (url,po.remote_path)

syscmd = "axel -a -n %s %s -o %s" % (connnum,remoteurl,local)

conduit.info(2, "Execute axel cmd:\n%s" % syscmd)

os.system(syscmd)

time.sleep(2)

if os.path.exists(local+".st"):

conduit.info(2,"axel exit by exception,let's try another mirror")

if cleanOnException:

conduit.info(2,"because cleanOnException is set to 1,we do remove key file first")

os.system(rmcmd)

continue

elif not os.path.exists(local):#this mirror may not update yet

continue

else:

ret = True

preffermirror=url

break

if not ret:

conduit.info (2,"try to run rm cmd:%s" % rmcmd)

os.system(rmcmd)

EOF

${SUDO} mv ${tmp_file} /usr/lib/yum-plugins/axelget.py

# popd

}

# modify varible value of file callback function

function modify_varible_value_of_file_cb() {

if [ "$#" -lt 3 ] ;then

echo "too less arguments"

exit 1

# echo $*

local filename=$1

local variable=$2

local value=$3

local res=$(cat ${filename}| sed -n "/^${variable}/p")

if [ "x${res}" == "x" ] ;then

#append variable and value to file

${SUDO} sed -i "/^enable[d]\?[ ]\?=[ ]\?1/ a ${variable}=${value}" ${filename}

else

#modify variable and value to file

${SUDO} sed -i "/^${variable}[ ]\?=/ s;${variable}.*$;${variable}=${value};" ${filename}

}

function check_yum_conf_enable_plugins() {

local yum_conf=$(cat /etc/yum.conf| sed -n '/^plugins[ ]\?=[ ]\?1/p')

if [ "x${yum_conf}" != "x" ] ;then

return

else

# yum_conf_enable_plugins /etc/yum.conf

modify_varible_value_of_file_cb /etc/yum.conf plugins 1

}

function backup_yum_repos_d_files() {

local backup_dir=/etc/yum.repos.d/repos.old.$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)

${SUDO} mkdir -p ${backup_dir}

if [ "x$?" != "x0" ] ;then

return

# pushd /etc/yum.repos.d

for file in $(ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ | sed -n '/repo$/p') ;

if [ -f "/etc/yum.repos.d/${file}" ] ;then

${SUDO} cp /etc/yum.repos.d/${file} ${backup_dir}

done

# popd

}

function create_local_repo_DVD() {

if [ -f CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso ] ;then

${SUDO} mkdir /media/_local_repo_DVD1

${SUDO} mount -o loop -t iso9660 CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /media/_local_repo_DVD1

if [ -f CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD2.iso ] ;then

${SUDO} mkdir /media/_local_repo_DVD2

${SUDO} mount -o loop -t iso9660 CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD2.iso /media/_local_repo_DVD2

local tmp_file=$(mktemp)

${SUDO} cat > ${tmp_file} << EOF

[_local_repo_DVD]

name=CentOS-\$releasever - Media

baseurl=file:/var/lib/yum/plugins/local

file:///media/CentOS/

file:///mnt/cdrom/

file:///media/cdrecorder/

file:///media/_local_repo_DVD1

file:///media/_local_repo_DVD2

enabled=0

priority=9

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

EOF

${SUDO} mv ${tmp_file} /etc/yum.repos.d/_local_repo_DVD.repo

}

function create_maintain_script() {

return #no need to create the script

local tmp_file=$(mktemp)

${SUDO} cat > ${tmp_file} << EOF

#! /bin/bash

read -p "backup or restore ? " select

if [[ "x\${select}" == "xbk" ]] ;then

for file in \$(ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ | sed -n '/repo$/p')

sudo mv \${file} \${file}.backup

done

elif [[ "x\${select}" == "xrs" ]] ;then

for file in \$(ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ | sed -n '/backup$/p')

sudo mv \${file} \${file%.backup*}

done

else

echo "Invalid option "

EOF

${SUDO} mv ${tmp_file} /etc/yum.repos.d/_backup_restore.sh

}

# add adobe repo

function yum_add_adobe_repo() {

if [ "x${PLAT_ARCH}" == "xx86_64" ] ;then

#64bit#

${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/linux/x86_64/adobe-release-x86_64-1.0-1.noarch.rpm

else

#32bit#

${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/linux/i386/adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm

${SUDO} rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-adobe-linux

# set adobe-linux-x86_64.repo priority=10

local repo_file=/etc/yum.repos.d/adobe-linux-${PLAT_ARCH}.repo

modify_varible_value_of_file_cb ${repo_file} priority 10

${SUDO} yum install flash-plugin

}

# add atomic repo

function yum_add_atomic_repo() {

${SUDO} wget http://www.atomicorp.com/installers/atomic #download

${SUDO} chmod a+x ./atomic

yes " " | sudo sh ./atomic #install

${SUDO} rm -f ./atomic

}

# add epel repo

function yum_add_epel_repo() {

#if [ "${PLAT_ARCH}" == "xx86_64" ] ;then

##64bit:#

#${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

#else

##32bit#

#${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

#fi

${SUDO} yum install epel-release

${SUDO} rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

}

# add rpmforge repo

function yum_add_rpmforge_repo() {

# download from http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/

if [ "x${PLAT_ARCH}" == "xx86_64" ] ;then

#64bit#

${SUDO} wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm

else

#32bit#

${SUDO} wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.i686.rpm

${SUDO} rpm --import http://apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt

${SUDO} rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.*.rpm

${SUDO} rm -f rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf*.rpm

}

# add rpmfusion repo which includes many multimedia libs

function yum_add_rpmfusion_repo() {

if [ "x${PLAT_ARCH}" == "xx86_64" ] ;then

#64bit

${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/updates/6/x86_64/rpmfusion-free-release-6-1.noarch.rpm

${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/el/updates/6/x86_64/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-6-1.noarch.rpm

else

#32bit

${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/updates/6/i386/rpmfusion-free-release-6-1.noarch.rpm

${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/el/updates/6/i386/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-6-1.noarch.rpm

}

function yum_add_nux_dextop_repo() {

if [ "x${PLAT_ARCH}" == "xx86_64" ] ;then

#64bit

${SUDO} rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el6/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-2.el6.nux.noarch.rpm

else

#32bit

${SUDO} rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el6/i386/nux-dextop-release-0-2.el6.nux.noarch.rpm

# ${SUDO} rm -f nux-dextop-release*.rpm

modify_varible_value_of_file_cb nux-dextop.repo enable 1

}

function setup_yum_repos_priority() {

# pushd /etc/yum.repos.d/

REPO_FILE_LIST=" CentOS-Base.repo atomic.repo epel.repo epel-testing.repo nux-dextop.repo rpmforge.repo rpmfusion-free-updates.repo "

repo_priority_num=1

for file in ${REPO_FILE_LIST}

file=/etc/yum.repos.d/${file}

if [ -f "${file}" ] ;then

echo "updating ${file} ..."

modify_varible_value_of_file_cb ${file} priority XXX

else

continue

for ((i=0; i<5; i++)) ;

let prn=${repo_priority_num}+${i}

# echo ${repo_priority_num} ${prn}

${SUDO} sed "1, /^priority=XXX/ {/^priority=XXX/ s/priority=.*$/priority=${prn}/}" -i ${file}

done

let repo_priority_num+=5

done

# popd

}

function rebuild_yum_cache() {

${SUDO} yum clean all

${SUDO} yum makecache

}

function install_and_setup_yum_plugins() {

yum_plugins_installation

# yum_axel_plugin_install

}

function enable_and_backup_repos() {

check_yum_conf_enable_plugins

backup_yum_repos_d_files

}

function add_extra_repos() {

create_local_repo_DVD

# create_maintain_script

yum_add_adobe_repo

# yum_add_atomic_repo

yum_add_epel_repo

yum_add_nux_dextop_repo

yum_add_rpmforge_repo

yum_add_rpmfusion_repo

yum_axel_plugin_install

}

function setup_priority_and_rebuild_cache() {

setup_yum_repos_priority

rebuild_yum_cache

}

check_yum_install_env

install_and_setup_yum_plugins

enable_and_backup_repos

add_extra_repos

setup_priority_and_rebuild_cache

///

=========================================================================

YUM錯誤conflicts with file from package的解決辦法

YUM一堆錯誤,是64位的包和32位的包沖突.

YUM錯誤conflicts with file from package的解決辦法,先卸載有沖突的軟件包,如下是 yum -y remove subversion 然后再重新YUM就OK了.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Finished Transaction Test

Transaction Check Error:

file /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp/psvn.el from install of subversion-1.4.6-jason.1.i386 conflicts with file from package subversion-1.4.2-4.el5_3.1.x86_64

file /usr/share/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/subversion.mo from install of subversion-1.4.6-jason.1.i386 conflicts with file from package subversion-1.4.2-4.el5_3.1.x86_64

file /usr/share/locale/it/LC_MESSAGES/subversion.mo from install of subversion-1.4.6-jason.1.i386 conflicts with file from package subversion-1.4.2-4.el5_3.1.x86_64

file /usr/share/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/subversion.mo from install of subversion-1.4.6-jason.1.i386 conflicts with file from package subversion-1.4.2-4.el5_3.1.x86_64

file /usr/share/locale/ko/LC_MESSAGES/subversion.mo from install of subversion-1.4.6-jason.1.i386 conflicts with file from package subversion-1.4.2-4.el5_3.1.x86_64

file /usr/share/locale/nb/LC_MESSAGES/subversion.mo from install of subversion-1.4.6-jason.1.i386 conflicts with file from package subversion-1.4.2-4.el5_3.1.x86_64

file /usr/share/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/subversion.mo from install of subversion-1.4.6-jason.1.i386 conflicts with file from package subversion-1.4.2-4.el5_3.1.x86_64

file /usr/share/xemacs/site-packages/lisp/psvn.el from install of subversion-1.4.6-jason.1.i386 conflicts with file from package subversion-1.4.2-4.el5_3.1.x86_64

Error Summary

-------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

正當高興的時候,發現yum安裝webmin的時候還是有錯誤:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Finished Transaction Test

FATAL - 2010-11-28 15:51:02 - Fatal Error Occurred: Something went wrong during installation: 0

FATAL - 2010-11-28 15:51:03 - Cannot continue installation.

FATAL - 2010-11-28 15:51:03 - Attempting to remove virtualmin repository configuration,so the installation can be

FATAL - 2010-11-28 15:51:03 - re-attempted after any problems have been resolved.

FATAL - 2010-11-28 15:51:03 - Removing temporary directory and files.

FATAL - 2010-11-28 15:51:03 - If you are unsure of what went wrong,you may wish to review the log

FATAL - 2010-11-28 15:51:03 - in /root/virtualmin-install.log

------------------------------------------------------------------------

看日志發現,yum更新的時候有重復的32位和64位的包:

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

================================================================================

Installing:

dovecot x86_64 1.0.7-7.el5 base 1.7 M

httpd i386 2.2.16-jason.1 utterramblings 3.0 M

httpd x86_64 1:2.2.3-43.3.vm virtualmin 1.2 M

mailman x86_64 3:2.1.9-4.el5 base 9.8 M

mod_dav_svn x86_64 1.4.2-4.el5_3.1 base 70 k

mod_dav_svn i386 1.4.6-jason.1 utterramblings 201 k

mod_perl x86_64 2.0.4-6.el5 base 4.0 M

mod_perl i386 2.0.4-7.jason.2 utterramblings 5.4 M

系統是64位的,所以很明顯utterramblings 的yum源32位是有問題的. 我們需要刪除這個utterramblings源.

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

# mv utterrambling.repo utterrambling.repo.del

然后我們yum重新安裝virtualmin,終於一切正常了

yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm

yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.i686.rpm

yum-plugin-aliases-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm

yum-plugin-changelog-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm

yum-plugin-downloadonly-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm

yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm

yum-plugin-security-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm

yum-plugin-tmprepo-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm

yum-plugin-verify-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm

yum-plugin-versionlock-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm

yum-presto-0.6.2-1.el6.noarch.rpm

yum-utils-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm

荀哲

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linux6 安装yum源文件,CentOS 6.6 yum源完全配置

本文來自Q群52240781一 yum 簡介yum,是"Yellow dog Updater,Modified"的簡稱,是杜克大學為了提高RPM軟件包安裝性而開發的一種軟件包管理器. 起初是由yellow dog這一發行版的開發者Terra Soft研發,用python寫成,那時還叫做yup(yellow dog updater),后經杜克大學的Linux@Duke開發團隊進行改進,遂有此名. ...
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