c语言人脸检测,基于openCV实现人脸检测

openCV的人脸识别主要通过Haar分类器实现，当然，这是在已有训练数据的基础上。openCV安装在 opencv/opencv/sources/data/haarcascades_cuda(或haarcascades)中存在预先训练好的物体检测器(xml格式)，包括正脸、侧脸、眼睛、微笑、上半身、下半身、全身等。

openCV的的Haar分类器是一个监督分类器，首先对图像进行直方图均衡化并归一化到同样大小，然后标记里面是否包含要监测的物体。它首先由Paul Viola和Michael Jones设计，称为Viola Jones检测器。Viola Jones分类器在级联的每个节点中使用AdaBoost来学习一个高检测率低拒绝率的多层树分类器。它使用了以下一些新的特征：

1. 使用类Haar输入特征：对矩形图像区域的和或者差进行阈值化。

2. 积分图像技术加速了矩形区域的45°旋转的值的计算，用来加速类Haar输入特征的计算。

3. 使用统计boosting来创建两类问题(人脸和非人脸)的分类器节点(高通过率，低拒绝率)

4. 把弱分类器节点组成筛选式级联。即，第一组分类器最优，能通过包含物体的图像区域，同时允许一些不包含物体通过的图像通过；第二组分

类器次优分类器，也是有较低的拒绝率；以此类推。也就是说，对于每个boosting分类器，只要有人脸都能检测到，同时拒绝一小部分非人脸，并将其传给下一个分类器，是为低拒绝率。以此类推，最后一个分类器将几乎所有的非人脸都拒绝掉，只剩下人脸区域。只要图像区域通过了整个级联，则认为里面有物体。

此技术虽然适用于人脸检测，但不限于人脸检测，还可用于其他物体的检测，如汽车、飞机等的正面、侧面、后面检测。在检测时，先导入训练好的参数文件，其中haarcascade_frontalface_alt2.xml对正面脸的识别效果较好haarcascade_profileface.xml对侧脸的检测效果较好。当然，如果要达到更高的分类精度，可以收集更多的数据进行训练，这是后话。

以下代码基本实现了正脸、眼睛、微笑、侧脸的识别，若要添加其他功能，可以自行调整。

// faceDetector.h

// This is just the face, eye, smile, profile detector from OpenCV's samples/c directory

//

/* *************** License:**************************

Jul. 18, 2016

Author: Liuph

Right to use this code in any way you want without warranty, support or any guarantee of it working.

OTHER OPENCV SITES:

* The source code is on sourceforge at:

http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/

* The OpenCV wiki page (As of Oct 1, 2008 this is down for changing over servers, but should come back):

http://opencvlibrary.sourceforge.net/

* An active user group is at:

http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/OpenCV/

* The minutes of weekly OpenCV development meetings are at:

http://pr.willowgarage.com/wiki/OpenCV

************************************************** */

#include "cv.h"

#include "highgui.h"

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

using namespace std;

static CvMemStorage* storage = 0;

static CvHaarClassifierCascade* cascade = 0;

static CvHaarClassifierCascade* nested_cascade = 0;

static CvHaarClassifierCascade* smile_cascade = 0;

static CvHaarClassifierCascade* profile = 0;

int use_nested_cascade = 0;

void detect_and_draw( IplImage* image );

/* The path that stores the trained parameter files.

After openCv is installed, the file path is

"opencv/opencv/sources/data/haarcascades_cuda" or "opencv/opencv/sources/data/haarcascades" */

const char* cascade_name =

"../faceDetect/haarcascade_frontalface_alt2.xml";

const char* nested_cascade_name =

"../faceDetect/haarcascade_eye_tree_eyeglasses.xml";

const char* smile_cascade_name =

"../faceDetect/haarcascade_smile.xml";

const char* profile_name =

"../faceDetect/haarcascade_profileface.xml";

double scale = 1;

int faceDetector(const char* imageName, int nNested, int nSmile, int nProfile)

{

CvCapture* capture = 0;

IplImage *frame, *frame_copy = 0;

IplImage *image = 0;

const char* scale_opt = "--scale=";

int scale_opt_len = (int)strlen(scale_opt);

const char* cascade_opt = "--cascade=";

int cascade_opt_len = (int)strlen(cascade_opt);

const char* nested_cascade_opt = "--nested-cascade";

int nested_cascade_opt_len = (int)strlen(nested_cascade_opt);

const char* smile_cascade_opt = "--smile-cascade";

int smile_cascade_opt_len = (int)strlen(smile_cascade_opt);

const char* profile_opt = "--profile";

int profile_opt_len = (int)strlen(profile_opt);

int i;

const char* input_name = 0;

int opt_num = 7;

char** opts = new char*[7];

opts[0] = "compile_opencv.exe";

opts[1] = "--scale=1";

opts[2] = "--cascade=1";

if (nNested == 1)

opts[3] = "--nested-cascade=1";

else

opts[3] = "--nested-cascade=0";

if (nSmile == 1)

opts[4] = "--smile-cascade=1";

else

opts[4] = "--smile-cascade=0";

if (nProfile == 1)

opts[5] = "--profile=1";

else

opts[5] = "--profile=0";

opts[6] = (char*)imageName;

for( i = 1; i < opt_num; i++ )

{

if( strncmp( opts[i], cascade_opt, cascade_opt_len) == 0)

{

cout<

}

else if( strncmp( opts[i], nested_cascade_opt, nested_cascade_opt_len ) == 0)

{

if( opts[i][nested_cascade_opt_len + 1] == '1')

{

cout<

nested_cascade = (CvHaarClassifierCascade*)cvLoad( nested_cascade_name, 0, 0, 0 );

}

if( !nested_cascade )

fprintf( stderr, "WARNING: Could not load classifier cascade for nested objects\n" );

}

else if( strncmp( opts[i], scale_opt, scale_opt_len ) == 0 )

{

cout<< "scale: "<< scale<

if( !sscanf( opts[i] + scale_opt_len, "%lf", &scale ) || scale < 1 )

scale = 1;

}

else if (strncmp( opts[i], smile_cascade_opt, smile_cascade_opt_len ) == 0)

{

if( opts[i][smile_cascade_opt_len + 1] == '1')

{

cout<

smile_cascade = (CvHaarClassifierCascade*)cvLoad( smile_cascade_name, 0, 0, 0 );

}

if( !smile_cascade )

fprintf( stderr, "WARNING: Could not load classifier cascade for smile objects\n" );

}

else if (strncmp( opts[i], profile_opt, profile_opt_len ) == 0)

{

if( opts[i][profile_opt_len + 1] == '1')

{

cout<

profile = (CvHaarClassifierCascade*)cvLoad( profile_name, 0, 0, 0 );

}

if( !profile )

fprintf( stderr, "WARNING: Could not load classifier cascade for profile objects\n" );

}

else if( opts[i][0] == '-' )

{

fprintf( stderr, "WARNING: Unknown option %s\n", opts[i] );

}

else

{

input_name = imageName;

printf("input_name: %s\n", imageName);

}

}

cascade = (CvHaarClassifierCascade*)cvLoad( cascade_name, 0, 0, 0 );

if( !cascade )

{

fprintf( stderr, "ERROR: Could not load classifier cascade\n" );

fprintf( stderr,

"Usage: facedetect [--cascade=\"\"]\n"

" [--nested-cascade[=\"nested_cascade_path\"]]\n"

" [--scale[=\n"

" [filename|camera_index]\n" );

return -1;

}

storage = cvCreateMemStorage(0);

if( !input_name || (isdigit(input_name[0]) && input_name[1] == '\0') )

capture = cvCaptureFromCAM( !input_name ? 0 : input_name[0] - '0' );

else if( input_name )

{

image = cvLoadImage( input_name, 1 );

if( !image )

capture = cvCaptureFromAVI( input_name );

}

else

image = cvLoadImage( "../lena.jpg", 1 );

cvNamedWindow( "result", 1 );

if( capture )

{

for(;;)

{

if( !cvGrabFrame( capture ))

break;

frame = cvRetrieveFrame( capture );

if( !frame )

break;

if( !frame_copy )

frame_copy = cvCreateImage( cvSize(frame->width,frame->height),

IPL_DEPTH_8U, frame->nChannels );

if( frame->origin == IPL_ORIGIN_TL )

cvCopy( frame, frame_copy, 0 );

else

cvFlip( frame, frame_copy, 0 );

detect_and_draw( frame_copy );

if( cvWaitKey( 10 ) >= 0 )

goto _cleanup_;

}

cvWaitKey(0);

_cleanup_:

cvReleaseImage( &frame_copy );

cvReleaseCapture( &capture );

}

else

{

if( image )

{

detect_and_draw( image );

cvWaitKey(0);

cvReleaseImage( &image );

}

else if( input_name )

{

/* assume it is a text file containing the

list of the image filenames to be processed - one per line */

FILE* f = fopen( input_name, "rt" );

if( f )

{

char buf[1000+1];

while( fgets( buf, 1000, f ) )

{

int len = (int)strlen(buf), c;

while( len > 0 && isspace(buf[len-1]) )

len--;

buf[len] = '\0';

printf( "file %s\n", buf );

image = cvLoadImage( buf, 1 );

if( image )

{

detect_and_draw( image );

c = cvWaitKey(0);

if( c == 27 || c == 'q' || c == 'Q' )

break;

cvReleaseImage( &image );

}

}

fclose(f);

}

}

}

cvDestroyWindow("result");

return 0;

}

void detect_and_draw( IplImage* img )

{

static CvScalar colors[] =

{

{{0,0,255}},

{{0,128,255}},

{{0,255,255}},

{{0,255,0}},

{{255,128,0}},

{{255,255,0}},

{{255,0,0}},

{{255,0,255}}

};

IplImage *gray, *small_img;

int i, j;

gray = cvCreateImage( cvSize(img->width,img->height), 8, 1 );

small_img = cvCreateImage( cvSize( cvRound (img->width/scale),

cvRound (img->height/scale)), 8, 1 );

cvCvtColor( img, gray, CV_BGR2GRAY );

cvResize( gray, small_img, CV_INTER_LINEAR );

cvEqualizeHist( small_img, small_img );

cvClearMemStorage( storage );

if( cascade )

{

double t = (double)cvGetTickCount();

CvSeq* faces = cvHaarDetectObjects( small_img, cascade, storage,

1.1, 2, 0

//|CV_HAAR_FIND_BIGGEST_OBJECT

//|CV_HAAR_DO_ROUGH_SEARCH

|CV_HAAR_DO_CANNY_PRUNING

//|CV_HAAR_SCALE_IMAGE

,

cvSize(30, 30) );

t = (double)cvGetTickCount() - t;

printf( "faces detection time = %gms\n", t/((double)cvGetTickFrequency()*1000.) );

for( i = 0; i < (faces ? faces->total : 0); i++ )

{

CvRect* r = (CvRect*)cvGetSeqElem( faces, i );

CvMat small_img_roi;

CvSeq* nested_objects;

CvSeq* smile_objects;

CvPoint center;

CvScalar color = colors[i%8];

int radius;

center.x = cvRound((r->x + r->width*0.5)*scale);

center.y = cvRound((r->y + r->height*0.5)*scale);

radius = cvRound((r->width + r->height)*0.25*scale);

cvCircle( img, center, radius, color, 3, 8, 0 );

//eye

if( nested_cascade != 0)

{

cvGetSubRect( small_img, &small_img_roi, *r );

nested_objects = cvHaarDetectObjects( &small_img_roi, nested_cascade, storage,

1.1, 2, 0

//|CV_HAAR_FIND_BIGGEST_OBJECT

//|CV_HAAR_DO_ROUGH_SEARCH

//|CV_HAAR_DO_CANNY_PRUNING

//|CV_HAAR_SCALE_IMAGE

,

cvSize(0, 0) );

for( j = 0; j < (nested_objects ? nested_objects->total : 0); j++ )

{

CvRect* nr = (CvRect*)cvGetSeqElem( nested_objects, j );

center.x = cvRound((r->x + nr->x + nr->width*0.5)*scale);

center.y = cvRound((r->y + nr->y + nr->height*0.5)*scale);

radius = cvRound((nr->width + nr->height)*0.25*scale);

cvCircle( img, center, radius, color, 3, 8, 0 );

}

}

//smile

if (smile_cascade != 0)

{

cvGetSubRect( small_img, &small_img_roi, *r );

smile_objects = cvHaarDetectObjects( &small_img_roi, smile_cascade, storage,

1.1, 2, 0

//|CV_HAAR_FIND_BIGGEST_OBJECT

//|CV_HAAR_DO_ROUGH_SEARCH

//|CV_HAAR_DO_CANNY_PRUNING

//|CV_HAAR_SCALE_IMAGE

,

cvSize(0, 0) );

for( j = 0; j < (smile_objects ? smile_objects->total : 0); j++ )

{

CvRect* nr = (CvRect*)cvGetSeqElem( smile_objects, j );

center.x = cvRound((r->x + nr->x + nr->width*0.5)*scale);

center.y = cvRound((r->y + nr->y + nr->height*0.5)*scale);

radius = cvRound((nr->width + nr->height)*0.25*scale);

cvCircle( img, center, radius, color, 3, 8, 0 );

}

}

}

}

if( profile )

{

double t = (double)cvGetTickCount();

CvSeq* faces = cvHaarDetectObjects( small_img, profile, storage,

1.1, 2, 0

//|CV_HAAR_FIND_BIGGEST_OBJECT

//|CV_HAAR_DO_ROUGH_SEARCH

|CV_HAAR_DO_CANNY_PRUNING

//|CV_HAAR_SCALE_IMAGE

,

cvSize(30, 30) );

t = (double)cvGetTickCount() - t;

printf( "profile faces detection time = %gms\n", t/((double)cvGetTickFrequency()*1000.) );

for( i = 0; i < (faces ? faces->total : 0); i++ )

{

CvRect* r = (CvRect*)cvGetSeqElem( faces, i );

CvMat small_img_roi;

CvSeq* nested_objects;

CvSeq* smile_objects;

CvPoint center;

CvScalar color = colors[(7-i)%8];

int radius;

center.x = cvRound((r->x + r->width*0.5)*scale);

center.y = cvRound((r->y + r->height*0.5)*scale);

radius = cvRound((r->width + r->height)*0.25*scale);

cvCircle( img, center, radius, color, 3, 8, 0 );

//eye

if( nested_cascade != 0)

{

cvGetSubRect( small_img, &small_img_roi, *r );

nested_objects = cvHaarDetectObjects( &small_img_roi, nested_cascade, storage,

1.1, 2, 0

//|CV_HAAR_FIND_BIGGEST_OBJECT

//|CV_HAAR_DO_ROUGH_SEARCH

//|CV_HAAR_DO_CANNY_PRUNING

//|CV_HAAR_SCALE_IMAGE

,

cvSize(0, 0) );

for( j = 0; j < (nested_objects ? nested_objects->total : 0); j++ )

{

CvRect* nr = (CvRect*)cvGetSeqElem( nested_objects, j );

center.x = cvRound((r->x + nr->x + nr->width*0.5)*scale);

center.y = cvRound((r->y + nr->y + nr->height*0.5)*scale);

radius = cvRound((nr->width + nr->height)*0.25*scale);

cvCircle( img, center, radius, color, 3, 8, 0 );

}

}

//smile

if (smile_cascade != 0)

{

cvGetSubRect( small_img, &small_img_roi, *r );

smile_objects = cvHaarDetectObjects( &small_img_roi, smile_cascade, storage,

1.1, 2, 0

//|CV_HAAR_FIND_BIGGEST_OBJECT

//|CV_HAAR_DO_ROUGH_SEARCH

//|CV_HAAR_DO_CANNY_PRUNING

//|CV_HAAR_SCALE_IMAGE

,

cvSize(0, 0) );

for( j = 0; j < (smile_objects ? smile_objects->total : 0); j++ )

{

CvRect* nr = (CvRect*)cvGetSeqElem( smile_objects, j );

center.x = cvRound((r->x + nr->x + nr->width*0.5)*scale);

center.y = cvRound((r->y + nr->y + nr->height*0.5)*scale);

radius = cvRound((nr->width + nr->height)*0.25*scale);

cvCircle( img, center, radius, color, 3, 8, 0 );

}

}

}

}

cvShowImage( "result", img );

cvReleaseImage( &gray );

cvReleaseImage( &small_img );

}

//main.cpp

//openCV配置

//附加包含目录: include, include/opencv, include/opencv2

//附加库目录: lib

//附加依赖项: debug:--> opencv_calib3d243d.lib;...;

// release:--> opencv_calib3d243.lib;...;

#include

#include

#include "CV2_compile.h"

#include "CV_compile.h"

#include "face_detector.h"

using namespace cv;

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv)

{

const char* imagename = "../lena.jpg";

faceDetector(imagename,1,0,0);

return 0;

}

调整主函数中faceDetect(const char* imageName, int nNested, int nSmile, int nProfile)函数中的参数，分别表示图像文件名，是否检测眼睛，是否检测微笑，是否检测侧脸。以检测正脸、眼睛为例：

再来看一张合影。

========华丽丽的分割线==========

如果对分类器的参数不满意，或者说想识别其他的物体例如车、人、飞机、苹果等等等等，只需要选择适当的样本训练，获取该物体的各个方面的参数，训练过程可以通过openCV的haartraining实现(参考haartraining参考文档，opencv/apps/traincascade)，主要包括个步骤：

1. 收集打算学习的物体数据集(如正面人脸图，侧面汽车图等， 1000~10000个正样本为宜)，把它们存储在一个或多个目录下面。

2. 使用createsamples来建立正样本的向量输出文件，通过这个文件可以重复训练过程，使用同一个向量输出文件尝试各种参数。

3. 获取负样本，即不包含该物体的图像。

4. 训练。命令行实现。

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。