lishell中截取字符串的方法很多
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li
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{var##/}
{var%%/}
{var:start}
{var:0-start}
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下面用几个例子展示一下:
1) 获得字符串的长度
语法:
${#var}
示例代码:
str="http://www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string"
echo "string : [
{#str} echo "length : [${length}]"
执行结果:
string : [http://www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string]
length : [61]
2) 使用 # 和 ## 获取尾部子字符串
2.1) # 最小限度从前面截取word
语法:
${parameter#word}
示例代码:
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str="http://www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string"
echo "string : [
{str#*/} echo "substr : [${substr}]"
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执行结果:
string : [http://www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string]
substr : [/www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string]
2.2) ## 最大限度从前面截取word
语法:
${parameter##word}
示例代码:
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str="http://www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string"
echo "string : [
{str##*/} echo "substr : [${substr}]"
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执行结果:
string : [http://www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string]
substr : [shell-truncating-string]
3) 使用 % 和 %% 获取头部子字符串
3.1) % 最小限度从后面截取word
语法:
${parameter%word}
示例代码:
str="http://www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string"
echo "string : [
{str%/*}
echo "substr : [${substr}]"
执行结果:
string : [http://www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string]
substr : [http://www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog]
3.2) %% 最大限度从后面截取word
语法:
${parameter%%word}
示例代码:
str="http://www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string"
echo "string : [
{str%%/*}
echo "substr : [${substr}]"
执行结果:
string : [http://www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string]
substr : [http:]
4)使用 ${var:} 模式获取子字符串
4.1) 指定从左边第几个字符开始以及子串中字符的个数
语法:
${var:start:len}
示例代码:
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str="http://www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string"
echo "string : [
{str:0:7} echo "substr : [${substr}]"
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执行结果:
string : [http://www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string]
substr : [http://]
4.2) 从左边第几个字符开始一直到结束
语法:
${var:7}
示例代码:
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str="http://www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string"
echo "string : [
{str:7} echo "substr : [${substr}]"
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执行结果:
string : [http://www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string]
substr : [www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string]
4.3) 从右边第几个字符开始以及字符的个数
语法:
${var:0-start:len}
示例代码:
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str="http://www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string"
echo "string : [
{str:0-23:5} echo "substr : [${substr}]"
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执行结果:
string : [http://www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string]
substr : [shell]
4.4) 从右边第几个字符开始一直到结束
语法:
${var:0-start}
示例代码:
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str="http://www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string"
echo "string : [
{str:0-6} echo "substr : [${substr}]"
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执行结果:
string : [http://www.fengbohello.xin3e.com/blog/shell-truncating-string]
substr : [string]