一、Filter过滤链
web.xml配置了filter过滤器,在容器启动的时候执行了init()方法进行了初始化,然后在容器关闭的时候执行了destroy()方法销毁过滤器,在每次服务器接受请求的时候每次都会先过一遍过滤器,如果有合适的过滤器就会执行相应过滤器的doFilter方法。
doFilter方法有3个参数 ServletRequest、ServletResponse、FilterChain;前两个分别是请求和返回对象,为的是过滤后还能够进行请求或转发。FilterChain是一个过滤链,他包含了相同过滤条件的所有过滤器,例如:
类似这种相同匹配模式的过滤器会存在于同一个过滤链中,然后按照初始化的先后顺一次排列,实现逐层过滤。其中filterChain中有个doFilter方法,他的作用是将当前请求转发给过滤链中的下一个过滤器进行过滤,然后将过滤结果,只有等待下一个过滤器执行过滤完成后才能继续执行。该执行过程类似如下图:
如上图,通过过滤链逐层执行过滤就像一层嵌套,一层套一层,如果过滤链中只有一个过滤器(或者执行到最后一个)的话,执行了chain.doFilter()他会直接将请求转发出去,获取request resource资源,因为从始至终都是同一个request和response在传递,所以每次过滤都可以修改请求或返回结果,实现了过滤修改的目的。
代码实例:(只贴主要代码)
ResponseFilter.java
1 public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throwsIOException, ServletException {2 CustomResponseWrapper customResponseWrapper = newCustomResponseWrapper((HttpServletResponse) servletResponse);3 System.out.println("ResponseFilter 执行前");4 filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,customResponseWrapper);//执行下一层过滤
5 System.out.println("ResponseFilter 执行后");6 }7 }
SecondFilter.java
1 public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throwsIOException, ServletException {2 System.out.println("Second doFilter执行前");3 filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);//这是最后一层过滤器,会直接请求resource
4 System.out.println("Second doFilter执行后");5 }
web.xml (两个过滤器使用了相同的匹配模式‘/*’,所以会处于同一过滤链中)
1
2 ResponseFilter
3 filter.ResponseFilter
4
5
6 ResponseFilter
7 /*
8
9
10 SecondFilter
11 filter.SecondFilter
12
13
14 SecondFilter
15 /*
16
执行结果:
从执行结果并结合以上分析可以很清楚的看出doFilter的执行顺序
二、通过Filter过滤器实现对response内容的修改
CustomPrintWriter.java (重写PrintWriter方法)
1 public class CustomPrintWriter extendsPrintWriter{2 privateStringBuilder buffer;3
4 publicCustomPrintWriter(Writer out) {5 super(out);6 buffer = newStringBuilder();7 }8
9 @Override10 public void write(char[] buf, int off, intlen) {11 char[] dest = new char[len];12 System.arraycopy(buf,off,dest,0,len);//深复制字符数组
13 buffer.append(dest);14 }15
16 publicString getContent() {17 returnbuffer.toString();18 }19 }
CustomResponseWrapper.java (重写HttpServletResponseWrapper方法)
1 public class CustomResponseWrapper extendsHttpServletResponseWrapper{2 privateCustomPrintWriter customPrintWriter;3
4 publicCustomResponseWrapper(HttpServletResponse response) {5 super(response);6 }7
8 @Override9 public PrintWriter getWriter() throwsIOException {10 customPrintWriter = new CustomPrintWriter(super.getWriter());11 returncustomPrintWriter;12 }13
14 publicCustomPrintWriter getCustomPrintWriter() {15 returncustomPrintWriter;16 }17 }
ResponseFilter.java (过滤器)
1 public class ResponseFilter implementsFilter{2 public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throwsServletException {}3
4 public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throwsIOException, ServletException {5 CustomResponseWrapper customResponseWrapper = newCustomResponseWrapper((HttpServletResponse) servletResponse);6 filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,customResponseWrapper);//转发请求获取请求返回结果
7 CustomPrintWriter writer = customResponseWrapper.getCustomPrintWriter();//获取请求的返回结果
8 if(writer != null){9 String content =writer.getContent();10 /**
11 * 在不修改jsp源码的情况下修改展示内容12 */
13 content = content.replace("XXX", LoginCheckServlet.username);14 servletResponse.getWriter().write(content);15 }16 }17
18 public voiddestroy() {}19 }