如何优雅的使用枚举类型,可以这样做！

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于 2024-08-06 02:18:24 发布

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使用枚举有时候会给我们带来了一些困扰：

前端展示数据，需要将枚举转成用户可读的数据显示。

代码中的枚举类型要存储数据库得转成数值类型。

那么本文介绍一种自动转换方案，大大方便前后端使用枚举类型

我们以用户状态为例，用户有两种状态：禁用和启用

如何优雅的使用枚举类型,可以这样做！_自动转换

如何优雅的使用枚举类型,可以这样做！_User_02

第一步创建统一的枚举基类BaseEnum

public interface BaseEnum {
    int getCode();
    String getName();
    String getEnumName();
    static <T extends BaseEnum> T getInstance(Class<T> clazz, String value) {
        T[] constants = clazz.getEnumConstants();
        for (T t : constants) {
            if(StrUtil.isNumeric(value)){
                if (t.getCode() == Integer.parseInt(value)) {
                    return t;
                }
            }else {
                if (t.getEnumName().equals(value)) {
                    return t;
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
}

第二步创建用户状态类StatusEnum实现BaseEnum接口

public enum StatusEnum implements BaseEnum {
    ENABLE(0,"启用"),
    DISABLE(1,"禁用");
    @EnumValue
    private int code;
    private String name;
    StatusEnum(int code, String name) {
        this.code = code;
        this.name=name;
    }
    @Override
    public int getCode() {
        return code;
    }
    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    @Override
    public String getEnumName() {
        return this.name();
    }
}

BaseEnum主要有三个方法

getCode()获取枚举的数值如“0、1”;
getName()获取枚举显示值如“禁用、启用” ;
getEnumName()获取枚举的枚举值如“ENABLE、DISABLE”.

第三步创建用户类User用户状态使用StatusEnum类

@Data
@TableName("user")
public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String userName;
    private StatusEnum status;
}

前后端相互转换

当前端查询用户时，我们希望将枚举的三个属性都返回给前端，前端页面显示时取status.name代码中使用status.enum或者status.code

{
  "id": 3581209395268,
  "userName": "test2@8531.cn",
  "status": {
    "name": "禁用",
    "enum": "DISABLE",
    "code": 1
  }
}

为了达到将枚举序列化成一个json对象，我们需要自定义序列化器和反序列化器，以下以SpringBoot自带的Jackson为例：

public class BaseEnumSerializer extends StdSerializer<BaseEnum> {
    public BaseEnumSerializer() {
        this(null);
    }
    public BaseEnumSerializer(Class<BaseEnum> t) {
        super(t);
    }
    @Override
    public void serialize(BaseEnum value, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider provider) throws IOException {
        gen.writeStartObject();
        gen.writeStringField("name",value.getName());
        gen.writeStringField("enum",value.getEnumName());
        gen.writeNumberField("code",value.getCode());
        gen.writeEndObject();;
    }
}
public class BaseEnumDeserializer<T extends BaseEnum> extends StdDeserializer<T> {
    private Class<T> type;
    public BaseEnumDeserializer() {
        this(null);
    }
    public BaseEnumDeserializer(Class<T> vc) {
        super(vc);
        type = vc;
    }
    @Override
    public T deserialize(JsonParser p, DeserializationContext ctxt) throws IOException {
        return BaseEnum.getInstance(type, p.getText());
    }
}

如何优雅的使用枚举类型,可以这样做！_User_03

'public class NumBaseEnumConverterFactory implements ConverterFactory<Number, BaseEnum> {
    @Override
    public <T extends BaseEnum> Converter<Number, T> getConverter(Class<T> aClass) {
        return new NumberToEnumConverter<>(aClass);
    }
    private final class NumberToEnumConverter<T extends BaseEnum> implements Converter<Number, T> {
        private Class<T> enumType;
        public NumberToEnumConverter(Class<T> enumType) {
            this.enumType = enumType;
        }
        @Override
        public T convert(Number s) {
            return BaseEnum.getInstance(enumType,s.toString());
        }
    }
}

public class StrBaseEnumConverterFactory implements ConverterFactory<String, BaseEnum> {
    @Override
    public <T extends BaseEnum> Converter<String, T> getConverter(Class<T> aClass) {
        return new StringToEnumConverter<>(aClass);
    }
    private final class StringToEnumConverter<T extends BaseEnum> implements Converter<String, T> {
        private Class<T> enumType;
        public StringToEnumConverter(Class<T> enumType) {
            this.enumType = enumType;
        }
        @Override
        public T convert(String s) {
            return BaseEnum.getInstance(enumType,s);
        }
    }
}

如何优雅的使用枚举类型,可以这样做！_自动转换_04

@Configuration
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    @Bean
    public ObjectMapper objectMapper() {
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        SimpleModule module = new SimpleModule();
        module.addSerializer(BaseEnum.class, new BaseEnumSerializer());
        module.addDeserializer(BaseEnum.class, new BaseEnumDeserializer<>());
        mapper.registerModule(module);
        mapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
        mapper.setSerializationInclusion(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL);
        return mapper;
    }
     @Override
    public void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry) {
        registry.addConverterFactory(new StrBaseEnumConverterFactory());
        registry.addConverterFactory(new NumBaseEnumConverterFactory());
    }
}

查询用户

如何优雅的使用枚举类型,可以这样做！_User_05

application/json格式传参

如何优雅的使用枚举类型,可以这样做！_自动转换_06

对应JAVA代码：

@RestController
public class UserController {
    @Resource
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @GetMapping("/user/{id}")
    public User getById(@PathVariable Long id) {
        return userMapper.selectById(id);
    }
    
    @PostMapping("/user")
    public User upadteById(@RequestBody User user) {
        userMapper.updateById(user);
        return user;
    }

    @PutMapping("/user")
    public User updateUser(User user) {
        userMapper.updateById(user);
        return user;
    }

    @PutMapping("/user/{id}")
    public User updateUserStatus(@PathVariable Long id,@RequestParam StatusEnum status) {
        User user=userMapper.selectById(id);
        user.setStatus(status);
        userMapper.updateById(user);
        return user;
    }
}