oracle processes 的大小,Oracle中sessions和processes的大小关系（10g和11g不同）

session与process的设置关系

session：指定了一个实例中允许的会话数，即能同时登录到数据库的并发用户数。

process: 指定了一个实例在操作系统级别能同时运行的进程数，包括后台进程与服务器进程。

由上面的分析可知，一个后台进程可能同时对应对个会话，因此通常sessions的值是大于processes的值

从官方文档我们可以查询到以下的信息：

Property

Oracle 10g

Oracle 11g

Parameter type

Integer

Integer

Default value

Derived: (1.1 *PROCESSES) + 5

Derived: (1.5 *PROCESSES) +

22

Modifiable

No

No

Range of values

1 to 231

1 to 216 (which is 1 to 65536)

Basic

Yes

Yes

SESSIONS specifies the

maximum number of sessions that can be created in the system. Because every

login requires a session, this parameter effectively determines the maximum

number of concurrent users in the system. You should always set this parameter

explicitly to a value equivalent to your estimate of the maximum number of

concurrent users, plus the number of background processes, plus approximately

10% for recursive sessions.

Oracle uses the default

value of this parameter as its minimum. Values between 1 and the default do not

trigger errors, but Oracle ignores them and uses the default instead.

The default values of the

ENQUEUE_RESOURCES and TRANSACTIONS parameters are derived from SESSIONS.

Therefore, if you increase the value of SESSIONS, you should consider whether

to adjust the values of ENQUEUE_RESOURCES and TRANSACTIONS as well. (Note that

ENQUEUE_RESOURCES is obsolete as of Oracle Database 10g release 2 (10.2).)

In a shared server

environment, the value of PROCESSES can be quite small. Therefore, Oracle

recommends that you adjust the value of SESSIONS to approximately 1.1 * total

number of connections.

3.1结论

1. sessions的值是根据processes的值计算得到的，一般情况下只需要设置processes的值即可。

2. 在Oracle 10g中，sessions大小的的计算公式为：(1.1 * PROCESSES) + 5；在Oracle 11g中，sessions大小的的计算公式为：(1.5 * PROCESSES) + 22。

3. 若sessions的当前值比计算值大的话，则sessions的值可能保持不变；若sessions的当前值比计算值小的话，则sessions取计算值，即sessions的值总是取MAX(当前值，计算值)，但是这个也不是绝对的。

3.2实验

SYS@lhrdb> COL NAME FORMAT A10

SYS@lhrdb> COL VALUE FORMAT A10

SYS@lhrdb> SELECT A.NAME, A.VALUE

2    FROM V$PARAMETER A

3   WHERE A.NAME IN ('processes',

'sessions');

NAME       VALUE

---------- ----------

processes  100

sessions   176

SYS@lhrdb>  alter system set processes=200

scope=spfile;

System altered.

SYS@lhrdb> STARTUP FORCE

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1720328192 bytes

Fixed

Size

2247072 bytes

Variable

Size

503318112 bytes

Database

Buffers         1207959552 bytes

Redo

Buffers

6803456 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SYS@lhrdb> SELECT A.NAME, A.VALUE

2    FROM V$PARAMETER A

3   WHERE A.NAME IN ('processes',

'sessions');

NAME       VALUE

---------- ----------

processes  200

sessions   328

SYS@lhrdb>

SYS@lhrdb> alter system set processes=50

scope=spfile;

System altered.

SYS@lhrdb>  STARTUP FORCE

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1720328192 bytes

Fixed

Size

2247072 bytes

Variable

Size

503318112 bytes

Database

Buffers         1207959552 bytes

Redo

Buffers

6803456 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SYS@lhrdb> SELECT A.NAME, A.VALUE

2    FROM V$PARAMETER A

3   WHERE A.NAME IN ('processes',

'sessions');

NAME       VALUE

---------- ----------

processes  50

sessions   176

SYS@lhrdb>

SYS@lhrdb>  alter system set

processes=60  scope=spfile;

System altered.

SYS@lhrdb> STARTUP FORCE

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1720328192 bytes

Fixed

Size

2247072 bytes

Variable

Size

452986464 bytes

Database Buffers

1258291200 bytes

Redo

Buffers

6803456 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SYS@lhrdb> SELECT A.NAME, A.VALUE

2    FROM V$PARAMETER A

3   WHERE A.NAME IN ('processes',

'sessions');

NAME       VALUE

---------- ----------

processes  60

sessions   176

3.3报错信息

当数据库连接的并发用户已经达到这个值时，又有新session连进来，就会报错

ORA-00018,"maximum number of sessions

exceeded"

当Oracle需要启动新的process而又已经达到processes参数时，就会报错：

ORA-00020: maximum number of processes (2048)

exceeded

如果数据库上连接被占用完,新的连接过来时,会在客户端产生:"ORA-12519,

TNS:no appropriate service handler found "的报错信息.

[ZFLHRDB2:oracle]:/oracle>oerr ora 12519

12519, 00000, "TNS:no appropriate service

handler found"

// *Cause: The listener could not find any available

service handlers that

// are appropriate for the client connection.

// *Action: Run "lsnrctl services" to

ensure that the instance(s) have

// registered with the listener, and are accepting

connections.

[ZFLHRDB2:oracle]:/oracle>oerr ora 20

00020, 00000, "maximum number of processes (%s)

exceeded"

// *Cause:  All process state objects are in

use.

// *Action: Increase the value of the PROCESSES

initialization parameter.

[ZFLHRDB2:oracle]:/oracle>oerr ora 18

00018, 00000, "maximum number of sessions

exceeded"

// *Cause:  All session state objects are in

use.

// *Action: Increase the value of the SESSIONS

initialization parameter.