1. 登陆进入linux系统,查看当前系统的分区信息,centos查看系统信息

系统

uname -a # 查看内核/操作系统/CPU信息

head -n 1 /etc/issue # 查看操作系统版本

cat /proc/cpuinfo # 查看CPU信息

hostname # 查看计算机名

lspci -tv # 列出所有PCI设备

lsusb -tv # 列出所有USB设备

lsmod # 列出加载的内核模块

env # 查看环境变量

资源

free -m # 查看内存使用量和交换区使用量

df -h # 查看各分区使用情况

du -sh # 查看指定目录的大小

grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo # 查看内存总量

grep MemFree /proc/meminfo # 查看空闲内存量

uptime # 查看系统运行时间、用户数、负载

cat /proc/loadavg # 查看系统负载

磁盘和分区

mount | column -t # 查看挂接的分区状态

fdisk -l # 查看所有分区

swapon -s # 查看所有交换分区

hdparm -i /dev/hda # 查看磁盘参数(仅适用于IDE设备)

dmesg | grep IDE # 查看启动时IDE设备检测状况

网络

ifconfig # 查看所有网络接口的属性

iptables -L # 查看防火墙设置

route -n # 查看路由表

netstat -lntp # 查看所有监听端口

netstat -antp # 查看所有已经建立的连接

netstat -s # 查看网络统计信息

进程

ps -ef # 查看所有进程

top # 实时显示进程状态

用户

w # 查看活动用户

id # 查看指定用户信息

last # 查看用户登录日志

cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd # 查看系统所有用户

cut -d: -f1 /etc/group # 查看系统所有组

crontab -l # 查看当前用户的计划任务

服务

chkconfig --list # 列出所有系统服务

chkconfig --list | grep on # 列出所有启动的系统服务

程序

rpm -qa # 查看所有安装的软件包

查看网卡型号

[root@www.ctohome.com]# lspci | grep Ethernet

00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82567V-2 Gigabit Network Connection

查看内存和cpu最直接最常用的命令：

[root@www.ctohome.com]# free

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 3069504 528876 2540628 0 76648 396152

-/+ buffers/cache: 56076 3013428

Swap: 5124692 0 5124692

[root@www.ctohome.com]# cat /proc/cpuinfo

processor : 0

vendor_id : GenuineIntel

cpu family : 6

model : 23

model name : Pentium(R) Dual-Core CPU E6500 @ 2.93GHz

stepping : 10

cpu MHz : 1596.000

cache size : 2048 KB

查看硬盘信息(查看硬盘型号和硬盘序列号)：

[root@www.ctohome.com]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda5 2.0G 272M 1.6G 15% /

/dev/sda8 199G 188M 189G 1% /home

/dev/sda3 9.7G 1.3G 7.9G 15% /usr

/dev/sda2 9.7G 198M 9.0G 3% /var

/dev/sda1 99M 17M 77M 18% /boot

方法1：

[root@www.ctohome.com]# hdparm -i /dev/sda

/dev/sda:

Model=SAMSUNG HE253GJ , FwRev=1AJ30001, SerialNo= S2B5J90ZC12060

Config={ Fixed }

RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=4

BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=16384kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=?16?

CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=268435455

IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}

PIO modes: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4

DMA modes: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2

UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2

AdvancedPM=yes: disabled (255) WriteCache=enabled

Drive conforms to: unknown: ATA/ATAPI-0 ATA/ATAPI-1 ATA/ATAPI-2 ATA/ATAPI-3 ATA/ATAPI-4 ATA/ATAPI-5 ATA/ATAPI-6 ATA/ATAPI-7

* signifies the current active mode

方法2：

[root@www.ctohome.com]# dmesg | grep ATA

ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf190 ctl 0xf180 bmdma 0xf150 irq 185

ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf170 ctl 0xf160 bmdma 0xf158 irq 185

ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)

ata1.00: ATA-8: SAMSUNG HE253GJ, 1AJ30001, max UDMA/133

ata2: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)

Vendor: ATA Model: SAMSUNG HE253GJ Rev: 1AJ3

ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf130 ctl 0xf120 bmdma 0xf0f0 irq 185

ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf110 ctl 0xf100 bmdma 0xf0f8 irq 185

ata3: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)

ata4: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)

ata5: PATA max UDMA/100 cmd 0xe040 ctl 0xe030 bmdma 0xe000 irq 177

[root@www.ctohome.com]# dmidecode|more

# dmidecode 2.10

SMBIOS 2.4 present.

57 structures occupying 2318 bytes.

Table at 0x000E84B0.

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes

BIOS Information

Vendor: Intel Corp.

Version: GTG4310H.86A.0019.2009.0625.1334

Release Date: 06/25/2009

.....

System Information 服务器品牌

Manufacturer:

Product Name: (没有信息表示非品牌或未识别)

Version:

Serial Number:

UUID: 889BD67E-8D96-11DE-AC40-0013D4D9C9E8

Wake-up Type: Power Switch

SKU Number: Not Specified

Family: Not Specified

Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytes

Base Board Information 主板型号/主板信息

Manufacturer: Intel Corporation

Product Name: DG43GT

Version: AAE62768-300

Serial Number: BTGT9340022N

Processor Information CPU信息/CPU型号/CPU主频

Socket Designation: PROCESSOR

Type: Central Processor

Family: Pentium D

Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corp.

ID: 7A 06 01 00 FF FB EB BF

Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 23, Stepping 10

Version: Pentium(R) Dual-Core CPU E6500 @ 2.93GHz

Voltage: 1.2 V

External Clock: 266 MHz

Max Speed: 4000 MHz

Current Speed: 2931 MHz

Status: Populated, Enabled

Upgrade: Socket LGA775

Cache Information 硬件和CPU缓存情况

Socket Designation: L1-Cache

Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1

Operational Mode: Write Back

Location: Internal

Installed Size: 32 kB

Maximum Size: 32 kB

BIOS Language Information BIOS语言

Installable Languages: 1

en|US|iso8859-1

Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1

Physical Memory Array 主板最大支持内存

Location: System Board Or Motherboard

Use: System Memory

Error Correction Type: None

Maximum Capacity: 16 GB

Error Information Handle: Not Provided

Number Of Devices: 4

Handle 0x002C, DMI type 19, 15 bytes

Memory Array Mapped Address 目前的内存

Starting Address: 0x00000000000

Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFF

Range Size: 4 GB

Physical Array Handle: 0x002B

Partition Width: 0

On Board Device Information 显卡型号

Type: Video

Status: Enabled

Description: Intelr GMA X4500 Video Device

如何确定品牌服务器，不受到忽悠(某日我们买了一台dell品牌服务器，如何确定没有被忽悠呢？)：

[root@www.ctohome.com]# dmidecode|more (如果能看到dell的型号，就可以肯定没错了)

Handle 0x0100, DMI type 1, 27 bytes

System Information

Manufacturer: Dell Inc.

Product Name: PowerEdge T110

Version: Not Specified

Serial Number: J47RBP1

UUID: 4C4C4544-0034-3710-8052-CAC04F425031

Wake-up Type: Power Switch

SKU Number: Not Specified

Family: Not Specified

Handle 0x0200, DMI type 2, 9 bytes

Base Board Information

Manufacturer: Dell Inc.

Product Name: 0V52N7

Version: A02

Serial Number: ..CN708210CD0166.

Asset Tag: Not Specified

Handle 0x0300, DMI type 3, 21 bytes

Chassis Information

Manufacturer: Dell Inc.

Type: Main Server Chassis

Lock: Present

Version: Not Specified

Serial Number: J47RBP1