linux中变量匹配字符,Linux shell if 条件表达式 字符串变量表达式逻辑非

if 语句格式

if  条件

then

Command

else

Command

fi

别忘了这个结尾

If语句忘了结尾fi

if

command

then if

函数

then

条件表达式

if [ -f  file ]

如果文件存在

if [ -d ...   ]

如果目录存在

if [ -s file  ]

如果文件存在且非空

if [ -r file  ]

如果文件存在且可读

if [ -w file  ]

如果文件存在且可写

if [ -x file  ]

如果文件存在且可执行

if [ int1 -eq int2 ]

如果int1等于int2

if [ int1 -ne int2 ]    如果不等于

if [ int1 -ge int2 ]

如果>=

if [ int1 -gt int2 ]

如果>

if [ int1 -le int2 ]

如果<=

if [ int1 -lt int2 ]

如果<

字符串变量表达式

复制代码 代码如下:

If  [ $a = $b ]

如果string1等于string2

字符串允许使用赋值号做等号

if  [ $string1 !=  $string2 ]

如果string1不等于string2

if  [ -n $string  ]

如果string

非空(非0)，返回0(true)

if  [ -z $string  ]

如果string

为空

if  [ $sting ]

如果string 非空，返回0 (和-n类似)

条件表达式引用变量要带$

if [ a = b ] ;then

echo equal

else

echo no equal

fi

[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh

input a:

5

input b:

5

no equal  (等于表达式没比较$a和$b,而是比较和a和b,自然a!=b)

改正：

if [ $a = $b ] ;then

echo equal

else

echo no equal

fi

[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh

input a:

5

input b:

5

equal

-eq  -ne

-lt

-nt只能用于整数，不适用于字符串，字符串等于用赋值号=

[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh

echo -n "input your choice:"

read var

if  [ $var -eq "yes" ]

then

echo $var

fi

[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh

echo "input a:"

read a

echo "input is $a"

if [ $a = 123 ] ; then

echo equal123

fi

[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh

input a:

123

input is 123

equal123

= 作为等于时，其两边都必须加空格，否则失效

等号也是操作符，必须和其他变量，关键字，用空格格开 (等号做赋值号时正好相反，两边不能有空格)

[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input your choice:"

read var

if [ $var="yes" ]

then

echo $var

echo "input is correct"

else

echo $var

echo "input error"

fi

[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input your choice:"

read var

if [ $var = "yes" ]   在等号两边加空格

then

echo $var

echo "input is correct"

else

echo $var

echo "input error"

fi

[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh

input your choice:

y

y

input is correct

[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh

input your choice:

n

input is correct

输错了也走then,都走then,为什么?

因为if把$var="yes"连读成一个变量，而此变量为空，返回1，则走else

[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh

input your choice:

y

y

input error

[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh

input your choice:

no

no

input error

一切正常     If

[  $ANS  ]

等价于  if [ -n

$ANS ]

如果字符串变量非空(then) , 空(else)

echo "input your choice:"

read ANS if [ $ANS ]

then

echo no empty

else

echo empth

fi

[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh

input your choice:

回车

empth

说明“回车”就是空串

[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh

input your choice:

34

no empty

整数条件表达式，大于，小于，shell里没有> 和<

,会被当作尖括号，只有-ge,-gt,-le,lt

[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input a:"

read a

if  [ $a -ge 100 ] ; then

echo 3bit

else

echo 2bit

fi

[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh

input a:

123

3bit

[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh

input a:

20

2bit  整数操作符号-ge,-gt,-le,-lt, 别忘了加

if  test $a  ge 100 ; then

[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh

test.sh: line 4: test: ge: binary operator expected

if  test $a -ge 100 ; then [macg@machome ~]$ sh

test.sh

input a:

123

3bit

逻辑非 !   条件表达式的相反

if [ ! 表达式 ]

if [ ! -d $num ]

如果不存在目录$num

逻辑与 –a

条件表达式的并列

if [ 表达式1  –a

表达式2 ]

逻辑或 -o

条件表达式的或

if [ 表达式1  –o 表达式2 ]

逻辑表达式

表达式与前面的=

!= -d –f –x

-ne -eq -lt等合用

逻辑符号就正常的接其他表达式，没有任何括号(

)，就是并列

if [ -z "$JHHOME" -a -d $HOME/$num ]

注意逻辑与-a与逻辑或-o很容易和其他字符串或文件的运算符号搞混了

最常见的赋值形式，赋值前对=两边的变量都进行评测

左边测变量是否为空，右边测目录(值)是否存在(值是否有效)

复制代码 代码如下:

[macg@mac-home ~]$ vi test.sh

:

echo "input the num:"

read num

echo "input is $num" if [ -z "$JHHOME" -a -d $HOME/$num ]

如果变量$JHHOME为空，且$HOME/$num目录存在

then

JHHOME=$HOME/$num

则赋值

fi

echo "JHHOME is $JHHOME"

-----------------------

[macg@mac-home ~]$ sh test.sh

input the num:

input is ppp

JHHOME is 目录-d $HOME/$num

不存在，所以$JHHOME没被then赋值

[macg@mac-home ~]$ mkdir ppp

[macg@mac-home ~]$ sh test.sh

input the num:

input is p

JHHOME is /home/macg/p

一个-o的例子，其中却揭示了”=”必须两边留空格的问题

echo "input your choice:"

read ANS if [ $ANS="Yes" -o $ANS="yes" -o $ANS="y" -o $ANS="Y"

]

then

ANS="y"

else

ANS="n"

fi

echo $ANS

[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh

input your choice:

y

[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh

input your choice:

no

y

为什么输入不是yes,结果仍是y(走then)

因为=被连读了，成了变量$ANS="Yes"，而变量又为空，所以走else了

[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input your choice:"

read ANS    echo "input your

choice:"

read ANS

if [ $ANS = "Yes" -o $ANS = "yes" -o $ANS = "y" -o $ANS = "Y"

]

then

ANS="y"

else

ANS="n"

fi

echo $ANS

[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh

input your choice:

no

[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh

input your choice:

yes

y

[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh

input your choice:

y

y ===================以  test 条件表达式

作为if条件===================================

if test $num -eq 0

等价于

if [ $num –eq 0 ]

test

表达式,没有 [  ]

if test $num -eq 0

then

echo "try again"

else

echo "good"

fi

man test

[macg@machome ~]$ man test

[(1)

User Commands

[(1) SYNOPSIS

test EXPRESSION

[ EXPRESSION ]

[-n] STRING

the length of STRING is nonzero

-n和直接$str都是非0条件

-z STRING

the length of STRING is zero

STRING1 = STRING2

the strings are equal

STRING1 != STRING2

the strings are not equal

INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2

INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2

INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2

INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to

INTEGER2

INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2

INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2

INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2

INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2

INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2

INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2

INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2

INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2

FILE1 -nt FILE2

FILE1 is newer (modification date) than

FILE2

FILE1 -ot FILE2

FILE1 is older than FILE2

-b FILE

FILE exists and is block special

-c FILE

FILE exists and is character special

-d FILE

FILE exists and is a directory

-e FILE

FILE exists

文件存在

-f FILE

FILE exists and is a regular file

文件存在且是普通文件

-h FILE

FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as

-L)

-L FILE

FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as

-h)

-G FILE

FILE exists and is owned by the effective group

ID

-O FILE

FILE exists and is owned by the effective user

ID

-p FILE

FILE exists and is a named pipe

-s FILE

FILE exists and has a size greater than zero

-S FILE

FILE exists and is a socket

-w FILE

FILE exists and is writable

-x FILE

FILE exists and is executable

最常用的简化if语句

&&

如果是“前面”，则“后面”

复制代码 代码如下:

[ -f /var/run/dhcpd.pid ] && rm

/var/run/dhcpd.pid    检查

文件是否存在，如果存在就删掉

||   如果不是“前面”，则后面

复制代码 代码如下:

[ -z "$1" ] && help

如果第一个参数不存在(-z

字符串长度为0 )

[ "$1" = "-h" ] && help

如果第一个参数是-h,就显示help

例子

复制代码 代码如下:

#!/bin/sh

[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0" ]

&& rm -f

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

cp ifcfg-eth0.bridge

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1" ]

&& rm -f

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1

cp ifcfg-eth1.bridge

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1

[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1" ]

&& rm -f

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1