c语言基础知识字符串,C语言基础知识

/*换行符'\n'，用于输出换行*/

printf("How are you?\n");

printf("I am fine.\n\n");

/*横向跳格符'\t'，使跳到下一个输出区*/

printf("How are you?\t");

printf("I am fine.\n\n");

/*退格符'\b'，使当前的输出位置退一格，即输出的起始位置左移一位*/

printf("How are you?\n");

printf(" \bI am fine.\n\n");

/*回车符'\r'，使当前输出位置回到本行开头*/

printf("I am fine.");

printf("\rHow are you?\n\n");

/*多个转义字符的混合运用*/

printf("note:\na s\ti\b\bk\rp\n");

1.3简单的bool运算

/*定义一个整数类型的变量，用来存放后面算式的值*/

intlogic;

inta= 1;

intb = 2;

intc = 3;

logic =a+b>c&&b<=c;

printf("logic = %d\n", logic);

logic =a>=b+c||b==c;

printf("logic = %d\n", logic);

logic = !(a

printf("logic = %d\n", logic);

getch();

1.4 ++和--总是不清楚

inti, j, k;

intm,n,p;

i= 8;

j = 10;

k = 12;

/*自增在操作数之前*/

m = ++i;

printf("i = %d\n",i);

printf("m = %d\n", m);

/*自减在操作数之后*/

n= j--;

printf("j = %d\n", j);

printf("n = %d\n",n);

/*自增、自减的混合运算*/

p= (++m)*(n++)+(--k);

printf("k = %d\n", k);

printf("p = %d\n",p);

getch();

1.5 与或非一下

/*定义了一个无符号字符型变量，此变量只能用来存储无符号数*/

unsigned charresult;

inta, b, c, d;

a= 2;

b = 4;

c = 6;

d = 8;

/*对变量进行“按位与”操作*/

result=a& c;

printf("result = %d\n",result);

/*对变量进行“按位或”操作*/

result= b | d;

printf("result = %d\n",result);

/*对变量进行“按位异或”操作*/

result=a^ d;

printf("result = %d\n",result);

/*对变量进行“按位取反”操作*/

result= ~a;

printf("result = %d\n",result);

getch();

1.6 左右移

unsigneda, b, c, d;

intn;

a= 64;

n= 2;

/*将操作数a右移(6-n)位*/

b =a>> (6-n);

printf("b = %d\n", b);

/*将操作数a左移n位*/

c =a<

printf("c = %d\n", c);

/*对操作数a进行的混合位运算*/

d = (a>> (n-1)) | (a<< (n+1));

printf("d = %d\n", d);

getch();

1.7 可恨又可爱的指针

/*定义整形指针*/

intbegin=0,end=0;int*p1=0;

const int* p2=0;

int* const p3=&begin;

const int* const p4=&end;begin= 10;

/*让人头晕的赋值*/

p1= &begin;

end= *p1;

*p2=1;//Error

*p3=1;//OK

p2=&end;//ok

p3=&end;//Error

*p4=1//Error

p4=&end;//Error

printf("begin = %d\n",begin);

printf("end = %d\n",end);

/*输出指针中的地址值*/

printf("p 1= %d\n",p1);

printf("&begin = %d\n", &begin);

printf("*p 1= %d\n", *p1);

getch();

1.8 大公约和小公倍

intx,y, num1, num2, temp;

printf("请输入两个正整数：\n");

scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);

if(num1 < num2)

{

temp = num1;

num1 = num2;

num2 = temp;

}

x= num1;

y= num2;

while(y!= 0)

{

temp =x%y;printf("%d\n", temp);

x=y;

y= temp;

}

printf("它们的最大公约数为：%d\n",x);

printf("它们的最小公倍数为：%d\n", num1*num2/x);

getch();

1.9 矩阵转置

voidconvert(intelement[N][N])

{

inti,j,t;

for(i=0;i

for(j=i+1;j

{

t=element[i][j];

element[i][j] =element[j][i];

element[j][i] =t;

}

}

1.10 命令行参数

voidmain(intargc,char*argv[])

{

intdisp,count;

if(argc< 2)

{

printf("You must enter the length of the count\n");

printf("on the command line. Try again\n");

exit(1);/*非正常跳出程序*/

}

if(argc==3 && !strcmp(argv[2],"display"))

disp= 1;

else

disp= 0;

for(count=atoi(argv[1]);count; --count)

if(disp)

printf("%d\n",count);

putchar('\a');/*将产生蜂鸣*/

printf("Down");

getch();

return;

}

1.11 查找字符串原来是这样

intfind_substr(char*s1,char*s2)

{

registerintt;

char*p, *p2;

for(t=0;s1[t];t++)

{

p= &s1[t];

p2=s2;

while(*p2&& *p2==*p)

{

p++;

p2++;

}

if(! *p2)

returnt;

}

return-1;

}

1.12 也算年月日

/*给出年、月、日，计算该日是该年的第几天*/

# include

# include

intsum_day(intmonth,intday);

intleap(intyear);

voidmain()

{

intyear,month,day;

intdays;

printf("请输入日期(年，月，日)：");

scanf("%d, %d, %d", &year, &month, &day);

printf("%d年%d月%d日",year,month,day);

days=sum_day(month,day);/*调用函数sum_day() */

if(leap(year) &&month>=3)/*调用函数leap() */

days=days+ 1;

printf("是该年的第%d天.\n",days);

getch();

}

/*定义静态存储变量并赋初值*/

staticintday_tab[13] = {0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};

intsum_day(intmonth,intday)/*计算日期*/

{

inti;

for(i=1;i

day=day+day_tab[i];

returnday;

}

intleap(intyear)

{

intleap;

leap= (year%4==0&&year%100!=0)||(year%400==0);

returnleap;

}

1.13 插入字符

# include

# include

# include

voidmain()

{

/*声明子函数*/

intbinary(char*ptr[],char*str,intn);/*查找函数声明*/

voidinsert(char*ptr[],char*str,intn,inti);/*插入函数声明*/

char*temp, *ptr1[6];

inti;

printf("请为字符形指针数组赋初值：\n");

for(i=0;i<5;i++)

{

ptr1[i] = (char*)malloc(20);/*为指针分配地址后*/

gets(ptr1[i]);/*输入字符串*/

}

ptr1[5] = (char*)malloc(20);

printf("\n");

printf("original string:\n");

for(i=0;i<5;i++)/*输出指针数组各字符串*/

printf("%s\n",ptr1[i]);

printf("\ninput search string:\n");

temp= (char*)malloc(20);

gets(temp);/*输入被插字符串*/

i=binary(ptr1,temp, 5);/*寻找插入位置i */

printf("i = %d\n",i);

insert(ptr1,temp, 5,i);/*在插入位置i处插入字符串*/

printf("output strings:\n");

for(i=0;i<6;i++)/*输出指针数组的全部字符串*/

printf("%s\n",ptr1[i]);

}

intbinary(char*ptr[],char*str,intn)

{

/*折半查找插入位置*/

inthig,low,mid;

low= 0;

hig=n-1;

if(strcmp(str,ptr[0]) < 0)

return0;

/*若插入字符串比字符串数组的第0个小，则插入位置为0 */

if(strcmp(str,ptr[hig]) > 0)

returnn;

/*若插入字符串比字符串数组的最后一个大，则应插入字符串数组的尾部*/

while(low<=hig)

{

mid= (low+hig)/2 ;

if(strcmp(str,ptr[mid]) < 0)

hig=mid- 1;

elseif(strcmp(str,ptr[mid]) > 0)

low=mid+ 1;

else

returnmid;/*插入字符串与字符串数组的某个字符串相同*/

}

returnlow;/*插入的位置在字符串数组中间*/

}

voidinsert(char*ptr[],char*str,intn,inti)

{

intj;

for(j=n;j>i;j--)/*将插入位置之后的字符串后移*/

strcpy(ptr[j],ptr[j-1]);

strcpy(ptr[i],str);/*将被插字符串按字典顺序插入字符串数组*/

}

今天就这些了，下周日再来：)