20. hash:
功能:显示,添加或清除哈希表
使用举例:
jingjing@jingjing-G31M-ES2C:~$ hash
使用 命令
1 /bin/hostname
10 /bin/dmesg
4 /usr/bin/cal
2 /usr/bin/ncal
1 /bin/date
8 /bin/cat
3 /usr/bin/gdialog
30 /usr/bin/man
1 /usr/bin/info
4 /bin/fuser
2 /usr/bin/arch
1 /usr/bin/free
1 /bin/fgconsole
2 /usr/bin/clear
权限:Linux Programmer's
Manual
21. hwclock:
功能:显示和设置硬件时钟
- query and set the hardware clock (RTC)
使用方法: The following
options apply to most functions.
-u, --utc
--localtime
--noadjfile
--adjfile=filename
-f, --rtc=filename
--directisa
--badyear
--srm
--arc
--jensen
--funky-toy
--test
--debug
There are two main clocks in a Linux system:The Hardware
Clock、The System Time。
22. ipcs:
功能:显示IPC设备信息
- provide information on ipc facilities
使用方法:ipcs [-asmq]
[-tclup]
ipcs [-smq] -i id
ipcs -h
使用举例:jingjing@jingjing-G31M-ES2C:~$ ipcs
------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status
0x00000000 65536 jingjing 600
393216 2
dest
0x00000000 98305 jingjing 600
393216 2
dest
...
------ Semaphore Arrays --------
key semid owner perms nsems
0xcbc384f8 0 jingjing
600 1
------ Message Queues --------
key msqid owner perms used-bytes messages
权限:Linux Programmer's
Manual
23. isosize:
功能: 显示iso9660文件系统大小
使用方法:isosize [-x] [-d
]
...
使用举例:jingjing@jingjing-G31M-ES2C:~$ isosize
Usage: isosize [-x] [-d ]
iso9660-image
权限:SG_UTILS
24. jobs:
功能:
显示工作清单。显示当前会话的作业状态。
使用方法:jobs [ -l | -n | -p
] [ JobID ... ]
具体见以下链接:http://baike.baidu.com/view/1374855.htm
25. lsmod:
功能:显示所有已加载的模块
- program to show the status of modules in the
Linux Kernel
使用举例:jingjing@jingjing-G31M-ES2C:~$ lsmod
Module Size Used by
binfmt_misc 7984 1
snd_hda_codec_realtek 299533
1
snd_hda_intel 26019
2
snd_hda_codec 100919 2
snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel
snd_hwdep 6660 1
snd_hda_codec
snd_pcm 89104
2 snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec
i915 330249
3
snd_seq_midi 5932 0
snd_rawmidi 22207 1 snd_seq_midi
drm_kms_helper 32836 1
i915
snd_seq_midi_event 7291 1 snd_seq_midi
drm 206161
4 i915,drm_kms_helper
snd_seq 57512
2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event
snd_timer 23850 2
snd_pcm,snd_seq
snd_seq_device 6912
3 snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq
ppdev 6804
0
parport_pc 30086
1
snd 64117 13
snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device
led_class 3393
0
psmouse 62080
0
i2c_algo_bit 6208 1 i915
soundcore 1240 1
snd
lp 10201
0
serio_raw 4910
0
intel_agp 32080 2
i915
video 22176
1 i915
snd_page_alloc 8588
2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm
output 2527 1 video
parport 37032
3 ppdev,parport_pc,lp
atl1c 34955
0
26. locale:
功能:显示当前系统的语言设置
- Get locale-specific information.
使用方法:locale [ -a ⎪
-m]
locale [
-ck ] name...
使用举例:
jingjing@jingjing-G31M-ES2C:~$ locale
LANG=zh_CN.utf8
LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh
LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.utf8"
LC_NUMERIC="zh_CN.utf8"
LC_TIME="zh_CN.utf8"
LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.utf8"
LC_MONETARY="zh_CN.utf8"
LC_MESSAGES="zh_CN.utf8"
LC_PAPER="zh_CN.utf8"
LC_NAME="zh_CN.utf8"
LC_ADDRESS="zh_CN.utf8"
LC_TELEPHONE="zh_CN.utf8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="zh_CN.utf8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="zh_CN.utf8"
LC_ALL=
权限:Debian GNU/Linux
27. mesg:
功能:显示信息
- control write access to your terminal
使用方法: mesg [y|n]
使用举例:jingjing@jingjing-G31M-ES2C:~$ mesg
is y
jingjing@jingjing-G31M-ES2C:~$ mesg n
jingjing@jingjing-G31M-ES2C:~$ mesg
is n
权限:Linux User's
Manual
28. minfo:
功能: 显示ms-dos文件系统的各项参数
- print the parameters of a MSDOS
filesystem
使用举例:jingjing@jingjing-G31M-ES2C:~$ minfo
Mtools version 4.0.12, dated November 3rd,
2009
Usage: minfo [-v] drive
29. modinfo:
功能: 显示内核模块信息
- program to show information about a Linux
Kernel module
使用方法: modinfo [ -0 ]
[ -F field ] [ -k kernel ]
[ modulename|filename... ]
modinfo
-V
modinfo
-h
使用举例:jingjing@jingjing-G31M-ES2C:~$ modinfo
Usage: modinfo [-0][-F field][-k kernelversion][-b basedir]
module...
Prints out the information about one or more module(s).
If a fieldname is given, just print out that field (or nothing
if not found).
Otherwise, print all information out in a readable form
If -0 is given, separate with nul, not newline.
If -b is given, use an image of the module tree.
30. mev:
功能: 监视鼠标情况
-a program to report mouse events
使用方法:mev [ options
]
-C number
-d number
-e number
-e number
-E
-f
-i
-m number
-M number
-p
31. pstree:
功能:以树状图显示程序
-display a tree of processes
使用方法:pstree
[-a|--arguments] [-c|--compact]
[-h|--high-light-all|-Hpid|--highlight-pid pid] [-l|--long]
[-n|--numeric-sort] [-p|--show-pids] [-u|--uid-changes]
[-Z|--security-context]
pstree -V|--version
使用举例:jingjing@jingjing-G31M-ES2C:~$ pstree -V
pstree (PSmisc) 22.11
版权所有 (C) 1993-2009 Werner Almesberger 和 Craig Small
PSmisc 无任何保证。
该程序为自由软件,欢迎你在 GNU 通用公共许可证(GPL) 下重新发布。
详情可参阅 COPYING 文件。
权限:User Commands
32. pwd:
功能: 显示当前目录
- print name of current/working directory
使用方法:pwd [-L|-P]...
使用举例:jingjing@jingjing-G31M-ES2C:~$ pwd
/home/jingjing
权限:User Commands
33. proc文件系统:
功能:查看系统内核信息
A.3.11 proc文件系统管理
pcred:显示进程的可信度。
pfiles:显示已打开文件的fstat和fcntl信息。
pflags:显示每个lwp的/proc跟踪标志,等待和待有信号量及其他状态信息。
pldd:显示链接到每个进程的动态链接库。
pmap:显示地址映射空间。
psig:显示信号操作。
pstack:显示每个lwp的十六进制与符号堆跟踪。
pwdx:显示当前工作目录。
pstop:停止进程。
prun:重新启动进程。
ptime:使用微状态计算进程时间。
pwait:等待指定的进程终止。
wordend
详情见以下链接:http://wenku.baidu.com/view/bf7b8a02b52acfc789ebc9bb.html
34. ps:
功能:报告程序状况
- report a snapshot of the current
processes.
使用方法:ps [options]
To see every process on the system using standard
syntax:
ps -e
ps -ef
ps -eF
ps -ely
To see every process on the system using BSD
syntax:
ps ax
ps axu
To print a process tree:
ps -ejH
ps axjf
To get info about threads:
ps -eLf
ps axms
To get security info:
ps -eo
euser,ruser,suser,fuser,f,comm,label
ps axZ
ps -eM
To see every process running as root (real
& effective ID) in user
format:
ps -U root -u root u
To see every process with a user-defined
format:
ps -eo
pid,tid,class,rtprio,ni,pri,psr,pcpu,stat,wchan:14,comm
ps axo
stat,euid,ruid,tty,tpgid,sess,pgrp,ppid,pid,pcpu,comm
ps
-eopid,tt,user,fname,tmout,f,wchan
Print only the process IDs of syslogd:
ps -C syslogd -o pid=
Print only the name of PID 42:
ps -p 42 -o comm=
使用举例:jingjing@jingjing-G31M-ES2C:~$ ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
5783 pts/0 00:00:00
bash
5902 pts/0 00:00:00
ps
权限:Linux User's
Manual
35. pmap:
功能:显示程序的内存信息
使用方法:pmap [-x|-d] [-q]
pid ...
pmap -V
-x extended
Show the
extended format.
-d device
Show the device format.
-q quiet
Do not display some
header/footer lines.
-V show
version Displays version of program.
使用举例:jingjing@jingjing-G31M-ES2C:~$ pmap -x 2
2: [kthreadd]
Address Kbytes
RSS Dirty
Mode Mapping
---------------- ------
------ ------
total kB 0 0 0
权限:Linux User's
Manual
36. procinfo:
功能: 显示系统状态信息
- display system statistics gathered from
/proc
使用方法:procinfo [ -fdDSbrhv
] [ -nN ]
usage: procinfo [-sidDSbhHv] [-nN]
-nN pause N second between updates (implies -f)
-d show differences rather than totals (implies -f)
-D show current memory/swap usage, differences on rest
-S with -nN and -d/-D, always show values per second
-b show number of bytes instead of requests for disk
statistics
-H show memory stats in KiB/MiB/GiB
-r show memory usage -/+ buffers/cache
-s Don't skip netdevs in /etc/procinfo/skipIfaces
-h print this help
-v print version info
使用举例:jingjing@jingjing-G31M-ES2C:~$ procinfo -fdDsbrhv
-nN
procinfo: invalid option -- 'f'
procinfo version 2.0 $Rev: 304 $
权限:Linux System
Manual