简介
- Servlet是SUN公司提供的一门用于动态网页资源的技术;
- SUN公司在其API中提供了一个Servlet接口,用户若想要发一个动态的Web资源(即开发一个Java程序向浏览器输送数据),需要完成以下两个步骤;
- 编写一个Java类,实现servlet接口;
- 把开发好点的Java类部署到web服务器中;
Servlet的运行过程
Servlet实现类
- Servlet接口是SUN 公司定义了两个默认实现类,分别为:GenericSrevlet、HttpServlet;
- HttpServlet指能够处理HTTP请求的Servlet,他在原有的Servlet接口上添加了一些HTTP协议处理办法,他与Servlet接口的功能更加强大。因此开发人员在编写Servlet时,通常是继承这个类,而避免直接去实现Servlet接口;
- HttpServlet 在实现Servlet接口时,重写了Service方法,该方法体内的代码会自动判断用户的请求方式,如GEt请求,则是调用HTTPServlet的DoGet方法,如Post请求,则调用doPost方法。因此,开发人员在编写Servlet时,通常只需要重写DoGet和DoPost方法,而不需要重写servlet方法;
使用IDE开发Servlet
- 下载Servlet需要的jar包;
- 在IEDA中建一个Web项目;
- 新建Servlet,编写代码;
- 配置web.xml中的Servlet映射的 servlet-mapping
<servlet> <servlet-name>Servlet1</servlet-name> //类名 <servlet-class>com.zhang.demo1.Servlet1</servlet-class> //路径 </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Servlet1</servlet-name> //类名 <url-pattern>/test01</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
- 启动Tomcat服务器;
- 访问Servlet网页;
ServletContext
- Web 容器在启动时,他会为每个Web应用程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象,代表当前的应用;
- 多个Servlet通过ServletContext对象实现数据共享;
- 获取Web应用的初始化参数;
- 用ServletContext实现请求转发;
- 利用ServletContext对象读取资源文件;
通过ServletContext对象读取网站配置文件
步骤:
1.新建一个properties文件
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver username=root password=123456 URL=jdbc:mysql://locahost:3306/smbms
2.编写Servlet类
package com.zhang.demo; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Properties; public class Servlet03 extends HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/resour/database.properties"); System.out.println("获取的真实路径"+realPath); Properties properties = new Properties(); FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(realPath); properties.load(is); String driver = properties.getProperty("driver"); String username = properties.getProperty("username"); String password = properties.getProperty("password"); String url = properties.getProperty("url"); //网页输出 response.getWriter().println(driver); response.getWriter().println(username); response.getWriter().println(password); response.getWriter().println(url); //控制台输出 System.out.println(driver); System.out.println(username); System.out.println(password); System.out.println(url); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request,response); } }
3.配置web.xml文件
<servlet> <servlet-name>Servlet03</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.zhang.demo.Servlet03</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Servlet03</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/test3</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
4.查看访问页面;
上述代码编译运行的结果如下图所示:
网页输出:
控制台输出:
Servlet的Request
实例:
package com.zhang.demo; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; public class RequestServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //查看request对象的方式 System.out.println(request.getContextPath()); //获得web项目路径 System.out.println(request.getRequestURI()); //请求的URL路径 //Remote 远程 System.out.println(request.getRemoteUser()); //获得远程的用户名 System.out.println(request.getRequestedSessionId()); //获得SessionId; System.out.println(request.getServletPath()); //请求servlet的url System.out.println(request.getLocalAddr()); //获得本地地址 防火墙 System.out.println(request.getLocalName()); //获得本地名字 System.out.println(request.getLocalPort()); //获得访问的端口号 } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request,response); } }
配置web.xml代码:
<servlet> <servlet-name>RequestServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.zhang.demo.RequestServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>RequestServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/RD</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
1.编写注册页面,表单提交的位置 action:服务项目的路径/servlet对应的请求ur;例如: <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/RD2" method="post">
<%-- Created by IntelliJ IDEA. User: 张沧 Date: 2019/7/16/016 Time: 23:12 To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. --%> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>注册</title> </head> <body> <%--JSP的注释--%> <%--Form表单 action:代表要提交的路径,表单要提交到哪里 ,可以提交到一个Servlet //提交到Servlet需要,获取到Web项目的路径下的Servlet method: 提交表单的方式 --%> <h1>注册</h1> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/RD2" method="post"> <p>用户名:<input type="text" name="username"></p> <p>密码:<input type="password" name="password"></p> <p> <input type="submit"> <input type="reset"> </p> </form> </body> </html>
2.
-
接收前端传递的控件信息, request.getParameter(“控件的name‘);例如: String username = request.getParameter("username"); String password = request.getParameter("password");
package com.zhang.demo; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; public class RequestServlet2 extends HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //通过HttpServletRequest获取前端用户提交的信息 //req.getParameterValues(); 获得前端传递的控件信息,通过控件的name;但是可以接受多个参数的控件,比如(多选框....) //req.getParameter(); 获得前端传递的控件信息,通过控件的name; request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); String username = request.getParameter("username"); String password = request.getParameter("password"); //连接数据库,比较数据库中的信息是否匹配 if (username.equals("admin")&&password.equals("1234567")){ System.out.println("登录成功!"); //跳转到成功页面 }else { System.out.println("登录失败!"); //提示重新注册 } System.out.println(username); System.out.println(password); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request,response); } }
3.配置web.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <servlet> <servlet-name>RequestServlet2</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.zhang.demo.RequestServlet2</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>RequestServlet2</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/RD2</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
4.提交测试
提交之前的路径
在提交后的路径
以上代码编译运行的结果如下所示:
这是测试三种不同的结果;
Request实现请求转发
package com.zhang.demo; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; public class RequestServlet3 extends HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");//处理乱码 //处理前端的请求 String username = request.getParameter("username"); String password = request.getParameter("password"); System.out.println("接收到的用户名:"+username+"\n密码:"+password+"\n爱好:"); String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby"); for (String hobby : hobbies) { System.out.println(hobby); } //重定向:服务器告诉客户端你应该请求另外一个地址; (地址栏会变) //resp.sendRedirect("url"); //转发:服务器把这个请求转向另外一个Servlet去处理; (地址栏不会变) //RequestDispatcher ,需要使用RequestDispatcher来进行处理,我们需要获得这个类 //参数就是他要转发到的页面 /* RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp"); requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp); */ try { Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } request.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(request,response); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request,response); } }