Oracle 变量 之 define variable declare 用法及区别
Table of Contents
1 扯蛋
Oracle 提供了几种不同的定义变量的方式: def(ine) ,var(iable), declare 分别适用于不同的环境.
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define
- sqlplus 环境(command窗口) 中用于定义变量, 适用于人机交互处理,或者sql脚本。 variable
- plsql 匿名块中使用。非匿名块中不能使用。 declare
- plsql 块中使用,适用于匿名块或者非匿名块。
2 define和accept
define 可以定义一个变量,在调用该变量时使用符号 & . 人机交互给变量赋值时使用acc(ecpt)命令。
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作为查询值示例
define abc=1; select * from dual where rownum=&abc;
执行结果如下:
SQL> define abc=1; SQL> select * from dual where rownum=&abc; old 1: select * from dual where rownum=&abc new 1: select * from dual where rownum=1 D - X
- 作为变量传入匿名块示例
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与declare配合使用
set serveroutput on define abc=1; declare abc varchar(2); begin select &abc into abc from dual; dbms_output.put_line(abc); end; /
执行结果如下:
SQL> set serveroutput on SQL> define abc=1; SQL> declare abc varchar(2); 2 begin 3 select &abc into abc from dual; 4 dbms_output.put_line(abc); 5 end; 6 / old 3: select &abc into abc from dual; new 3: select 1 into abc from dual; 1
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与variable 配合使用
set serveroutput on define abc=1; variable abc varchar2(10); begin :abc := &abc; dbms_output.put_line(:abc); end; /
执行结果如下:
SQL> set serveroutput on SQL> define abc=1; SQL> variable abc varchar2(10); SQL> begin 2 :abc := &abc; 3 dbms_output.put_line(:abc); 4 end; 5 / old 2: :abc := &abc; new 2: :abc := 1; 1 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
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人机交互赋值示例 通过人机交互给变量赋值,需要使用acc(ept)
SQL> acc i number prompt "Please input a number:" Please input a number:4 SQL> select &i from dual; old 1: select &i from dual new 1: select 4 from dual 4 ---------- 4
3 variable
3.1 variable 特点
通过variable 定义变量,变量作用域为当前sqlplus环境。需要通过 :
来标记为变量。比如:
variable a varchar2(10); -- 此时定义了变量,:a 代表了变量,而 a 并不是变量,只是字母 a
var current_scn number;
begin
select DBMS_FLASHBACK.GET_SYSTEM_CHANGE_NUMBER into :current_scn from dual;
dbms_output.put_line(' '||:current_scn);
end;
/
执行结果如下:
SQL> var current_scn number; SQL> begin 2 select DBMS_FLASHBACK.GET_SYSTEM_CHANGE_NUMBER into :current_scn from dual; 3 dbms_output.put_line(' '||:current_scn); 4 end; 5 / 13934393999029 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
下面的示例表明variable定义的变量在当前sqlplus环境中都可用。
SQL> var a number; SQL> begin 2 select DBMS_FLASHBACK.GET_SYSTEM_CHANGE_NUMBER into :a from dual; 3 end; 4 / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> select :a from dual; :A ---------- 1.3947E+13
3.2 variable 与define配合使用
col scn for 9999999999999999999999
var a number; -- 通过variable 定义变量
begin
-- 在匿名块中给 :a 变量赋值
select DBMS_FLASHBACK.GET_SYSTEM_CHANGE_NUMBER into :a from dual;
end;
/
define current_scn = :a
select ¤t_scn as scn from dual;
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执行结果
SQL> col scn for 9999999999999999999999 SQL> var a number; SQL> begin 2 select DBMS_FLASHBACK.GET_SYSTEM_CHANGE_NUMBER into :a from dual; 3 end; 4 / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> define current_scn = :a SQL> select ¤t_scn as scn from dual; old 1: select ¤t_scn as scn from dual new 1: select :a as scn from dual SCN ----------------------- 13946807321486
4 declare
declare 定义变量后,变量标识符在整个块结构内部都代表变量,在结构块外部不可用, 也就是说 declare的作用域只是结构体内部。这点与variable定义变量不同。变量的调用方式也不一样, declare定义的变量, 不需要添加任何额外的标记,而variable 定义的变量需要和冒号配合使用。
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示例
set serveroutput on declare current_scn number; begin -- 注意: into 后面的变量就是declare定义的变量 select DBMS_FLASHBACK.GET_SYSTEM_CHANGE_NUMBER into current_scn from dual; dbms_output.put_line(current_scn); end; /
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执行结果
SQL> set serveroutput on SQL> declare current_scn number; 2 begin 3 -- 注意: into 后面的变量就是declare定义的变量 4 select DBMS_FLASHBACK.GET_SYSTEM_CHANGE_NUMBER into current_scn from dual; 5 dbms_output.put_line(current_scn); 6 end; 7 / 13946807319270 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Created: 2019-07-04 Thu 15:03