备忘录模式(Memento Pattern)

模式定义

在不破坏封装性的前提下，捕获一个对象的内部状态，并在对象之外保存这个状态。这样以后就可以将该对象恢复到原先保存的状态。

UML类图

• 发起人(Originator)
  

1. 创建一个含有当前的内部状态的备忘录对象。
2. 使用备忘录对象恢复其内部状态。

• 负责人(Caretaker)

1. 负责保存备忘录对象。
2. 从不操作或检查备忘录的内容。

• 备忘录(Memento) 保存发起人Originator对象的内部状态

  代码结构

    public static class MomentoApp
    {
        public static void Run()
        {
            Originator o = new Originator();
            o.State = "On";

            Caretaker c = new Caretaker();
            c.Memento = o.CreateMemento();

            o.State = "Off";

            o.SetMemento(c.Memento);
            Console.WriteLine(o.State);

        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 发起人
    /// </summary>
    class Originator
    {
        public string State { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 创建备忘录
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public Memento CreateMemento()
        {
            return (new Memento(this.State));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 安装备忘录回复
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="memento"></param>
        public void SetMemento(Memento memento)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Restoring state...");
            this.State = memento.State;
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 备忘录
    /// </summary>
    class Memento
    {
        private string _state;

        public Memento(string state)
        {
            this._state = state;
        }
        public string State
        {
            get { return _state; }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 管理者
    /// </summary>
    class Caretaker
    {
        private Memento _memento;

        public Memento Memento
        {
            set { _memento = value; }
            get { return _memento; }
        }
    }

情景案例

下面是一个游戏进度备忘录

    public static class MomentoApp
    {
        public static void Run()
        {
            //大战Boss前
            GameRole lixiaoyao = new GameRole();
            lixiaoyao.GetInitState();
            lixiaoyao.StateDisplay();

            //保存进度
            RoleStateCaretaker stateAdmin = new RoleStateCaretaker();
            stateAdmin.Memento = lixiaoyao.SaveState();

            //大战Boss时，损耗严重
            lixiaoyao.Fight();
            lixiaoyao.StateDisplay();

            //恢复之前的状态
            lixiaoyao.RecoveryState(stateAdmin.Memento);
            lixiaoyao.StateDisplay();
        }
    }

    class GameRole
    {
        //生命力
        private int vit;
        public int Vitality
        {
            get { return vit; }
            set { vit = value; }
        }
        //攻击力
        private int atk;
        public int Attack
        {
            get { return atk; }
            set { atk = value; }
        }
        //防御力
        private int def;
        public int Defense
        {
            get { return def; }
            set { def = value; }
        }
        //状态显示
        public void StateDisplay()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("角色当前状态：");
            Console.WriteLine("体力：{0}", this.vit);
            Console.WriteLine("攻击力：{0}", this.atk);
            Console.WriteLine("防御力：{0}", this.def);
            Console.WriteLine("");
        }
        //获得初始状态
        public void GetInitState()
        {
            this.vit = 100;
            this.atk = 100;
            this.def = 100;
        }
        //战斗
        public void Fight()
        {
            this.vit = 0;
            this.atk = 0;
            this.def = 0;
        }
        //保存角色状态
        public RoleStateMemento SaveState()
        {
            return (new RoleStateMemento(vit, atk, def));
        }
        //恢复角色状态
        public void RecoveryState(RoleStateMemento memento)
        {
            this.vit = memento.Vitality;
            this.atk = memento.Attack;
            this.def = memento.Defense;
        }
    }

    //角色状态存储箱
    class RoleStateMemento
    {
        private int vit;
        private int atk;
        private int def;
        public RoleStateMemento(int vit, int atk, int def)
        {
            this.vit = vit;
            this.atk = atk;
            this.def = def;
        }
        //生命力
        public int Vitality
        {
            get { return vit; }
            set { vit = value; }
        }
        //攻击力
        public int Attack
        {
            get { return atk; }
            set { atk = value; }
        }
        //防御力
        public int Defense
        {
            get { return def; }
            set { def = value; }
        }
    }

    //角色状态管理者
    class RoleStateCaretaker
    {
        private RoleStateMemento memento;
        public RoleStateMemento Memento
        {
            get { return memento; }
            set { memento = value; }
        }
    }

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/LoveTomato/p/8459752.html