一.基础知识:
CoreData是对SQLite的封装,使用的时候比较方便,减少对SQL语句的使用。
CoreData中的核心对象
NSManagedObjectModel:代表Core Data 的模型文件,包含模型的数据结构;
NSManagedObjectContext:负责应用和数据库之间的交互(CRUD);
NSPersistentStoreCoordinator:添加持久的数据存储仓库,通常采用NSManagedObjectModel的对象来初始化,最经常用的是NSSQLiteStoreType;
NSEntityDescription:用来描述实体对象的;
Entity:定义一个实体;
Attribute:实体的一个属性;
Relationship:关联实体;
NSFetchRequest:用来设置一个查询的请求,可以指定查询顺序;
Predicate:设置查询的条件;
Sort Descriptor:设置排序。
二.具体步骤:
1.打开Xcode,按住shift+command+N新建一个工程,勾选 Use Core Data:
2.在Appdelegate.h和.m文件中 会自动生成以下文件:
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import <CoreData/CoreData.h>
@interface AppDelegate : UIResponder <UIApplicationDelegate>
@property (strong, nonatomic) UIWindow *window;
@property (readonly, strong, nonatomic) NSManagedObjectContext *managedObjectContext;
@property (readonly, strong, nonatomic) NSManagedObjectModel *managedObjectModel;
@property (readonly, strong, nonatomic) NSPersistentStoreCoordinator *persistentStoreCoordinator;
- (void)saveContext;
- (NSURL *)applicationDocumentsDirectory;
@end
Appdelegate.m文件
#pragma mark - Core Data stack
@synthesize managedObjectContext = _managedObjectContext;
@synthesize managedObjectModel = _managedObjectModel;
@synthesize persistentStoreCoordinator = _persistentStoreCoordinator;
- (NSURL *)applicationDocumentsDirectory {
// The directory the application uses to store the Core Data store file. This code uses a directory named "com.zhangyu.CoreDataTwo" in the application's documents directory.
return [[[NSFileManager defaultManager] URLsForDirectory:NSDocumentDirectory inDomains:NSUserDomainMask] lastObject];
}
- (NSManagedObjectModel *)managedObjectModel {
// The managed object model for the application. It is a fatal error for the application not to be able to find and load its model.
if (_managedObjectModel != nil) {
return _managedObjectModel;
}
NSURL *modelURL = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"CoreDataTwo" withExtension:@"momd"];
_managedObjectModel = [[NSManagedObjectModel alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:modelURL];
return _managedObjectModel;
}
- (NSPersistentStoreCoordinator *)persistentStoreCoordinator {
// The persistent store coordinator for the application. This implementation creates and return a coordinator, having added the store for the application to it.
if (_persistentStoreCoordinator != nil) {
return _persistentStoreCoordinator;
}
// Create the coordinator and store
_persistentStoreCoordinator = [[NSPersistentStoreCoordinator alloc] initWithManagedObjectModel:[self managedObjectModel]];
NSURL *storeURL = [[self applicationDocumentsDirectory] URLByAppendingPathComponent:@"CoreDataTwo.sqlite"];
NSLog(@"---url:%@",storeURL);
NSError *error = nil;
NSString *failureReason = @"There was an error creating or loading the application's saved data.";
if (![_persistentStoreCoordinator addPersistentStoreWithType:NSSQLiteStoreType configuration:nil URL:storeURL options:nil error:&error]) {
// Report any error we got.
NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
dict[NSLocalizedDescriptionKey] = @"Failed to initialize the application's saved data";
dict[NSLocalizedFailureReasonErrorKey] = failureReason;
dict[NSUnderlyingErrorKey] = error;
error = [NSError errorWithDomain:@"YOUR_ERROR_DOMAIN" code:9999 userInfo:dict];
// Replace this with code to handle the error appropriately.
// abort() causes the application to generate a crash log and terminate. You should not use this function in a shipping application, although it may be useful during development.
NSLog(@"Unresolved error %@, %@", error, [error userInfo]);
abort();
}
return _persistentStoreCoordinator;
}
- (NSManagedObjectContext *)managedObjectContext {
// Returns the managed object context for the application (which is already bound to the persistent store coordinator for the application.)
if (_managedObjectContext != nil) {
return _managedObjectContext;
}
NSPersistentStoreCoordinator *coordinator = [self persistentStoreCoordinator];
if (!coordinator) {
return nil;
}
_managedObjectContext = [[NSManagedObjectContext alloc] init];
[_managedObjectContext setPersistentStoreCoordinator:coordinator];
return _managedObjectContext;
}
#pragma mark - Core Data Saving support
- (void)saveContext {
NSManagedObjectContext *managedObjectContext = self.managedObjectContext;
if (managedObjectContext != nil) {
NSError *error = nil;
if ([managedObjectContext hasChanges] && ![managedObjectContext save:&error]) {
// Replace this implementation with code to handle the error appropriately.
// abort() causes the application to generate a crash log and terminate. You should not use this function in a shipping application, although it may be useful during development.
NSLog(@"Unresolved error %@, %@", error, [error userInfo]);
abort();
}
}
}
在工程文件中还会看到红色选框中的文件:然后单击打开创建一个model,我在这里创建一个Users,并添加相应的属性user_name,user_password两个属性,声明为字符串类型。
之后选择Editor-》Create NSManagedObject SubClass创建 会在工程里直接生成Users.h和Users.m文件。
4.准备条件完成后在Storyboard中设置两个Label和两个TextField、一个segmentControl控件,并拖拉控件在ViewControloler.h中:
@interface ViewController : UIViewController
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextField *username;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextField *password;
- (IBAction)segmentControl:(UISegmentedControl *)sender;
之后在ViewController中编写相应的代码:
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "AppDelegate.h"
#import "Users.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@property (nonatomic,strong)AppDelegate *myDelegate;
@property(nonatomic,strong) NSMutableArray *users;
@property(nonatomic,assign)BOOL query;
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
self.myDelegate = [UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;
self.query = NO;
}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
- (IBAction)segmentControl:(UISegmentedControl *)sender {
switch (sender.selectedSegmentIndex) {
case 0:
[self queryFromDB];
break;
case 1:[self addToDB];
break;
default:
break;
}
}
-(void)addToDB{
//@prames entityForName参数要与所建的Entity保持一致,如建的实体是Users
Users *us = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"Users" inManagedObjectContext:self.myDelegate.managedObjectContext];
us.user_name = self.username.text;//或者这种写法[us setValue:@"user_name" forKey:self.username.text];
us.user_password = self.password.text;
NSError *error;
//托管对象准备好后,调用托管对象上下文的save方法将数据写入数据库
BOOL isSaveSuccess = [self.myDelegate.managedObjectContext save:&error];
if (!isSaveSuccess) {
[NSException raise:@"访问数据库错误" format:@"%@",[error localizedDescription]];
NSLog(@"Error: %@,%@",error,[error userInfo]);
}else{
NSLog(@"Save successful!");
}
}
#pragma mark - 从数据库中查询数据
-(void)queryFromDB{
//创建取回数据请求
NSFetchRequest *request = [[NSFetchRequest alloc]init];
//设置要查询哪种实体的实体对象
//@prames entityForName参数要与所建的Entity保持一致
NSEntityDescription *entity = [NSEntityDescription entityForName:@"Users" inManagedObjectContext:self.myDelegate.managedObjectContext];
//设置请求实体
[request setEntity:entity];
//指定按照什么的排序方式,无排序
NSSortDescriptor *sort = [[NSSortDescriptor alloc]initWithKey:@"user_name" ascending:NO];
NSArray *sortDescriptions = [[NSArray alloc]initWithObjects:sort, nil];
[request setSortDescriptors:sortDescriptions];
NSError *error;
//执行获取数据请求,返回数组
NSMutableArray *mutableFetch = [[self.myDelegate.managedObjectContext executeFetchRequest:request error:&error]mutableCopy];
if (mutableFetch == nil) {
NSLog(@"Error: %@,%@",error,[error userInfo]);
}
self.users = mutableFetch;
NSLog(@"the count of users:%lu",(unsigned long)self.users.count);
for (Users *user in self.users) {
if ([self.username.text isEqualToString:user.user_name]) {
if ([self.password.text isEqualToString:user.user_password]) {
self.query = YES;
break;
}
} NSLog(@"--name:%@---password:%@--",user.user_name,user.user_password);
}
if (!self.query) {
[self showAlert:@"用户名或密码错误,请重新输入"];
}
}
-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
[self.username resignFirstResponder];
[self.password resignFirstResponder];
}
-(void)showAlert:(NSString*)infomation{
UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle:@"提示:" message:infomation delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil];
[alert show];
}
@end
效果如图所示:
点击Add按钮会输出:Save successful 点击query会输出如下图所示:
之所以有五条数据是因为之前添加了四条数据,已经保存在CoreDataTwo.sqlite数据库中