我以为我会自己回答这个问题,可以在java中使用CompletableFutures而不是Futures. CompletableFutures允许通过thenCombine方法进行合成,该方法类似于scalas flatMap.现在没有阻塞发生,只需要3个线程即可实现最快的时间.
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.function.BiFunction;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
public class Barrista
{
// number of threads used in executor
static final int NOTHREADS = 3;
// time of each task
static final int HEATWATER = 1000;
static final int GRINDBEANS = 1000;
static final int FROTHMILK = 1000;
static final int BREWING = 1000;
static final int COMBINE = 1000;
// method to simulate work (pause current thread without throwing checked exception)
public static void pause(long t)
{
try
{
Thread.sleep(t);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
throw new Error(e.toString());
}
}
// task to heat some water
static class HeatWater implements Supplier
{
@Override
public String get()
{
System.out.println("Heating Water");
pause(HEATWATER);
return "hot water";
}
}
// task to grind some beans
static class GrindBeans implements Supplier
{
@Override
public String get()
{
System.out.println("Grinding Beans");
pause(GRINDBEANS);
return "grinded beans";
}
}
// task to froth some milk
static class FrothMilk implements Supplier
{
@Override
public String get()
{
System.out.println("Frothing some milk");
pause(FROTHMILK);
return "some milk";
}
}
// task to brew some coffee
static class Brew implements BiFunction
{
@Override
public String apply(String groundBeans, String heatedWater)
{
System.out.println("Brewing coffee with " + groundBeans + " and " + heatedWater);
pause(BREWING);
return "brewed coffee";
}
}
// task to combine brewed coffee and milk
static class Combine implements BiFunction
{
@Override
public String apply(String frothedMilk, String brewedCoffee)
{
System.out.println("Combining " + frothedMilk + " "+ brewedCoffee);
pause(COMBINE);
return "Final Coffee";
}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(NOTHREADS);
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try
{
// create all the tasks and let the executor handle the execution order
CompletableFuture frothMilk = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new FrothMilk(), executor);
CompletableFuture heatWaterFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new HeatWater(), executor);
CompletableFuture grindBeans = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new GrindBeans(), executor);
CompletableFuture brew = heatWaterFuture.thenCombine(grindBeans, new Brew());
CompletableFuture coffee = brew.thenCombine(frothMilk, new Combine());
// final coffee
System.out.println("Here is the coffee:" + coffee.get());
// analyzing times:
System.out.println("\n\n");
System.out.println("Actual time: \t\t\t\t" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime)/1000.0);
// compute the quickest possible time:
long path1 = Math.max(GRINDBEANS, HEATWATER)+ BREWING + COMBINE;
long path2 = FROTHMILK + COMBINE;
System.out.println("Quickest time multi-threaded:\t\t" + Math.max(path1, path2)/1000.0);
// compute the longest possible time:
long longestTime = HEATWATER + GRINDBEANS + FROTHMILK + BREWING + COMBINE;
System.out.println("Quickest time single-threaded thread:\t" + longestTime/1000.0);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally
{
executor.shutdown();
}
}
}