CS184.1X 计算机图形学导论第8讲学习笔记-CSDN博客

L8V1：OPENGL 2：几何

1.基本的几何设置

 1 const int numobjects = 2;//物体对象的数量
 2 const int numperobj = 3;
 3 const int ncolors = 4;
 4 GLunit buffers[numperobj*numobjects+ncolors];//缓存
 5 GLunit objects[numobjects];
 6 GLenum PrimType[numobjects];
 7 GLsizei NumElems[numobjects];
 8 
 9 
10 #define BUFFER_OFFSET(bytes) ((GLubyte *) NULL + (bytes))
11 #define NumberOf(array) (sizeof(array)/sizeof(array[0]))
12 enum {Vertices, Colors, Elements};
13 enum {FLOOR, CUBE};

2.长方体的几何

 1 const GLfloat wd = 0.1;
 2 const GLfloat ht = 0.5;
 3 const GLfloat _cubecol[4][3] = {
 4     {1.0, 0.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 1.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 1.0}, {1.0, 1.0, 0.0} };
 5 const GLfloat cubeverts[8][3] = {
 6     {-wd, -wd, 0.0}, {-wd, wd, 0.0}, {wd, wd, 0.0}, {wd, -wd, 0.0},
 7     {-wd, -wd, ht}, {wd, -wd, ht}, {wd, wd, ht}, {-wd, wd, ht} };
 8 GLfloat cubecol[8][3];
 9 const GLubyte cubeinds[6][4] = {
10     {0, 1, 2, 3},//BOTTOM
11     {4, 5, 6, 7},//TOP
12     {0, 4, 7, 1},//LEFT
13     {0, 3, 5, 4},//FRONT
14     {3, 2, 6, 5},//RIGHT
15     {1, 7, 6, 2},//BACK
16 };

3.长方体的初始化（颜色除外）

 1 void initobjectnocol(GLunit object, GLfloat * vert, GLint sizevert, GLubytes * inds, GLint sizeinds, GLenum type){
 2     int offset = object * numperobj ;
 3     glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffers[Vertices+offset]) ;
 4     glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizevert, vert,GL_STATIC_DRAW);
 5     glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(0)) ;
 6     glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY) ;
 7     glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,buffers[Elements+offset]) ;
 8     glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeind, inds, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
 9     PrimType[object] = type ;
10     NumElems[object] = sizeind ;
11 }

4.颜色设置

 1 // Simple function to init a bunch of color buffers for the cube
 2 void initcolorscube (void) {
 3     int base = numobjects * numperobj ;
 4     for (int i = 0 ; i < ncolors ; i++) {
 5         for (int j = 0 ; j < 8 ; j++)
 6             for (int k = 0 ; k < 3 ; k++)
 7                 cubecol[j][k] = _cubecol[i][k] ;
 8         glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffers[base+i]) ;
 9         glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(cubecol), cubecol ,GL_STATIC_DRAW);
10         glColorPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(0)) ;
11         glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY) ; }
12 }
13 
14 //in init
15 initobjectnocol(CUBE, (GLfloat *) cubeverts, sizeof(cubeverts), (GLubyte *) cubeinds, sizeof(cubeinds), GL_QUADS);

5.绘制

 1 // And a function to draw with them, similar to drawobject but with color
 2 void drawcolor(GLuint object, GLuint color) {
 3     int offset = object * numperobj ;
 4     int base = numobjects * numperobj ;
 5     glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffers[Vertices+offset]) ;
 6     glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(0)) ;
 7     glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY) ;
 8     glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffers[base+color]) ; // Set color
 9     glColorPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(0)) ;
10     glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY) ;
11     glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffers[Elements+offset]) ;
12     glDrawElements(PrimType[object], NumElems[object], GL_UNSIGNEND_BYTE, BUFFER_OFFET(0));
13 }

L8V2：OPENGL 2：矩阵堆栈

1.OpenGL顶点变换流程概要

2. 绘制顺序会影响物体前后关系；

L8V3：OPENGL 2：Z 缓冲

1.引入的目的：解决消除隐藏体的问题

2.双缓冲

1）思想：把全部场景或全部几何绘制在一个后面的缓存中，它不显示在屏幕上，当绘制完后，直接交换两个缓存，这样，整个屏幕将被同时刷新，不用等待一个物体绘制完后再画另一个物体。

2）代码：

1 glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);
2 
3 ...
4 
5 glutSwapBuffers() ;
6 glFlush();

3）打开深度检测：对于每一个像素点，存储离摄像头最近的Z值

1 //in display()
2 gluInitDisplayMode (GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);
3 glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
4 
5 //in init()
6 glEnable (GL_DEPTH_TEST);
7 glDepthFunc (GL_LESS);

L8V4：OPENGL 2：动画

1.茶壶绘制

 1 void display(){
 2 
 3         ...
 4 
 5     //  ** NEW ** Put a teapot in the middle that animates 
 6     glColor3f(0.0,1.0,1.0) ; // Deprecated command to set the color 
 7     glPushMatrix() ;
 8     //  I now transform by the teapot translation for animation 
 9     glTranslatef(teapotloc, 0.0, 0.0) ;
10 
11     //  The following two transforms set up and center the teapot 
12     //  Remember that transforms right-multiply the stack 
13 
14     glTranslatef(0.0,0.0,0.1) ;
15     glRotatef(rotamount, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
16     glRotatef(90.0,1.0,0.0,0.0) ;
17     glutSolidTeapot(0.15) ; 
18     glUniform1i(islight,0) ; // turn off lighting 
19     glPopMatrix() ;
20 
21 }

2.动画触发器

 1 void animation(void) {
 2     teapotloc = teapotloc + 0.0025 ;
 3     rotamount = rotamount + 0.25;
 4     if (teapotloc > 0.5) teapotloc = -0.5 ;
 5     if (rotamount > 360.0) rotamount = 0.0;
 6     glutPostRedisplay() ;  
 7 }
 8 
 9 void keyboard (unsigned char key, int x, int y) 
10 {
11     switch (key) {
12         ...
13         case 'p': // ** NEW ** to pause/restart animation
14             animate = !animate ;
15             if (animate) glutIdleFunc(animation) ;
16             else glutIdleFunc(NULL) ;
17             break ;
18         ...
19     }
20 }

L8V5：OPENGL 2：纹理

1.全局基本变量的设置：

GLubyte woodtexture[256][256][3] ; // ** NEW ** texture (from grsites.com)
GLuint texNames[1] ; // ** NEW ** texture buffer
GLuint istex ;  // ** NEW ** blend parameter for texturing
GLuint islight ; // ** NEW ** for lighting
GLint texturing = 1 ; // ** NEW ** to turn on/off texturing
GLint lighting = 1 ; // ** NEW ** to turn on/off lighting

//in display()
glUniform1i(islight,false) ; // Turn off lighting (except on teapot, later)
glUniform1i(istex,texturing) ; 
drawtexture(FLOOR,texNames[0]) ; // Texturing floor 
// drawobject(FLOOR) ; 
glUniform1i(istex,0) ; // Other items aren't textured

2.触发器

    case 's': // ** NEW ** to turn on/off shading (always smooth) ; 
            lighting = !lighting ;
            glutPostRedisplay() ; 
            break ;

4.纹理读取（ppm文件）

 1 void inittexture (const char * filename, GLuint program) {
 2     int i,j,k ;
 3     FILE * fp ; 
 4     GLint err ; 
 5     assert(fp = fopen(filename,"rb")) ;
 6     fscanf(fp,"%*s %*d %*d %*d%*c") ;
 7     for (i = 0 ; i < 256 ; i++)
 8         for (j = 0 ; j < 256 ; j++)
 9             for (k = 0 ; k < 3 ; k++)
10                 fscanf(fp,"%c",&(woodtexture[i][j][k])) ;
11     fclose(fp) ;  
12         ...
13 }

5.设置纹理坐标

    // Set up Texture Coordinates
    glGenTextures(1, texNames) ; 

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffers[numobjects*numperobj+ncolors]) ; 
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof (floortex), floortex,GL_STATIC_DRAW);
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0) ; 
    glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D) ; 
    glTexCoordPointer(2,GL_FLOAT,0,BUFFER_OFFSET(0)) ; 
    glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY) ; 

    glBindTexture (GL_TEXTURE_2D, texNames[0]) ; 
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,GL_RGB, 256, 256, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
            woodtexture) ;
    glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR) ; 
    glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR) ; 
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT) ;
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT) ;