自定义属性Attribute(三)

检测自定义属性的应用而不创建自定义属性的实例

　　 在调用GetCustomAttirbute及GetCustomAttirbutes方法时，都会调用属性类的构造器方法，同时也有可能调用property的get或set访问器。并且，首次访问一个类型会让CLR调用类型的类型构造器。而在构造器、访问器、类型构造器中，可能包含每次查找一个属性都会执行的代码，我们使用属性时并不知道这些代码，这样会允许未知的代码在AppDomain中运行，造成潜在的安全隐患。

         System.Reflection.CustomAttributeData类允许我们在查找自定义属性的同时禁止执行属性类的代码。其实现原理是 Assembly类的静态方法ReflectionOnlyLoad以一种特殊的方式加载程序集，期间会禁止CLR执行程序集中的任何代码，包括类型构造器。而CustomAttirbuteData类则对其加载的程序集进行分析。

         CustomAttributeData的GetCustomAttribute方法相当于一个Factory方法，它会返回IList<CustomAttirbuteData>集合。对于集合中的CustomAttributeData对象，可以访问其三个只读字段获取参数：

1. Constructor 返回一个ConstructorInfo对象，表示构造函数“要”如何调用。
2. ConstructorArguments  返回IList<CustomAttributeTypedArgument>集合，表示“要”传给构造函数的参数列表。
3. NamedArguments 返回IList<CustomAttributeNamedArgument>集合，返回“要”设置的字段。

这里的构造函数、参数列表以及字段的设置不会实际的调用构造器和set访问器，这样才会增加安全性。

代码示例：

CustomAttributeDataAdapter

[Serializable]
[DefaultMember( " ShowAttribute " )]
[DebuggerDisplay( " Shi " ,Name = " Jerry " ,Target = typeof (CustomAttributeDataAdapter))]
public class CustomAttributeDataAdapter
{
public CustomAttributeDataAdapter()
{ }

[Conditional( " Debug " )]
[Conditional( " Release " )]
public void DoSomething()
{ }

[CLSCompliant( true )]
[STAThread]
public static void ShowAttribute()
{
ShowAttribute( typeof (CustomAttributeDataAdapter));

MemberInfo[] members = typeof (CustomAttributeDataAdapter).FindMembers(
MemberTypes.Constructor | MemberTypes.Method,
BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly | BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static,
Type.FilterName, " * " );
foreach (MemberInfo member in members)
{
ShowAttribute(member);
}
}

private static void ShowAttribute(MemberInfo attributeTarget)
{
IList < CustomAttributeData > attributes = CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(attributeTarget);

Console.WriteLine( " Attributes applied to {0}:{1} " , attributeTarget.Name, (attributes.Count == 0 ? " None " : string .Empty));

foreach (CustomAttributeData attribute in attributes)
{
Type t = attribute.Constructor.DeclaringType;
Console.WriteLine( " {0} " , t.ToString());
Console.WriteLine( " Constructor called={0} " , attribute.Constructor);

IList < CustomAttributeTypedArgument > posArgs = attribute.ConstructorArguments;
Console.WriteLine( " Positional arguments passed to constructor:{0} " , (posArgs.Count == 0 ) ? " None " : string .Empty);
foreach (CustomAttributeTypedArgument pa in posArgs)
{
Console.WriteLine( " Type={0}, Value={1} " , pa.ArgumentType, pa.Value);
}

IList < CustomAttributeNamedArgument > namedArgs = attribute.NamedArguments;
Console.WriteLine( " Named arguments set after contruction:{0} " , (namedArgs.Count == 0 ? " None " : string .Empty));
foreach (CustomAttributeNamedArgument na in namedArgs)
{
Console.WriteLine( " Name={0}, Type={1}, Value={2} " , na.MemberInfo.Name, na.TypedValue.ArgumentType, na.TypedValue.Value);
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}

 

条件属性类

自定义属性的目的及方便之处在于其反射或者晚期绑定中的应用，但过多的向目标定义属性会造成元数据不断扩大，并会影响程序的性能。因此.Net引出了条件属性类（ConditionalAttribute）来解决此问题。

ConditionalAttribute　仅对自定义属性有效，并且根据编译时 csc /define:condtionalParam 参数来判断是否将自定义属性生成到元数据。

 

ConditionalAttribute

[Conditional( " Debug " )]
internal class DebugAttribute : Attribute
{

}

[Conditional( " Release " )]
internal class ReleaseAttribute : Attribute
{

}

[Debug]
internal class DebugApp
{
internal static void ShowAttribute()
{
// IList<CustomAttributeData> attributes = CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(DebugApp));

// foreach (CustomAttributeData attribute in attributes)
// {
// Console.WriteLine("{0} is applied to DebugApp", attribute.ToString());
// }

Console.WriteLine( " Debug attribute is {0} applied to DebugApp " , Attribute.IsDefined( typeof (DebugApp), typeof (DebugAttribute)) ? "" : " not " );
}
}

[Release]
internal class ReleaseApp
{
internal static void ShowAttribute()
{
// IList<CustomAttributeData> attributes = CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(ReleaseApp));

// foreach (CustomAttributeData attribute in attributes)
// {
// Console.WriteLine("{0} is applied to ReleaseApp", attribute.ToString());
// }
Console.WriteLine( " Release attribute is {0} applied to ReleaseApp " , Attribute.IsDefined( typeof (ReleaseApp), typeof (ReleaseAttribute)) ? "" : " not " );
}
}

 

 

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/jerryshi/archive/2009/12/02/1615703.html