一、什么是Zuul
Zuul作为微服务系统的网关组件。所有从设备或网站来的请求都会经过Zuul到达后端,用于构建边界服务,致力于动态路由、过滤、监控、弹性伸缩和安全。Zuul底层利用各种filter来实现如:认证和安全、性能检测、动态路由、压力测试、负载均衡、静态资源处理。
二、Zuul和Nginx的区别
- 相同点
Zuul和Nginx都可以实现负载均衡、反向代理(隐藏真实ip地址),过滤请求,实现网关的效果
- 不同点
Nginx:C语言开发,采用服务器负载均衡
Zuul:java开发,使用eureka+ribbon实现负载均衡。
Nging相对Zuul更加强大,Nginx可以整合一些脚本语言。
三、Zuul学习
3.1、Demo搭建
Zuul的学习是在上一章工程基础之上建立的
- Maven
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud-parent</artifactId>
<groupId>com.yk</groupId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>springcloud-zuul</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
- application.properties
## Zuul 代理应用
spring.application.name = spring-cloud-zuul
## 服务端口
server.port = 6060
#配置eureka
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone = http://localhost:1234/eureka/
eureka.instance.hostname = localhost
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address = true
eureka.instance.instance-id=${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}:${server.port}
#配置zuul路由规则 指定spring-cloud-api-client http://localhost:6060/api-provider/* => http://localhost:802
zuul.routes.spring-cloud-api-client = /api-client/**
#Ribbon负载均衡配置
spring-cloud-api-client.ribbon.listOfServers = http://locahost:802
#忽略指定服务
#zuul.ignored-services= spring-cloud-api-client
- 启动入口
@EnableZuulProxy
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ZuulApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ZuulApplication.class,args);
}
}
- Demo演示
- 执行简图
3.2、ZuulFilter
- 创建RequestFilter
import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
public class RequestFilter extends ZuulFilter {
//这里可以处理逻辑
@Override
public Object run() throws ZuulException {
RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
System.out.println(String.format( request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString()));
// 对该请求进行路由
ctx.setSendZuulResponse(true);
ctx.setResponseStatusCode(200);
// 设值,让下一个Filter看到上一个Filter的状态
ctx.set("isSuccess", true);
return null;
}
// 前置过滤器
@Override
public String filterType() {
return "pre";
}
/**
* 优先级为0,数字越大,优先级越低
*/
@Override
public int filterOrder() {
return 0;
}
//是否执行该过滤器 false为不执行
@Override
public boolean shouldFilter() {
return true;
}
}
- 入口类增加RequestFilter Bean
@Bean
public RequestFilter requestFilter(){
return new RequestFilter();
}