经常使用 isset 判断变量或数组中的键是否存在,但是数组中可以使用 array_key_exists 这个函数,那么这两个
哪一个更优呢?
官方文档这样定义两者:
isset:语言构造器,用于检测变量是否已设置并且非 NULL,文档地址:http://php.net/manual/zh/function.isset.php
array_key_exists:函数,用于检查数组里是否有指定的键名或索引,文档地址:http://php.net/manual/zh/function.array-key-exists.php
注意:
1.isset 对于数组中为 NULL 的值不会返回 true,而 array_key_exists() 会
2.array_key_exists() 仅仅搜索第一维数组的键。多维数组里嵌套的键不会被搜到
接下来我们来对比一下两者的执行效率,测试代码如下:
#Example php version 5.2.5
<?php
2
3 $test_arr = array('aa'=>'dd','bb'=>'','cc'=>null,'dd'=>false);
4
5 echo "isset aa is ";var_dump(isset($test_arr['aa']));echo "\n";
6 echo "isset bb is ";var_dump(isset($test_arr['bb']));echo "\n";
7 echo "isset cc is ";var_dump(isset($test_arr['cc']));echo "\n";
8 echo "isset dd is ";var_dump(isset($test_arr['dd']));echo "\n";
9
10 //############################
11
12 echo "key_exist aa is ";var_dump(array_key_exists('aa',$test_arr));echo "\n";
13 echo "key_exist bb is ";var_dump(array_key_exists('bb',$test_arr));echo "\n";
14 echo "key_exist cc is ";var_dump(array_key_exists('cc',$test_arr));echo "\n";
15 echo "key_exist dd is ";var_dump(array_key_exists('dd',$test_arr));echo "\n";
16 echo "key_exist none is ";var_dump(array_key_exists('none',$test_arr));echo "\n";
17
18 //#############################
19
20 $start_time = microtime(true);
21 for($i = 0;$i < 10000;$i++) {
22 isset($test_arr['aa']);
23 }
24 $end_time = microtime(true);
25 $time = $end_time - $start_time;
26 echo "isset 10000 is $time\n";
27
28 $start_time = microtime(true);
29 for($i = 0;$i < 1000000;$i++) {
30 isset($test_arr['aa']);
31 }
32 $end_time = microtime(true);
33 $time = $end_time - $start_time;
34 echo "isset 1000000 is $time\n";
35
36 //##############################
37
38 $start_time = microtime(true);
39 for($i = 0;$i < 10000;$i++) {
40 array_key_exists('aa',$test_arr);
41 }
42 $end_time = microtime(true);
43 $time = $end_time - $start_time;
44 echo "array_key_exists 10000 is $time\n";
45
46 $start_time = microtime(true);
47 for($i = 0;$i < 1000000;$i++) {
48 array_key_exists('aa',$test_arr);
49 }
50 $end_time = microtime(true);
51 $time = $end_time - $start_time;
52 echo "array_key_exists 1000000 is $time\n";
53
54 //###############################
55
56 $start_time = microtime(true);
57 for($i = 0;$i < 10000;$i ++) {
58 in_array('dd',$test_arr);
59 }
60 $end_time = microtime(true);
61 $time = $end_time - $start_time;
62 echo "in_array 10000 is $time\n";
63
64 $start_time = microtime(true);
65 for($i = 0;$i < 1000000;$i++) {
66 in_array('dd',$test_arr);
67 }
68 $end_time = microtime(true);
69 $time = $end_time - $start_time;
70 echo "in_array 1000000 is $time\n";
-----------------------------------------------
输出结果
isset aa is bool(true)
isset bb is bool(true)
isset cc is bool(false)
isset dd is bool(true)
key_exist aa is bool(true)
key_exist bb is bool(true)
key_exist cc is bool(true)
key_exist dd is bool(true)
key_exist none is bool(false)
isset 10000 is 0.00150918960571
isset 1000000 is 0.113389968872
array_key_exists 10000 is 0.00272583961487
array_key_exists 1000000 is 0.272269964218
in_array 10000 is 0.00281500816345
in_array 1000000 is 0.281803131104
从上面的示例中我们可以看出 isset() 对应数组的 value 为 null 会返回 false,当对应数组为 空字符串或false 的时候
返回 true
array_key_exists() 只有数组不存在对应的 key 时才返回 false,其余返回 true
另外,从上面示例中也可以看出执行效率 isset > array_key_exists > in_array