多项式算法c语言,关于数据结构(C语言)多项式计算

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2013.06.02

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//头文件

#include

#include

#include

//定义多项式的项

typedef struct Polynomial{

float coef;

int expn;

struct Polynomial *next;

}*Polyn,Polynomial;

void Insert(Polyn p,Polyn h){

if(p->coef==0) free(p);//系数为0的话释放结点

else

{

Polyn q1,q2;

q1=h;

q2=h->next;

while(q2&&p->expnexpn)

{//查找插入位置

q1=q2;

q2=q2->next;

}

if(q2&&p->expn==q2->expn)

{//将指数相同相合并

q2->coef+=p->coef;

free(p);

if(!q2->coef)

{//系数为0的话释放结点

q1->next=q2->next;

free(q2);

}

}

else

{//指数为新时将结点插入

p->next=q2;

q1->next=p;

}

}

}

Polyn CreatePolyn(Polyn head,int m){

//建立一个头指针为head、项数为m的一元多项式

int i;

Polyn p;

p=head=(Polyn)malloc(sizeof(struct Polynomial));

head->next=NULL;

for(i=0;i

{

p=(Polyn)malloc(sizeof(struct Polynomial));//建立新结点以接收数据

printf("请输入第%d项的系数与指数:",i+1);

scanf("%f %d",&p->coef,&p->expn);

Insert(p,head);   //调用Insert函数插入结点

}

return head;

}

void DestroyPolyn(Polyn p){

//销毁多项式p

Polyn q1,q2;

q1=p->next;

q2=q1->next;

while(q1->next)

{

free(q1);

q1=q2;

q2=q2->next;

}

}

void PrintPolyn(Polyn P){

Polyn q=P->next;

int flag=1;//项数计数器

if(!q)

{ //若多项式为空，输出0

putchar('0');

printf("\n");

return;

}

while(q)

{

if(q->coef>0&&flag!=1) putchar('+'); //系数大于0且不是第一项

if(q->coef!=1&&q->coef!=-1)

{//系数非1或-1的普通情况

printf("%g",q->coef);

if(q->expn==1) putchar('X');

else if(q->expn) printf("X^%d",q->expn);

}

else

{

if(q->coef==1)

{

if(!q->expn) putchar('1');

else if(q->expn==1) putchar('X');

else printf("X^%d",q->expn);

}

if(q->coef==-1)

{

if(!q->expn) printf("-1");

else if(q->expn==1) printf("-X");

else printf("-X^%d",q->expn);

}

}

q=q->next;

flag++;

}

printf("\n");

}

int compare(Polyn a,Polyn b){

if(a&&b)

{

if(!b||a->expn>b->expn) return 1;

else if(!a||a->expnexpn) return -1;

else return 0;

}

else if(!a&&b) return -1;//a多项式已空，但b多项式非空

else return 1;//b多项式已空，但a多项式非空

}

Polyn AddPolyn(Polyn pa,Polyn pb){//求解并建立多项式a+b，返回其头指针

Polyn qa=pa->next;

Polyn qb=pb->next;

Polyn headc,hc,qc;

hc=(Polyn)malloc(sizeof(struct Polynomial));//建立头结点

hc->next=NULL;

headc=hc;

while(qa||qb)

{

qc=(Polyn)malloc(sizeof(struct Polynomial));

switch(compare(qa,qb)){

case 1:

{

qc->coef=qa->coef;

qc->expn=qa->expn;

qa=qa->next;

break;

}

case 0:

{

qc->coef=qa->coef+qb->coef;

qc->expn=qa->expn;

qa=qa->next;

qb=qb->next;

break;

}

case -1:

{

qc->coef=qb->coef;

qc->expn=qb->expn;

qb=qb->next;

break;

}

}

if(qc->coef!=0)

{

qc->next=hc->next;

hc->next=qc;

hc=qc;

}

else free(qc);//当相加系数为0时，释放该结点

}

return headc;

}

Polyn SubtractPolyn(Polyn pa,Polyn pb){//求解并建立多项式a-b，返回其头指针

Polyn h=pb;

Polyn p=pb->next;

Polyn pd;

while(p)

{           //将pb的系数取反

p->coef*=-1;

p=p->next;

}

pd=AddPolyn(pa,h);

for(p=h->next;p;p=p->next)    //恢复pb的系数

p->coef*=-1;

return pd;

}

int ValuePolyn(Polyn head,int x){

//输入x值，计算并返回多项式的值

Polyn p;

int i;

int sum=0,t;

for(p=head->next;p;p=p->next)

{

t=1;

for(i=p->expn;i!=0;)

{

if(i<0){t/=x;i++;}//指数小于0，进行除法

else{t*=x;i--;}//指数大于0，进行乘法

}

sum+=p->coef*t;

}

return sum;

}

Polyn Derivative(Polyn head){

//求解并建立导函数多项式，并返回其头指针

Polyn q=head->next,p1,p2,hd;

hd=p1=(Polyn)malloc(sizeof(struct Polynomial));//建立头结点

hd->next=NULL;

while(q)

{

if(q->expn!=0)

{               //该项不是常数项时

p2=(Polyn)malloc(sizeof(struct Polynomial));

p2->coef=q->coef*q->expn;

p2->expn=q->expn-1;

p2->next=p1->next;//连接结点

p1->next=p2;

p1=p2;

}

q=q->next;

}

return hd;

}

Polyn MultiplyPolyn(Polyn pa,Polyn pb){

//求解并建立多项式a*b，返回其头指针

Polyn hf,pf;

Polyn qa=pa->next;

Polyn qb=pb->next;

hf=(Polyn)malloc(sizeof(struct Polynomial));//建立头结点

hf->next=NULL;

for(;qa;qa=qa->next)

{

for(qb=pb->next;qb;qb=qb->next)

{

pf=(Polyn)malloc(sizeof(struct Polynomial));

pf->coef=qa->coef*qb->coef;

pf->expn=qa->expn+qb->expn;

Insert(pf,hf);//调用Insert函数以合并指数相同的项

}

}

return hf;

}

void main()

{

int m,n,a,x;

char flag;

Polyn pa=0,pb=0,pc;

printf("         欢迎使用多项式操作程序\n\n");

printf("请输入a的项数:");

scanf("%d",&m);

pa=CreatePolyn(pa,m);//建立多项式a

printf("请输入b的项数:");

scanf("%d",&n);

pb=CreatePolyn(pb,n);//建立多项式b

//输出菜单

printf("   *******************************************************\n");

printf("   *                   多项式操作程序                    *\n");

printf("   *                                                     *\n");

printf("   *       A:输出多项式             B:输出多项式b        *\n");

printf("   *                                                     *\n");

printf("   *       C:输出a的导数            D:输出b的导数        *\n");

printf("   *                                                     *\n");

printf("   *       E:代入x的值计算a         F:代入x的值计算b     *\n");

printf("   *                                                     *\n");

printf("   *       G:输出a+b                H:输出a-b            *\n");

printf("   *                                                     *\n");

printf("   *       I:输出a*b                J:退出程序           *\n");

printf("   *                                                     *\n");

printf("   *******************************************************\n");

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