介绍下websocket:
webSocket协议本质上是一个基于tcp的协议;
建立一个websocket连接,大体的过程:
1.客户端浏览器首先向服务器发起一个http请求,这个请求和平常的请求有什么不同呢?
多了一点附加头信息:"upgrade:web Socket” 表明我这申请的是一个websocket的http请求;
2.服务器收到请求后,解析这些附加的头信息,然后产生应答信息返回给客户端,这样,连接就建立了;
3.双方就可以通过这个连接通道自由的信息传递,这个连接会一直存在,直到一方自动关闭连接;
客户端到服务端:
GET /demo HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Key2: 12998 5 Y3 1 .P00
Upgrade: WebSocket
Sec-WebSocket-Key1: 4@1 46546xW%0l 1 5
Origin: http://example.com
[8-byte security key]
服务端到客户端:
HTTP/1.1 101 WebSocket Protocol Handshake
Upgrade: WebSocket
Connection: Upgrade
WebSocket-Origin: http://example.com
WebSocket-Location: ws://example.com/demo
[16-byte hash response]
从客户端到服务端请求的信息里面包含:‘Sec-webSocket-key1","Sec-WebSocket-key2"和“[8-byte security key]”这样的信息;这是客户端浏览器需要向服务端提供的握手信息,服务端解析这些头信息,并且在握手的过程中依据这些信息生成一个16位的安全密钥并返回给客户端,以表明服务器端获取了客户端的请求;
大致步骤:
1. 逐个字符读取 Sec-WebSocket-Key1 头信息中的值,将数值型字符连接到一起放到一个临时字符串里,同时统计所有空格的数量;
2. 将在第 1 步里生成的数字字符串转换成一个整型数字,然后除以第 1 步里统计出来的空格数量,将得到的浮点数转换成整数型;
3. 将第 2 步里生成的整型值转换为符合网络传输的网络字节数组;
4. 对 Sec-WebSocket-Key2 头信息同样进行第 1 到第 3 步的操作,得到另外一个网络字节数组;
5. 将 [8-byte security key] 和在第 3,第 4 步里生成的网络字节数组合并成一个 16 字节的数组;
6. 对第 5 步生成的字节数组使用 MD5 算法生成一个哈希值,这个哈希值就作为安全密钥返回给客户端,以表明服务器端获取了客户端的请求,同意创建 WebSocket 连接
var wsServer = 'ws://localhost:8888/Demo'; //连接地址
var websocket = new WebSocket(wsServer); //建立连接
websocket.onopen = function (evt) { onOpen(evt) }; //4个事件
websocket.onclose = function (evt) { onClose(evt) };
websocket.onmessage = function (evt) { onMessage(evt) };
websocket.onerror = function (evt) { onError(evt) };
function onOpen(evt) {
console.log("Connected to WebSocket server.");
}
function onClose(evt) {
console.log("Disconnected");
}
function onMessage(evt) {
console.log('Retrieved data from server: ' + evt.data);
}
function onError(evt) {
console.log('Error occured: ' + evt.data);
}
浏览器的支持情况:
浏览器 支持情况
Chrome Supported in version 4+
Firefox Supported in version 4+
Internet Explorer Supported in version 10+
Opera Supported in version 10+
Safari Supported in version 5+
正文来了:基于websocket制作的简单聊天系统;
client.html:
<style>
.kuang {
width: 600px;
min-height: 50px;
max-height: 296px;
border: 1px solid;
float: left;
display: block;
position: relative;
overflow-y: scroll;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="jumbotron bg-dark">
<h1 class="jumbotron-heading">WebSocket chat,欢迎使用:</h1>
</div>
<div class="input-group text-left">
<label>输入用户名:</label>
<input type="text" id="name" />
<button id="conn">连接</button>
<button id="close">断开</button>
</div>
<div class="input-group text-muted">
<div class="kuang" id="mess"></div>
</div>
<hr class="featurette-divider">
<div class="input-group text-left">
<input type="text" class="value" id="value1" />
<button id="send">发送</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
简单的界面,大致效果就是这样的:
然后实现逻辑代码:
var ws = new WebSocket('ws://127.0.0.1:8082');
ws.onopen = function (e) {
console.log("连接服务器成功");
}
ws.onmessage = function (e) {
value1.removeAttribute("readOnly");
var time = new Date();
mess.innerHTML += time.toUTCString() + ":" + e.data + "<br>";
document.getElementById("send").onclick = function (e) {
ws.send(input.value + "说:" + value1.value);
value1.value = " ";
}
document.onkeydown = function (e) {
e = e || window.event;
if (e.keyCode == 13) {
document.getElementById("send").onclick();
return false;
}
}
}
ws.onclose = function (e) {
console.log("服务器关闭");
}
ws.onerror = function () {
console.log("连接出错");
}
连接地址:ws://127.0.0.1:8082 那是哪里来的呢? (注意http请求则是写成http://xxx,https请求则是https://xxx;ws当然是ws://xxx);
wbsocket只是客服端,地址当然是从我们的服务端给的呀;
服务端的搭建采用了一个这样的库:
var server = ws.createServer(function (conn) {
conn.on('text', function (str) {
})
conn.on("close", function (code, reason) {
console.log("关闭连接");
})
conn.on("error", function (code, reason) {
console.log("异常关闭");
});
}).listen(8082);
console.log("websocket连接完毕")
好了,websocket连接算是建立啦!
下面展示下具体代码:
client.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script src="jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style>
.kuang {
width: 600px;
min-height: 50px;
max-height: 296px;
border: 1px solid;
float: left;
display: block;
position: relative;
overflow-y: scroll;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="jumbotron bg-dark">
<h1 class="jumbotron-heading">WebSocket chat,欢迎使用:</h1>
</div>
<div class="input-group text-left">
<label>输入用户名:</label>
<input type="text" id="name" />
<button id="conn">连接</button>
<button id="close">断开</button>
</div>
<div class="input-group text-muted">
<div class="kuang" id="mess"></div>
</div>
<hr class="featurette-divider">
<div class="input-group text-left">
<input type="text" class="value" id="value1" />
<button id="send">发送</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
var input = document.getElementById("name");
var conn = document.getElementById("conn");
var close = document.getElementById("close");
var mess = document.getElementById("mess");
var value1 = document.getElementById("value1");
var pattern = /^[\u4e00-\u9fa5]{2,10}$/;
close.disabled = true;
if (window.WebSocket) {
conn.onclick = function () {
if (!pattern.test(input.value)) {
alert("名称不能为空且必须为中文");
return;
}
var ws = new WebSocket('ws://127.0.0.1:8082');
conn.disabled = true;
close.disabled = false;
ws.onopen = function (e) {
console.log("连接服务器成功");
ws.send(input.value);
input.setAttribute("readOnly", 'true');
value1.setAttribute("readOnly", 'true');
}
ws.onmessage = function (e) {
value1.removeAttribute("readOnly");
var time = new Date();
mess.innerHTML += time.toUTCString() + ":" + e.data + "<br>";
document.getElementById("send").onclick = function (e) {
ws.send(input.value + "说:" + value1.value);
value1.value = " ";
}
document.onkeydown = function (e) {
e = e || window.event;
if (e.keyCode == 13) {
document.getElementById("send").onclick();
return false;
}
}
}
ws.onclose = function (e) {
console.log("服务器关闭");
}
ws.onerror = function () {
console.log("连接出错");
}
close.onclick = function () {
ws.onclose();
ws.send(input.value + 'close' + "了连接");
input.removeAttribute("readOnly");
conn.disabled = false;
close.disabled = true;
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
server.js
var ws = require("nodejs-websocket");
console.log("开始建立连接...");
var str1 = null, str2 = null, clientReady = false, serverReady = false;
var a = [];
var server = ws.createServer(function (conn) {
conn.on('text', function (str) {
a.push(str);
if (!clientReady) {
if (a[0] === str) {
str1 = conn;
clientReady = true;
str1.sendText("欢迎你" + str);
}
} else if (!serverReady) {
if (str.indexOf('close') >= 0) {
a.splice(2,1);
clientReady = false;
str1=null;
return;
}
if (a[1] === str) {
str2 = conn;
serverReady = true;
str2.sendText("欢迎你" + str);
str1.sendText(str + "在线啦,你们可以聊天啦");
return;
}
} else if (clientReady && serverReady) {
str2.sendText(str);
str1.sendText(str);
if (str.indexOf('close') >= 0) {
a.splice(2, a.length);
var len = a.length;
for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
// 定位该元素位置
if (str.indexOf(a[i])>=0) {
a.splice(i,1);
if(i==0){
str1=str2;
}
serverReady = false;
str2=null;
return;
}
}
}
}
})
conn.on("close", function (code, reason) {
console.log("关闭连接");
clientReady = false;
serverReady = false;
})
conn.on("error", function (code, reason) {
console.log("异常关闭");
});
}).listen(8082);
console.log("websocket连接完毕")
实现双人聊天,client.html开启两个窗口就行!
详细代码在github上:
https://github.com/sulishibaobei/websocket-