面向对象（二十九）

面向对象设计：

 

def dog(name,type,color):
    def voice(dog):
        print("%s can wangwangwang "
        %dog["name"] )
        
    def run(dog):
        print("%s can run" %(dog["name"]))
        
    def show(dog):
        print("%s, %s, %s" %(dog["name"],dog["type"],dog["color"]))
    def init(name,type,color):
        dic={
            "name":name,
            "type" :type,
            "color" :color,
            "voice" :voice,
            "run":run,
            "show":show
        }
        return dic
    res = init(name,type,color)
    return res
    
dog1 = dog("a","zhong","red")
dog1["voice"](dog1)
dog1["show"](dog1)

 

面向对象编程

实例只有变量属性，没有函数属性

class People:
    '这是一个人类'
    def __init__(self,name,sex,age):
        print("初始化...")
        self.name = name
        self.sex = sex
        self.age = age
    def work(self):
        print("%s is working" %(self.name))
    def eating(self):
        print("%s is eating food" %(self.name))
    def show_self(self):
        print("my name is %s ,age is %d, sex is %s"
              %(self.name,self.age,self.sex))


p1 = People("alex","man",18)
print(p1) # <__main__.People object at 0x000001839BD64E48>
print(p1.__dict__) # {'sex': 'man', 'age': 18, 'name': 'alex'}
print(People.__dict__) # {'__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'People' objects>, '__module__': '__main__',
                        # '__init__': <function People.__init__ at 0x000001921A677B70>,
                        # '__doc__': None, 'eating': <function People.eating at 0x000001921ABF5C80>,
                        # 'work': <function People.work at 0x000001921ABF5B70>,
                        # 'show_self': <function People.show_self at 0x000001921ABF5BF8>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'People' objects>}

print(p1.__dict__["name"]) # alex
print(p1.name,p1.sex,p1.age)
p1.show_self()
People.eating(p1)

 

类的属性又称静态变量，或静态数据，这些数据与他们所属的类对象绑定，不依赖于任何实例

类的增删改查

class People:
    '这是一个人类'
    country="China"
    def __init__(self,name,sex,age):
        print("初始化...")
        self.name = name
        self.sex = sex
        self.age = age
    def work(self):
        print("%s is working" %(self.name))
    def eating(self):
        print("%s is eating food" %(self.name))
    def show_self(self):
        print("my name is %s ,age is %d, sex is %s"
              %(self.name,self.age,self.sex))


p1 = People("alex","man",18)
print(p1) # <__main__.People object at 0x000001839BD64E48>
print(p1.__dict__) # {'sex': 'man', 'age': 18, 'name': 'alex'}
print(People.__dict__) # {'__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'People' objects>, '__module__': '__main__',
                        # '__init__': <function People.__init__ at 0x000001921A677B70>,
                        # '__doc__': None, 'eating': <function People.eating at 0x000001921ABF5C80>,
                        # 'work': <function People.work at 0x000001921ABF5B70>,
                        # 'show_self': <function People.show_self at 0x000001921ABF5BF8>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'People' objects>}

print(p1.__dict__["name"]) # alex
print(p1.name,p1.sex,p1.age)
p1.show_self()
People.eating(p1)

# 查看类的属性
print(People.country) # China
print(p1.country) # China
# 修改类的属性
People.country = "CHINA"
print(People.country) # CHINA
print(p1.country) # CHINA
# 增加
# print(p1.color) #  white 报错
People.color = 'white'
print(People.color) #  white
print(p1.color) #  white
# 删除
del People.color
# print(People.color) #  white 报错

 

静态属性 

@property

class Room:
    def __init__(self,name,width,length,height):
        self.Name = name
        self.Width = width
        self.Len = length
        self.Height = height

    @property
    def cal_volume(self):
        return self.Width * self.Len * self.Height

r1 = Room('zhangshan',10,20,30)
v = r1.cal_volume # 以属性的方式调用
print(v) #　6000
print(r1.__dict__) # {'Name': 'zhangshan', 'Width': 10, 'Len': 20, 'Height': 30}

View Code

 

静态方法

@staticmethod
一个类的工具包，只是名义上归属类管理，不能使用类变量和实例变量

class Room:
    num = 2046
    def __init__(self,name,width,length,height):
        self.Name = name
        self.Width = width
        self.Len = length
        self.Height = height

    @property
    def cal_volume(self):
        return self.Width * self.Len * self.Height
    @classmethod
    def tell_info(cls,adress):
        print("类方法：%s,%d" %(adress,cls.num))

    @staticmethod
    def clean_room(name):
        print("%s打扫room" %(name))

Room.clean_room("lisi")
r1 = Room('zhangshan',10,20,30)
r1.clean_room("zhangshan")

View Code

类方法

@classmethod

类调用自己的方法，跟实例没有什么关系

class Room:
    num = 2046
    def __init__(self,name,width,length,height):
        self.Name = name
        self.Width = width
        self.Len = length
        self.Height = height

    @property
    def cal_volume(self):
        return self.Width * self.Len * self.Height
    @classmethod
    def tell_info(cls,adress):
        print("类方法：%s,%d" %(adress,cls.num))

Room.tell_info('门牌号') # 类方法：门牌号,2046

View Code

 

组合

定义一个人的类，人有头、躯干、手脚等数据属性，这几个属性又可以是通过一个类实例化的对象，这就是组合

用途：

1.做关联

2.小的组成大的

class Hand:
    pass
class Foot:
    pass
class Head:
    pass
class Trunk:
    pass

class Person:
    def __init__(self,id,name):
        self.Id = id
        self.Name = name
        self.hand = Hand()
        self.foot = Foot()
        self.head = Head()
        self.trunk = Trunk()

print(Person.__dict__)
'''
{'__module__': '__main__', '__init__': <function Person.__init__ at 0x01689738>, 
'__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'Person' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'Person' objects>,
 '__doc__': None}
'''
p1 = Person(2046,'zhangsan')
print(p1.__dict__)
'''
{'Id': 2046, 'Name': 'zhangsan', 'hand': <__main__.Hand object at 0x021F7FF0>, 
'foot': <__main__.Foot object at 0x021FF030>, 'head': <__main__.Head object at 0x021FF070>, 
'trunk': <__main__.Trunk object at 0x021FF090>}
'''

View Code

class School:
    def __init__(self,name,addr):
        self.Name = name
        self.Addr = addr
    def zhao_sheng(self):
        print("%s 正在招生" %(self.Name))

class Course:
    def __init__(self,lesson,price,period,school):
        self.Lesson = lesson
        self.Price = price
        self.Period = period
        self.Sch = school

s1 = School('Tihuang','Peking')
s2 = School('Beida','Peking')
s3 = School('TimeL','shenzhen')

# L = Course("linux",1000,4,s1)
# print(L.__dict__) #{'Lesson': 'linux', 'Price': 1000, 'Period': 4, 'Sch': <__main__.School object at 0x02497F90>}
#
# L.Sch.zhao_sheng()

menu = {
    "1":s1,
    "2":s2,
    "3":s3
}

s = input(">>:")
obj = menu[s]
L = Course("linux",1000,4,obj)
L.Sch.zhao_sheng()
print(L.Sch.Name,L.Sch.Addr)

View Code

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiangtingshen/p/10453779.html