Problem 2: Even Fibonacci numbers
Each new term in the Fibonacci sequence is generated by adding the previous two terms. By starting with 1 and 2, the first 10 terms will be:
1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, ...
By considering the terms in the Fibonacci sequence whose values do not exceed four million, find the sum of the even-valued terms.
斐波那契数列中的每一项被定义为前两项之和。要求找出该数列中值为不超过 4 百万的偶数的项之和。
网友题解:发现34是48+2 144=434+2 ···
解:Prelude> sum $ takeWhile (<=4000000) $ map fst $ iterate (\(a,b)->(b,a+4*b)) (2,8)
有没有一种可以得到前n偶数项和的通项公式呢
综合上面两个规律:
有两个公式:
$$ a_n =\displaystyle \frac {\sqrt{5}}{5} * ({\frac {(1+\sqrt{5} )^n - (1-\sqrt{5})^n}{2^n} } ) $$
$$ a_n = 4a_{n-3}+2 $$ -> 转化为 $$ a_n = 4a_{n-1}+2 $$ 对于数列 8 34 144 ....
解法如下:
- 由公式1 二分求出 满足条件的最大值 n
- 由公式2 构造等比数列 {$${a_{n} + \frac{2}{3}}} 为等比数列
- 得到$${a_{n} = \frac{26}{3} * 4^{n-1} - \frac{2}{3}}$$
代码如下(时间复杂度 logN):
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