Python Snippet （一）

//注意Linux主机

//删除指定目录中文件名以 .tmp 为后缀的文件

 1 #!/usr/bin/python
 2 import os , glob
 3 dirname  =  '/tmp'
 4 allpy  =  glob.glob(os.path.join(dirname,'*'))
 5 for filename in allpy:
 6     filesize  =  os.path.getsize(filename)
 7     if(filename.endswith('tmp')):
 8         try:
 9             os.remove(filename)
10         except:
11             continue

//输出指定文件夹（包括子文件夹）中最大的两个文件

 1 #!/usr/bin/python
 2 import os
 3 dirname = '/tmp'
 4 allsize = []
 5 for (root,dirs,files) in os.walk(dirname):
 6     for filename in files:
 7         fullname  =  os.path.join(root,filename)
 8         filesize  =  os.path.getsize(fullname)
 9         allsize.append((filesize,fullname))
10 allsize.sort()
11 print allsize[-2:]

//删除指定文件（包括子文件夹）中的所有文件及文件夹

 

1 import os
2 for root, dirs, files in os.walk(top, topdown=False):
3     for name in files:
4         os.remove(os.path.join(root, name))
5     for name in dirs:
6         os.rmdir(os.path.join(root, name))

 //删除指定文件中的文件序列

 1 #!/usr/bin/python
 2 import os
 3 sequence       =  raw_input('Sequence:')
 4 sequence_start =  int(raw_input('Start_Frame:'))
 5 sequence_end   =  int(raw_input('End_Frame:'))
 6 #remove the whitespace before or after the  'sequence'
 7 sequence       =  sequence.strip()
 8 lst            =  sequence.split('/')
 9 sequence_path  =  sequence[:-len(lst[-1])]
10 sequence_name  =  lst[-1]
11 filename_lst       =  sequence_name.split('#')
12 padding        =  len(filename_lst[1:-1])+1
13 for index in range(sequence_start,sequence_end+1,1):
14     file_path = sequence_path + filename_lst[0] + (padding-len(str(index)))*'0' + str(index) + filename_lst[-1]
15     os.remove(file_path)
16       

运行后分别输入：

/srv/scratch/houdini_zpeng/Render/ship/shipA####.tif

101

300

会把序列文件shipA####.tif 从101-300帧删除

//找到文件的绝对路径

1 >>> os.path.abspath('memo.txt')
2 '/Users/csev/memo.txt'

// 判断文件或文件夹是否存在

1 >>> os.path.isdir('memo.txt')
2 False
3 >>> os.path.isdir('music')
4 True

//返回给定目录地址的文件夹和文件列表:

1 >>> os.listdir(cwd)
2 ['music', 'photos', 'memo.txt']

//得到文件夹（包含子文件夹）中txt文件的数量

1 import os
2 count = 0
3 for (dirname, dirs, files) in os.walk('.'):
4     for filename in files:
5         if filename.endswith('.txt') :
6             count = count + 1
7 print 'Files:', count

OUTPUT:

python txtcount.py
Files: 1917

 os.walk 会递归的进入所有的文件夹和子文件夹，'.'字符表示当前文件夹。

//从命令行读取参数

1 import sys
2 print 'Count:', len(sys.argv)
3 print 'Type:', type(sys.argv)
4 for arg in sys.argv:
5     print 'Argument:', arg

sys.argv 内容是字符串类型的列表，列表的第一个是程序的名字，剩下的是在command line中程序名字后面的参数

 

//程序argtest从command line 接受多个参数

1 python argtest.py hello there

OUTPUT:

Count: 3
Type: <type 'list'>
Argument: argtest.py
Argument: hello
Argument: there

//sys.argv的另一个例子

1 import sys
2 name = sys.argv[1]
3 handle = open(name, 'r')
4 text = handle.read()
5 print name, 'is', len(text), 'bytes'

OUTPUT:

1 python argfile.py mbox-short.txt
2 mbox-short.txt is 94626 bytes

 

 

//PIPE  

//任何从Shell启动的程序（process），你都可以利用Python的“Pipe"来启动，A pipe is an object that represents a running process.
//利用 os.popen 启动 ls:upperCaseList

1 >>> cmd = 'ls -l'
2 >>> fp = os.popen(cmd)

os.popen的参数是一个字符串，包含一个命令，返回值是一个  file pointer， 类似 open file. 你可以利用readline（每次读一行）或者read（一下全部读完），来读取ls -l 进程（process）的执行结果。

>>> res = fp.read()

//完成操作后，你可以类似file的关闭，关闭pipe

>>> stat = fp.close()
>>> print stat
None

fp.close()返回ls 进程（process）的执行状态，None 表示 正常关闭（没有错误）

 

//抓取一个网页，分析素据，其基本数据形式如下：

<tr><td>Modu</td><td><span class="comments">90</span></td></tr>
<tr><td>Kenzie</td><td><span class="comments">88</span></td></tr>
<tr><td>Hubert</td><td><span class="comments">87</span></td></tr>

//抓取span标签中的数字，把个数和总和计算出来

 1 import urllib
 2 from BeautifulSoup import *
 3 url  = raw_input("Enter -")
 4 html = urllib.urlopen(url).read()
 5 soup = BeautifulSoup(html)
 6 sum = 0
 7 count = 0
 8 spans = soup("span")
 9 for span in spans:
10     value = span.contents[0]  //获取标签中的数值， 获取所有属性span.attrs,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　//获取某个属性的值span.get('class', None),如果属性不存在，返回None
11     if value:
12         count +=1
13         sum +=int(value)
14 print("Count %s" % count)
15 print("Sum %s" % sum)

//输入网址：http://python-data.dr-chuck.net/comments_217954.html，得到如下数据

Enter - http://python-data.dr-chuck.net/comments_217954.html 
Count 50
Sum 2591

 //newList = [do something for variable in old list if condition]

1 mixedList = [1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
2 upperCaseList = [item.upper() for item in mixedList if isinstance(item, str)]
3 upperCaseList

   //Stackflow一个比较好的groupby例子

 1 from operator import itemgetter
 2 from itertools import *  3  4 data1=[01,02,03,10,11,100,9999]  5 data2=[0001,0002,0003,0010,0011,0100,9999]  6 data3=['image_0001','image_0002','image_0003','image_0010','image_0011','image_0011-2','image_0011-3','image_0100','image_9999']  7  8 list1 = []  9 for k, g in groupby(enumerate(data1), lambda (i,x):i-x): 10 list1.append(map(itemgetter(1), g)) 11 print 'data1' 12 print list1 13 14 list2 = [] 15 for k, g in groupby(enumerate(data2), lambda (i,x):i-x): 16 list2.append(map(itemgetter(1), g)) 17 print '\ndata2' 18 print list2

运行结果：

data1
[[1, 2, 3], [10, 11], [100], [9999]]

data2
[[1, 2, 3], [8, 9], [64], [9999]]

 //Stackflow上关于怎么查看序列文件的一个解决方法  

 1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 import itertools
 3 import re
 4 
 5 DATA = ["image_0001", "image_0002", "image_0003",
 6         "image_0010", "image_0011",
 7         "image_0011-1", "image_0011-2", "image_0011-3",
 8         "image_0100", "image_9999"]
 9 
10 def extract_number(name):
11     return re.findall(r"\d+$",name)[0]
12 
13 def collapse_group(group):
14     if len(group) == 1:
15         return group[0][1]
16     first = extract_number(group[0][1])
17     last  = extract_number(group[-1][1])
18 
19     length = len(str(int(last)))
20 
21     return "%s[%s-%s]" % (group[0][1][:-length],first[-length:],last[-length:])
22 
23 groups = [collapse_group(tuple(group)) for key, group in itertools.groupby(enumerate(DATA),lambda(index,name):index - int(extract_number(name)))]
24 for i  in groups:
25     print i

输出结果：

1 image_000[1-3]
2 image_00[10-11]
3 image_0011-[1-3]
4 image_0100
5 image_9999

// format 格式

字典的用法

 

1 robot = dict(
2             name = "Blender",
3             numCPU = 160,
4             version = "3.01c",
5             memory = 64,
6             releaseDate = 2020
7 )
8 print "Here is new robot - {name},it has {numCPU} CPU's, {memory} GB of memory,\n " \
9       "OS version: {version},it will be available in year {releaseDate}.".format(**robot)

 

显示

1 Here is new robot - Blender,it has 160 CPU's, 64 GB of memory,
2  OS version: 3.01c,it will be available in year 2020.

list 用法

1 user = ["Peng","age","Male"]
2 print "User name is {0}, Age:{1},Sex:{2}".format(*user)

输出显示：

1 User name is Peng, Age:age,Sex:Male

 format 填充

print "{0:#^30}\n{1:.^30}".format("","HELLO")

输出：

1 ##############################
2 ............HELLO.............

{1：.^30}  :  1表示取“HELLO",  .是填充字符，^表示居中对齐，30 表示宽度

1 def nice_print():
2     result = ''
3     for x in range(1,11):
4         result +="{0}{0:.>10}*{0} = {1} \n".format(x,x*x)
5     print result
6 nice_print()

输出：

 1 1.........1*1 = 1 
 2 2.........2*2 = 4 
 3 3.........3*3 = 9 
 4 4.........4*4 = 16 
 5 5.........5*5 = 25 
 6 6.........6*6 = 36 
 7 7.........7*7 = 49 
 8 8.........8*8 = 64 
 9 9.........9*9 = 81 
10 10........10*10 = 100 

^、<、>分别是居中、左对齐、右对齐，后面带宽度

'{:>8}'.format('189')

输出：

'   189'

'{:0>8}'.format('189')

输出：

'00000189'

'{:a>8}'.format('189')

输出：

'aaaaa189'

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/peng-vfx/p/5021814.html