Tomcat下载安装使用教程，servlet和api（生命周期）简介

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-21 09:48:10 发布
最新推荐文章于 2022-03-21 09:48:10 发布
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文章标签： java web.xml runtime
原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/pandam/p/11255072.html
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1．Tomcat的下载与安装

(1)下载Tomcat

官网地址：http://tomcat.apache.org/whichversion.html

 


(2)安装Tomcat

Tomcat有安装版和解压版（绿色版）

安装版以.exe形式的安装包，双击安装到我们的电脑上，用的比较少

解压版，即绿色版，解压后直接使用，用的比较多

 


2．Tomcat的目录结构

 


 

bin：脚本目录

         启动脚本：startup.bat

         停止脚本：shutdown.bat

conf：配置文件目录 (config /configuration)

         核心配置文件：server.xml

         用户权限配置文件：tomcat-users.xml

         所有web项目默认配置文件：web.xml

lib：依赖库，tomcat和web项目中需要使用的jar包

logs：日志文件.

         localhost_access_log.*.txt tomcat记录用户访问信息，星*表示时间。

         例如：localhost_access_log.2016-02-28.txt

temp：临时文件目录，文件夹内内容可以任意删除。

webapps：默认情况下发布WEB项目所存放的目录。

work：tomcat处理JSP的工作目录。

 

3．Tomcate的启动与运行

双击Tomcat下的bin下的startup.bat启动Tomcat

 


 

 

 

在浏览器的地址栏中输入http://localhost:8080,看到如下页面证明启动成功

 


Tomcat启动不成功的原因分析：

1）如果没有配置JAVA_HOME环境变量，在双击“startup.bat”文件运行tomcat              时，将一闪立即关闭。且必须配置正确，及JAVA_HOME指向JDK的安装目录

2）端口冲突

java.net.BindException: Address already in use: JVM_Bind <null>:8080

修改Tomcat/conf/server.xml

 

 

注意：WEB-INF目录是受保护

1．使用Eclipse绑定Tomcat并发布应用

     步骤1：获得服务器运行环境配置，Window/Preferences/Server/Runtime Environmen

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

步骤2：添加服务器

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

步骤3：选择服务器在硬盘的地址，然后所有的都是确定/Next/Finish

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                

             步骤4：完成成功

 

 

 

 

 

 

         步骤5：设置发布位置

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                修改tomcat发布的位置

 

 

 

       步骤6：项目右键/Run As/Run on Server

 

     

JavaWeb核心之Servlet

Servlet是再服务器里面的，是服务带的。项目如果不陪服务器，Servlet就用不了

 

二、Servlet简介

（接口），用来处理客户端请求、响应给浏览器的动态资源。Servlet就是类，既然是类是个接口就得实现类

实现步骤：

1）创建类实现Servlet接口

2）覆盖尚未实现的方法---重点实现service方法

3）在web.xml进行servlet的配置

但在实际开发中，我们不会直接去实现Servlet接口，因为那样需要覆盖的方法太多，    我们一般创建类继承HttpServlet

 

 

 

 

 

 

             

 

 

实现步骤：

1）创建类继承HttpServlet类

2）覆盖doGet和doPost

3）在web.xml中进行servlet的配置

三、Servlet的API（生命周期）请求和响应的生命周期

 

 

 

 

你的客户端在请求的时候又http协议包装成http请求，又TomCat解析之后立马创建了request（请求）和response（响应），在创建的时候response（响应）立没有东西的，是空的。

 

 

(1)Servlet接口中的方法

1）init(ServletConfig config)

何时执行：servlet对象创建的时候执行

ServletConfig ： 代表的是该servlet对象的配置信息

 

 

 


可以通过ServletConfig config获取到这些东西，


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2）service（ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response）

何时执行：每次请求都会执行

ServletRequest ：代表请求 认为ServletRequest 内部封装的是                                                                            

            http请求的信息

ServletResponse ：代表响应 认为要封装的是响应的信息

 

3）destroy()

何时执行：servlet销毁的时候执行

HttpServlet类的方法

1）init()

2）doGet(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)

3）doPost(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)

4）destroy()

 

(2)三种路径

 

1）完全匹配 访问的资源与配置的资源完全相同才能访问到

 


2）目录匹配 格式：/虚拟的目录../*   *代表任意

 


3）扩展名匹配 格式：*.扩展名

 

 



转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/pandam/p/11255072.html

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