Java多线程之ThreadLocal类及应用技巧

示例:

 

package javaplay.thread.test;

import java.util.Random;

public class ThreadLocalTest {

	// 相当于一个hashmap,数据是线程范围内的,一个线程一个数据,特别简单
	static ThreadLocal<Integer> x = new ThreadLocal<Integer>();

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
			new Thread(new Runnable() {

				@Override
				public void run() {
					int data = new Random().nextInt();
					System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " has put data : " + data);
					x.set(data);// 以当前线程相关存
					new A().get();
					new B().get();
				}

			}).start();

		}
	}

	static class A {
		public void get() {
			int data = x.get();// 以当前线相关取
			System.out.println("A from " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " get data : " + data);
		}
	}

	static class B {
		public void get() {
			int data = x.get();
			System.out.println("B from " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " get data : " + data);
		}
	}
}

 

output:

 

Thread-0 has put data : 34039172
Thread-1 has put data : -1214045336
A from Thread-1 get data : -1214045336
A from Thread-0 get data : 34039172
B from Thread-1 get data : -1214045336
B from Thread-0 get data : 34039172


假设我们有多个线程需要范围内的共享数据,那么我们的代码就得改成下面的形式了:思路是把 其他属性的值打包成一个类或者使用多个ThreadLocal类,因为一个只能放一个数据

 

 

package javaplay.thread.test;

import java.util.Random;

public class ThreadLocalTest {

	// 相当于一个hashmap,数据是线程范围内的,一个线程一个数据,特别简单
	static ThreadLocal<Integer> x = new ThreadLocal<Integer>();
	static ThreadLocal<MyThreadScopeData> myThreadScopeData = new ThreadLocal<MyThreadScopeData>();

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
			new Thread(new Runnable() {

				@Override
				public void run() {
					int data = new Random().nextInt();
					System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " has put data : " + data);
					x.set(data);// 以当前线程相关存
					MyThreadScopeData myData = new MyThreadScopeData();
					myData.setName("name" + data);
					myData.setAge(data);
					myThreadScopeData.set(myData);
					new A().get();
					new B().get();
				}

			}).start();

		}
	}

	static class A {
		public void get() {
			int data = x.get();// 以当前线相关取
			System.out.println("A from " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " get data : " + data);
			MyThreadScopeData myData = myThreadScopeData.get();
			System.out.println("A from " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " getMyData: " + myData.getName() + "," + myData.getAge());
		}
	}

	static class B {
		public void get() {
			int data = x.get();
			System.out.println("B from " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " get data : " + data);
		}
	}
}

class MyThreadScopeData {
	private String name;
	private int age;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

}

output:

 

 

Thread-0 has put data : -1267206375
Thread-1 has put data : -1073718559
A from Thread-0 get data : -1267206375
A from Thread-1 get data : -1073718559
A from Thread-0 getMyData: name-1267206375,-1267206375
A from Thread-1 getMyData: name-1073718559,-1073718559
B from Thread-1 get data : -1073718559
B from Thread-0 get data : -1267206375

上面的代码虽然实现了功能,但是代码实现是很垃圾,一个线程有一个实例,那么多个线程就有多个实例,所以我们还要对代码进行修改,一种更优雅的方式如下:

 

 

package javaplay.thread.test;

import java.util.Random;

public class ThreadLocalTest {

	// 相当于一个hashmap,数据是线程范围内的,一个线程一个数据,特别简单
	static ThreadLocal<Integer> x = new ThreadLocal<Integer>();
	static ThreadLocal<MyThreadScopeData> myThreadScopeData = new ThreadLocal<MyThreadScopeData>();

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
			new Thread(new Runnable() {

				@Override
				public void run() {
					int data = new Random().nextInt();
					System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " has put data : " + data);
					x.set(data);// 以当前线程相关存
					// MyThreadScopeData myData = new MyThreadScopeData();
					// myData.setName("name" + data);
					// myData.setAge(data);
					// myThreadScopeData.set(myData);
					MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance().setName("name" + data);
					MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance().setAge(data);
					new A().get();
					new B().get();
				}

			}).start();

		}
	}

	static class A {
		public void get() {
			int data = x.get();// 以当前线相关取
			System.out.println("A from " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " get data : " + data);
			// MyThreadScopeData myData = myThreadScopeData.get();
			// System.out.println("A from " + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
			// " getMyData: " + myData.getName() + "," + myData.getAge());
			MyThreadScopeData myData = MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance();
			System.out.println("A from " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " getMyData: " + myData.getName() + "," + myData.getAge());
		}
	}

	static class B {
		public void get() {
			int data = x.get();
			System.out.println("B from " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " get data : " + data);
			MyThreadScopeData myData = MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance();
			System.out.println("B from " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " getMyData: " + myData.getName() + "," + myData.getAge());
		}
	}
}

class MyThreadScopeData {
	private MyThreadScopeData() {
	}

	// 此时可不用synchronized因为ThreadLocal本来就是线程独立的,不存在两个线程去搞同一份数据
	// 每个线程都操作自己线程相关的实例
	public static /* synchronized */ MyThreadScopeData getThreadInstance() {
		MyThreadScopeData instance = map.get();
		if (instance == null) {
			instance = new MyThreadScopeData();
			map.set(instance);
		}
		return instance;
	}

	// private static MyThreadScopeData instance =null;// = new
	// MyThreadScopeData();
	private static ThreadLocal<MyThreadScopeData> map = new ThreadLocal<MyThreadScopeData>();
	private String name;
	private int age;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

}

 

output:

 

Thread-0 has put data : -560329700
Thread-1 has put data : 1731260003
A from Thread-1 get data : 1731260003
A from Thread-0 get data : -560329700
A from Thread-1 getMyData: name1731260003,1731260003
A from Thread-0 getMyData: name-560329700,-560329700
B from Thread-0 get data : -560329700
B from Thread-1 get data : 1731260003
B from Thread-0 getMyData: name-560329700,-560329700
B from Thread-1 getMyData: name1731260003,1731260003

在线程结束时可调用ThreadLocal.clear(),这样会更快释放内存,不调用也可以,因为线程结束后也可以自动释放相关的ThreadLocal变量,因为有时ThreadLocal变量可能会存有大量的数据(日程月累),对应于有很多线程的时候,它本身就是一个map; 

 

补充:

虚拟机死亡时会有一个钩子,线程死亡时应该也有类似的机制,但目前还没有查到,或许jdk并没有提供;

 

 

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/john8169/p/9780555.html

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