Structural Patterns :Composite-CSDN博客

Gieno Design Patterns : Composite

Composite

definition

Compose objects into tree structures to represent part-whole hierarchies. Composite lets clients treat individual objects and compositions of objects uniformly。

Frequency of use: medium high

participants

The classes and/or objects participating in this pattern are:

Component (DrawingElement)
- declares the interface for objects in the composition.
- implements default behavior for the interface common to all classes, as appropriate.
- declares an interface for accessing and managing its child components.
- (optional) defines an interface for accessing a component's parent in the recursive structure, and implements it if that's appropriate.
Leaf (PrimitiveElement)
- represents leaf objects in the composition. A leaf has no children.
- defines behavior for primitive objects in the composition.
Composite (CompositeElement)
- defines behavior for components having children.
- stores child components.
- implements child-related operations in the Component interface.
Client (CompositeApp)
- manipulates objects in the composition through the Component interface.

sample code in C#

This structural code demonstrates the Composite pattern which allows the creation of a tree structure in which individual nodes are accessed uniformly whether they are leaf nodes or branch (composite) nodes.

// Composite pattern -- Structural example

using System;
using System.Collections;

namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Composite.Structural
{

  // MainApp test application

  class MainApp
  {
    static void Main()
    {
      // Create a tree structure
      Composite root = new Composite("root");
      root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf A"));
      root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf B"));

      Composite comp = new Composite("Composite X");
      comp.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XA"));
      comp.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XB"));

      root.Add(comp);
      root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf C"));

      // Add and remove a leaf
      Leaf leaf = new Leaf("Leaf D");
      root.Add(leaf);
      root.Remove(leaf);

      // Recursively display tree
      root.Display(1);

      // Wait for user
      Console.Read();
    }
  }

  // "Component"

  abstract class Component
  {
    protected string name;

    // Constructor
    public Component(string name)
    {
      this.name = name;
    }

    public abstract void Add(Component c);
    public abstract void Remove(Component c);
    public abstract void Display(int depth);
  }

  // "Composite"

  class Composite : Component
  {
    private ArrayList children = new ArrayList();

    // Constructor
    public Composite(string name) : base(name)
    {
    }

    public override void Add(Component component)
    {
      children.Add(component);
    }

    public override void Remove(Component component)
    {
      children.Remove(component);
    }

    public override void Display(int depth)
    {
      Console.WriteLine(new String('-', depth) + name);

      // Recursively display child nodes
      foreach (Component component in children)
      {
        component.Display(depth + 2);
      }
    }
  }

  // "Leaf"

  class Leaf : Component
  {
    // Constructor
    public Leaf(string name) : base(name)
    {
    }

    public override void Add(Component c)
    {
      Console.WriteLine("Cannot add to a leaf");
    }

    public override void Remove(Component c)
    {
      Console.WriteLine("Cannot remove from a leaf");
    }

    public override void Display(int depth)
    {
      Console.WriteLine(new String('-', depth) + name);
    }
  }
}

Output

-root
---Leaf A
---Leaf B
---Composite X
-----Leaf XA
-----Leaf XB
---Leaf C

This real-world code demonstrates the Composite pattern used in building a graphical tree structure made up of primitive nodes (lines, circles, etc) and composite nodes (groups of drawing elements that make up more complex elements).

// Composite pattern -- Real World example

using System;
using System.Collections;

namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Composite.RealWorld
{

  // Mainapp test application

  class MainApp
  {
    static void Main()
    {
      // Create a tree structure
      CompositeElement root =
        new CompositeElement("Picture");
      root.Add(new PrimitiveElement("Red Line"));
      root.Add(new PrimitiveElement("Blue Circle"));
      root.Add(new PrimitiveElement("Green Box"));

      CompositeElement comp =
        new CompositeElement("Two Circles");
      comp.Add(new PrimitiveElement("Black Circle"));
      comp.Add(new PrimitiveElement("White Circle"));
      root.Add(comp);

      // Add and remove a PrimitiveElement
      PrimitiveElement pe =
        new PrimitiveElement("Yellow Line");
      root.Add(pe);
      root.Remove(pe);

      // Recursively display nodes
      root.Display(1);

      // Wait for user
      Console.Read();
    }
  }

  // "Component" Treenode

  abstract class DrawingElement
  {
    protected string name;

    // Constructor
    public DrawingElement(string name)
    {
      this.name = name;
    }

    public abstract void Add(DrawingElement d);
    public abstract void Remove(DrawingElement d);
    public abstract void Display(int indent);
  }

  // "Leaf"

  class PrimitiveElement : DrawingElement
  {
    // Constructor
    public PrimitiveElement(string name) : base(name)
    {
    }

    public override void Add(DrawingElement c)
    {
      Console.WriteLine(
        "Cannot add to a PrimitiveElement");
    }

    public override void Remove(DrawingElement c)
    {
      Console.WriteLine(
        "Cannot remove from a PrimitiveElement");
    }

    public override void Display(int indent)
    {
      Console.WriteLine(
        new String('-', indent) + " " + name);
    }
  }

  // "Composite"

  class CompositeElement : DrawingElement
  {
    private ArrayList elements = new ArrayList();

    // Constructor
    public CompositeElement(string name) : base(name)
    {
    }

    public override void Add(DrawingElement d)
    {
      elements.Add(d);
    }

    public override void Remove(DrawingElement d)
    {
      elements.Remove(d);
    }

    public override void Display(int indent)
    {
      Console.WriteLine(new String('-', indent) +
        "+ " + name);

      // Display each child element on this node
      foreach (DrawingElement c in elements)
      {
        c.Display(indent + 2);
      }
    }
  }
}