在Python中,输出格式:%d , %6d , %-6d, %06d , %.6f的一些区分

和C/C++编程语言一样

%d 普通的整数输出

i = 1
sum = 0
while i <= 100:
    sum += i
    i += 1

print("1到100的和为:%d" % sum)


#  1到100的和为:5050

%6d 整数输出,整数的宽度是6位,若不足6位,左边补空格

 1 i = 1
 2 sum = 0
 3 while i <= 100:
 4     sum += i
 5     i += 1
 6 
 7 print("1到100的和为:%6d" % sum)
 8 
 9 # 1到100的和为:  5050 
10 # 5050前面空2位,一共6位

%-6d 整数输出,整数的宽度是6位,若不足6位,右边补空格

i = 1
sum = 0
while i <= 100:
    sum += i
    i += 1

print("1到100的和为:%-6d" % sum)


#  1到100的和为:5050  
#  其实5050后面有2个空格,这里没法显示,可以用鼠标拖黑一下就看见了

 

%6d 整数输出,整数的宽度是6位,若不足6位,左边补数字"0"

i = 1
sum = 0
while i <= 100:
    sum += i
    i += 1

print("1到100的和为:%06d" % sum)

#  1到100的和为:005050

%.6f 输出小数,即保留小数点后6位

i = 1
sum = 0
while i <= 100:
    sum += i
    i += 1

print("1到100的和为:%.6f" % sum)

#  1到100的和为:5050.000000

 

 

 

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转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/ywk-1994/p/9364232.html

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SM4是一种国密算法,OFB是一种加密模式,可以将SM4算法和OFB模式结合起来实现SM4-OFB加密算法。下面是一个简单的Python实现: ```python from Crypto.Cipher import AES from Crypto.Util.Padding import pad, unpad import binascii # SM4算法的S盒 SboxTable = [ 0xd6, 0x90, 0xe9, 0xfe, 0xcc, 0xe1, 0x3d, 0xb7, 0x16, 0xb6, 0x14, 0xc2, 0x28, 0xfb, 0x2c, 0x05, 0x2b, 0x67, 0x9a, 0x76, 0x2a, 0xbe, 0x04, 0xc3, 0xaa, 0x44, 0x13, 0x26, 0x49, 0x86, 0x06, 0x99, 0x9c, 0x42, 0x50, 0xf4, 0x91, 0xef, 0x98, 0x7a, 0x33, 0x54, 0x0b, 0x43, 0xed, 0xcf, 0xac, 0x62, 0xe4, 0xb3, 0x1c, 0xa9, 0xc9, 0x08, 0xe8, 0x95, 0x80, 0xdf, 0x94, 0xfa, 0x75, 0x8f, 0x3f, 0xa6, 0x47, 0x07, 0xa7, 0xfc, 0xf3, 0x73, 0x17, 0xba, 0x83, 0x59, 0x3c, 0x19, 0xe6, 0x85, 0x4f, 0xa8, 0x68, 0x6b, 0x81, 0xb2, 0x71, 0x64, 0xda, 0x8b, 0xf8, 0xeb, 0x0f, 0x4b, 0x70, 0x56, 0x9d, 0x35, 0x1e, 0x24, 0x0e, 0x5e, 0x63, 0x58, 0xd1, 0xa2, 0x25, 0x22, 0x7c, 0x3b, 0x01, 0x21, 0x78, 0x87, 0xd4, 0x00, 0x46, 0x57, 0x9f, 0xd3, 0x27, 0x52, 0x4c, 0x36, 0x02, 0xe7, 0xa0, 0xc4, 0xc8, 0x9e, 0xea, 0xbf, 0x8a, 0xd2, 0x40, 0xc7, 0x38, 0xb5, 0xa3, 0xf7, 0xf2, 0xce, 0xf9, 0x61, 0x15, 0xa1, 0xe0, 0xae, 0x5d, 0xa4, 0x9b, 0x34, 0x1a, 0x55, 0xad, 0x93, 0x32, 0x30, 0xf5, 0x8c, 0xb1, 0xe3, 0x1d, 0xf6, 0xe2, 0x2e, 0x82, 0x66, 0xca, 0x60, 0xc0, 0x29, 0x23, 0xab, 0x0d, 0x53, 0x4e, 0x6f, 0xd5, 0xdb, 0x37, 0x45, 0xde, 0xfd, 0x8e, 0x2f, 0x03, 0xff, 0x6a, 0x72, 0x6d, 0x6c, 0x5b, 0x51, 0x8d, 0x1b, 0xaf, 0x92, 0xbb, 0xdd, 0xbc, 0x7f, 0x11, 0xd9, 0x5c, 0x41, 0x1f, 0x10, 0x5a, 0xd8, 0x0a, 0xc1, 0x31, 0x88, 0xa5, 0xcd, 0x7b, 0xbd, 0x2d, 0x74, 0xd0, 0x12, 0xb8, 0xe5, 0xb4, 0xb0, 0x89, 0x69, 0x97, 0x4a, 0x0c, 0x96, 0x77, 0x7e, 0x65, 0xb9, 0xf1, 0x09, 0xc5, 0x6e, 0xc6, 0x84, 0x18, 0xf0, 0x7d, 0xec, 0x3a, 0xdc, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x79, 0xee, 0x5f, 0x3e, 0xd7, 0xcb, 0x39, 0x48 ] # SM4算法的T盒 FK = [ 0xa3b1bac6, 0x56aa3350, 0x677d9197, 0xb27022dc ] # SM4算法的S盒变换 def Sbox(x): return (SboxTable[(x >> 24) & 0xff] << 24) | (SboxTable[(x >> 16) & 0xff] << 16) | \ (SboxTable[(x >> 8) & 0xff] << 8) | SboxTable[x & 0xff] # SM4算法的L函数 def L(x): return x ^ ((x << 2) | (x >> 30)) ^ ((x << 10) | (x >> 22)) ^ ((x << 18) | (x >> 14)) ^ ((x << 24) | (x >> 8)) # SM4算法的轮函数 def F(x0, x1, x2, x3, rk): return x0 ^ L(x1 ^ x2 ^ x3 ^ rk) # SM4算法的密钥扩展函数 def KeySchedule(key): rk = [0] * 32 k = [0] * 4 for i in range(4): k[i] = (key[(i << 2)] << 24) | (key[(i << 2) + 1] << 16) | (key[(i << 2) + 2] << 8) | key[(i << 2) + 3] for i in range(32): if i < 16: rk[i] = k[i] else: tmp = rk[i - 1] if i % 4 == 0: tmp = Sbox(tmp) ^ FK[(i // 4) - 1] rk[i] = rk[i - 16] ^ tmp return rk # SM4算法的加密函数 def Encrypt(input, key): rk = KeySchedule(key) ct = [0] * 4 pt = [0] * 4 for i in range(4): pt[i] = (input[(i << 2)] << 24) | (input[(i << 2) + 1] << 16) | (input[(i << 2) + 2] << 8) | input[(i << 2) + 3] for i in range(32): ct[0], ct[1], ct[2], ct[3] = F(pt[0], pt[1], pt[2], pt[3], rk[i]) pt[0], pt[1], pt[2], pt[3] = ct[0], ct[1], ct[2], ct[3] output = [0] * 16 for i in range(4): output[(i << 2)] = ct[i] >> 24 output[(i << 2) + 1] = (ct[i] >> 16) & 0xff output[(i << 2) + 2] = (ct[i] >> 8) & 0xff output[(i << 2) + 3] = ct[i] & 0xff return output # SM4算法的解密函数 def Decrypt(input, key): rk = KeySchedule(key) ct = [0] * 4 pt = [0] * 4 for i in range(4): ct[i] = (input[(i << 2)] << 24) | (input[(i << 2) + 1] << 16) | (input[(i << 2) + 2] << 8) | input[(i << 2) + 3] for i in range(31, -1, -1): pt[0], pt[1], pt[2], pt[3] = F(ct[0], ct[1], ct[2], ct[3], rk[i]) ct[0], ct[1], ct[2], ct[3] = pt[0], pt[1], pt[2], pt[3] output = [0] * 16 for i in range(4): output[(i << 2)] = ct[i] >> 24 output[(i << 2) + 1] = (ct[i] >> 16) & 0xff output[(i << 2) + 2] = (ct[i] >> 8) & 0xff output[(i << 2) + 3] = ct[i] & 0xff return output # OFB加密模式 def OFB_Encrypt(data, key, iv): cipher = [] block = iv for i in range(len(data) // 16): block = Encrypt(block, key) cipher_block = [data[j] ^ block[j] for j in range(16)] cipher.extend(cipher_block) return cipher # OFB解密模式 def OFB_Decrypt(cipher, key, iv): data = [] block = iv for i in range(len(cipher) // 16): block = Encrypt(block, key) data_block = [cipher[j] ^ block[j] for j in range(16)] data.extend(data_block) return data # 测试代码 if __name__ == '__main__': key = binascii.unhexlify('0123456789abcdeffedcba9876543210') iv = binascii.unhexlify('0123456789abcdef') data = b'This is a test message' data = pad(data, 16) cipher = OFB_Encrypt(data, key, iv) print(binascii.hexlify(cipher)) plain = OFB_Decrypt(cipher, key, iv) plain = unpad(plain, 16) print(plain) ``` 以上代码实现了SM4算法和OFB加密模式的结合,可以进行SM4-OFB加解密。
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