问题:最近在项目中遇到,不同客户机安装不同Office版本,在导出Excel时,发生错误。
找不到Excel Com组件,错误信息如下。
未能加载文件或程序集“Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel, Version=12.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=71e9bce111e9429c”或它的某一个依赖项。系统找不到指定的文件。
解决方法:
1.引用高版本的的Excel.dll组件,最新版本14.0.0 防止客户安装高版本如Office不能导出。
(DLL组件可以兼容低版本,不能兼容高版本)
2.右键DLL属性,将引用的Excel.dll组件,嵌入互操作类型为True,特定版本=false .这一步非常关键。
嵌入互操作类型 改成True后,生成时可能现有调用Excel的代码会报错,引用Microsoft.CSharp 命名空间,可以解决此问题。
3.引用Excel 14.0.0 DLL组件方法,vs2012 右键添加引用->程序集->扩展->Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel
Excel.dll http://files.cnblogs.com/files/ichk/Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.rar
其他方法:
1.使用NPOI.DLL开源组件,可以不安装Office软件,进行读写Excel文件。
NPIO.dll http://files.cnblogs.com/files/ichk/NPOI.rar
调用方法如下:
导出代码:
/// <summary>
/// DataTable导出到Excel的MemoryStream Export()
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dtSource">DataTable数据源</param>
/// <param name="strHeaderText">Excel表头文本(例如:车辆列表)</param>
public static MemoryStream Export(DataTable dtSource, string strHeaderText)
{
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet();
#region 右击文件 属性信息
{
DocumentSummaryInformation dsi = PropertySetFactory.CreateDocumentSummaryInformation();
dsi.Company = "NPOI";
workbook.DocumentSummaryInformation = dsi;
SummaryInformation si = PropertySetFactory.CreateSummaryInformation();
si.Author = "文件作者信息"; //填加xls文件作者信息
si.ApplicationName = "创建程序信息"; //填加xls文件创建程序信息
si.LastAuthor = "最后保存者信息"; //填加xls文件最后保存者信息
si.Comments = "作者信息"; //填加xls文件作者信息
si.Title = "标题信息"; //填加xls文件标题信息
si.Subject = "主题信息";//填加文件主题信息
si.CreateDateTime = System.DateTime.Now;
workbook.SummaryInformation = si;
}
#endregion
ICellStyle dateStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle();
IDataFormat format = workbook.CreateDataFormat();
dateStyle.DataFormat = format.GetFormat("yyyy-mm-dd");
//取得列宽
int[] arrColWidth = new int[dtSource.Columns.Count];
foreach (DataColumn item in dtSource.Columns)
{
arrColWidth[item.Ordinal] = Encoding.GetEncoding(936).GetBytes(item.ColumnName.ToString()).Length;
}
for (int i = 0; i < dtSource.Rows.Count; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < dtSource.Columns.Count; j++)
{
int intTemp = Encoding.GetEncoding(936).GetBytes(dtSource.Rows[i][j].ToString()).Length;
if (intTemp > arrColWidth[j])
{
arrColWidth[j] = intTemp;
}
}
}
int rowIndex = 0;
foreach (DataRow row in dtSource.Rows)
{
#region 新建表,填充表头,填充列头,样式
if (rowIndex == 65535 || rowIndex == 0)
{
if (rowIndex != 0)
{
sheet = workbook.CreateSheet();
}
#region 表头及样式
{
IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0);
headerRow.HeightInPoints = 25;
headerRow.CreateCell(0).SetCellValue(strHeaderText);
ICellStyle headStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle();
headStyle.Alignment = HorizontalAlignment.CENTER;
IFont font = workbook.CreateFont();
font.FontHeightInPoints = 20;
font.Boldweight = 700;
headStyle.SetFont(font);
headerRow.GetCell(0).CellStyle = headStyle;
sheet.AddMergedRegion(new NPOI.SS.Util.CellRangeAddress(0, 0, 0, dtSource.Columns.Count - 1));
}
#endregion
#region 列头及样式
{
IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(1);
ICellStyle headStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle();
headStyle.Alignment = HorizontalAlignment.CENTER;
IFont font = workbook.CreateFont();
font.FontHeightInPoints = 10;
font.Boldweight = 700;
headStyle.SetFont(font);
foreach (DataColumn column in dtSource.Columns)
{
headerRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(column.ColumnName);
headerRow.GetCell(column.Ordinal).CellStyle = headStyle;
//设置列宽
sheet.SetColumnWidth(column.Ordinal, (arrColWidth[column.Ordinal] + 1) * 256);
}
}
#endregion
rowIndex = 2;
}
#endregion
#region 填充内容
IRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex);
foreach (DataColumn column in dtSource.Columns)
{
ICell newCell = dataRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal);
string drValue = row[column].ToString();
switch (column.DataType.ToString())
{
case "System.String"://字符串类型
newCell.SetCellValue(drValue);
break;
case "System.DateTime"://日期类型
System.DateTime dateV;
System.DateTime.TryParse(drValue, out dateV);
newCell.SetCellValue(dateV);
newCell.CellStyle = dateStyle;//格式化显示
break;
case "System.Boolean"://布尔型
bool boolV = false;
bool.TryParse(drValue, out boolV);
newCell.SetCellValue(boolV);
break;
case "System.Int16"://整型
case "System.Int32":
case "System.Int64":
case "System.Byte":
int intV = 0;
int.TryParse(drValue, out intV);
newCell.SetCellValue(intV);
break;
case "System.Decimal"://浮点型
case "System.Double":
double doubV = 0;
double.TryParse(drValue, out doubV);
newCell.SetCellValue(doubV);
break;
case "System.DBNull"://空值处理
newCell.SetCellValue("");
break;
default:
newCell.SetCellValue("");
break;
}
}
#endregion
rowIndex++;
}
using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
{
workbook.Write(ms);
ms.Flush();
ms.Position = 0;
sheet.Dispose();
return ms;
}
}
导入代码:
/// <summary> /// 读取excel ,默认第一行为标头 /// </summary> /// <param name="strFileName">excel文档路径</param> /// <returns></returns> public static DataTable Import(string strFileName) { DataTable dt = new DataTable(); HSSFWorkbook hssfworkbook; using (FileStream file = new FileStream(strFileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)) { hssfworkbook = new HSSFWorkbook(file); } ISheet sheet = hssfworkbook.GetSheetAt(0); System.Collections.IEnumerator rows = sheet.GetRowEnumerator(); IRow headerRow = sheet.GetRow(0); int cellCount = headerRow.LastCellNum; for (int j = 0; j < cellCount; j++) { ICell cell = headerRow.GetCell(j); dt.Columns.Add(cell.ToString()); } for (int i = (sheet.FirstRowNum + 1); i <= sheet.LastRowNum; i++) { IRow row = sheet.GetRow(i); DataRow dataRow = dt.NewRow(); for (int j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; j++) { if (row.GetCell(j) != null) dataRow[j] = row.GetCell(j).ToString(); } dt.Rows.Add(dataRow); } return dt; }
问题:最近在项目中遇到,不同客户机安装不同Office版本,在导出Excel时,发生错误。
找不到Excel Com组件,错误信息如下。
未能加载文件或程序集“Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel, Version=12.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=71e9bce111e9429c”或它的某一个依赖项。系统找不到指定的文件。
解决方法:
1.引用高版本的的Excel.dll组件,最新版本14.0.0 防止客户安装高版本如Office不能导出。
(DLL组件可以兼容低版本,不能兼容高版本)
2.右键DLL属性,将引用的Excel.dll组件,嵌入互操作类型为True,特定版本=false .这一步非常关键。
嵌入互操作类型 改成True后,生成时可能现有调用Excel的代码会报错,引用Microsoft.CSharp 命名空间,可以解决此问题。
3.引用Excel 14.0.0 DLL组件方法,vs2012 右键添加引用->程序集->扩展->Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel
Excel.dll http://files.cnblogs.com/files/ichk/Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.rar
其他方法:
1.使用NPOI.DLL开源组件,可以不安装Office软件,进行读写Excel文件。
NPIO.dll http://files.cnblogs.com/files/ichk/NPOI.rar
调用方法如下:
导出代码:
- /// <summary>
- /// DataTable导出到Excel的MemoryStream Export()
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="dtSource">DataTable数据源</param>
- /// <param name="strHeaderText">Excel表头文本(例如:车辆列表)</param>
- public static MemoryStream Export(DataTable dtSource, string strHeaderText)
- {
- HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
- ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet();
- #region 右击文件 属性信息
- {
- DocumentSummaryInformation dsi = PropertySetFactory.CreateDocumentSummaryInformation();
- dsi.Company = "NPOI";
- workbook.DocumentSummaryInformation = dsi;
- SummaryInformation si = PropertySetFactory.CreateSummaryInformation();
- si.Author = "文件作者信息"; //填加xls文件作者信息
- si.ApplicationName = "创建程序信息"; //填加xls文件创建程序信息
- si.LastAuthor = "最后保存者信息"; //填加xls文件最后保存者信息
- si.Comments = "作者信息"; //填加xls文件作者信息
- si.Title = "标题信息"; //填加xls文件标题信息
- si.Subject = "主题信息";//填加文件主题信息
- si.CreateDateTime = System.DateTime.Now;
- workbook.SummaryInformation = si;
- }
- #endregion
- ICellStyle dateStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle();
- IDataFormat format = workbook.CreateDataFormat();
- dateStyle.DataFormat = format.GetFormat("yyyy-mm-dd");
- //取得列宽
- int[] arrColWidth = new int[dtSource.Columns.Count];
- foreach (DataColumn item in dtSource.Columns)
- {
- arrColWidth[item.Ordinal] = Encoding.GetEncoding(936).GetBytes(item.ColumnName.ToString()).Length;
- }
- for (int i = 0; i < dtSource.Rows.Count; i++)
- {
- for (int j = 0; j < dtSource.Columns.Count; j++)
- {
- int intTemp = Encoding.GetEncoding(936).GetBytes(dtSource.Rows[i][j].ToString()).Length;
- if (intTemp > arrColWidth[j])
- {
- arrColWidth[j] = intTemp;
- }
- }
- }
- int rowIndex = 0;
- foreach (DataRow row in dtSource.Rows)
- {
- #region 新建表,填充表头,填充列头,样式
- if (rowIndex == 65535 || rowIndex == 0)
- {
- if (rowIndex != 0)
- {
- sheet = workbook.CreateSheet();
- }
- #region 表头及样式
- {
- IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0);
- headerRow.HeightInPoints = 25;
- headerRow.CreateCell(0).SetCellValue(strHeaderText);
- ICellStyle headStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle();
- headStyle.Alignment = HorizontalAlignment.CENTER;
- IFont font = workbook.CreateFont();
- font.FontHeightInPoints = 20;
- font.Boldweight = 700;
- headStyle.SetFont(font);
- headerRow.GetCell(0).CellStyle = headStyle;
- sheet.AddMergedRegion(new NPOI.SS.Util.CellRangeAddress(0, 0, 0, dtSource.Columns.Count - 1));
- }
- #endregion
- #region 列头及样式
- {
- IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(1);
- ICellStyle headStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle();
- headStyle.Alignment = HorizontalAlignment.CENTER;
- IFont font = workbook.CreateFont();
- font.FontHeightInPoints = 10;
- font.Boldweight = 700;
- headStyle.SetFont(font);
- foreach (DataColumn column in dtSource.Columns)
- {
- headerRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(column.ColumnName);
- headerRow.GetCell(column.Ordinal).CellStyle = headStyle;
- //设置列宽
- sheet.SetColumnWidth(column.Ordinal, (arrColWidth[column.Ordinal] + 1) * 256);
- }
- }
- #endregion
- rowIndex = 2;
- }
- #endregion
- #region 填充内容
- IRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex);
- foreach (DataColumn column in dtSource.Columns)
- {
- ICell newCell = dataRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal);
- string drValue = row[column].ToString();
- switch (column.DataType.ToString())
- {
- case "System.String"://字符串类型
- newCell.SetCellValue(drValue);
- break;
- case "System.DateTime"://日期类型
- System.DateTime dateV;
- System.DateTime.TryParse(drValue, out dateV);
- newCell.SetCellValue(dateV);
- newCell.CellStyle = dateStyle;//格式化显示
- break;
- case "System.Boolean"://布尔型
- bool boolV = false;
- bool.TryParse(drValue, out boolV);
- newCell.SetCellValue(boolV);
- break;
- case "System.Int16"://整型
- case "System.Int32":
- case "System.Int64":
- case "System.Byte":
- int intV = 0;
- int.TryParse(drValue, out intV);
- newCell.SetCellValue(intV);
- break;
- case "System.Decimal"://浮点型
- case "System.Double":
- double doubV = 0;
- double.TryParse(drValue, out doubV);
- newCell.SetCellValue(doubV);
- break;
- case "System.DBNull"://空值处理
- newCell.SetCellValue("");
- break;
- default:
- newCell.SetCellValue("");
- break;
- }
- }
- #endregion
- rowIndex++;
- }
- using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
- {
- workbook.Write(ms);
- ms.Flush();
- ms.Position = 0;
- sheet.Dispose();
- return ms;
- }
- }
导入代码:
- /// <summary>
- /// 读取excel ,默认第一行为标头
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="strFileName">excel文档路径</param>
- /// <returns></returns>
- public static DataTable Import(string strFileName)
- {
- DataTable dt = new DataTable();
- HSSFWorkbook hssfworkbook;
- using (FileStream file = new FileStream(strFileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
- {
- hssfworkbook = new HSSFWorkbook(file);
- }
- ISheet sheet = hssfworkbook.GetSheetAt(0);
- System.Collections.IEnumerator rows = sheet.GetRowEnumerator();
- IRow headerRow = sheet.GetRow(0);
- int cellCount = headerRow.LastCellNum;
- for (int j = 0; j < cellCount; j++)
- {
- ICell cell = headerRow.GetCell(j);
- dt.Columns.Add(cell.ToString());
- }
- for (int i = (sheet.FirstRowNum + 1); i <= sheet.LastRowNum; i++)
- {
- IRow row = sheet.GetRow(i);
- DataRow dataRow = dt.NewRow();
- for (int j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; j++)
- {
- if (row.GetCell(j) != null)
- dataRow[j] = row.GetCell(j).ToString();
- }
- dt.Rows.Add(dataRow);
- }
- return dt;
- }
2.使用C#发射方式调用Excel进行,不需要引用Excel.dll组件。此种方法不建议,太麻烦,也需要安装Office。
调用方法如下:
- private void Export2Excel(DataGridView datagridview, bool captions)
- {
- object objApp_Late;
- object objBook_Late;
- object objBooks_Late;
- object objSheets_Late;
- object objSheet_Late;
- object objRange_Late;
- object[] Parameters;
- string[] headers = new string[datagridview.DisplayedColumnCount(true)];
- string[] columns = new string[datagridview.DisplayedColumnCount(true)];
- string[] colName = new string[datagridview.DisplayedColumnCount(true)];
- int i = 0;
- int c = 0;
- int m = 0;
- for (c = 0; c < datagridview.Columns.Count; c++)
- {
- for (int j = 0; j < datagridview.Columns.Count; j++)
- {
- DataGridViewColumn tmpcol = datagridview.Columns[j];
- if (tmpcol.DisplayIndex == c)
- {
- if (tmpcol.Visible) //不显示的隐藏列初始化为tag=0
- {
- headers[c - m] = tmpcol.HeaderText;
- i = c - m + 65;
- columns[c - m] = Convert.ToString((char)i);
- colName[c - m] = tmpcol.Name;
- }
- else
- {
- m++;
- }
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- try
- {
- // Get the class type and instantiate Excel.
- Type objClassType;
- objClassType = Type.GetTypeFromProgID("Excel.Application");
- objApp_Late = Activator.CreateInstance(objClassType);
- //Get the workbooks collection.
- objBooks_Late = objApp_Late.GetType().InvokeMember("Workbooks", BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, objApp_Late, null);
- //Add a new workbook.
- objBook_Late = objBooks_Late.GetType().InvokeMember("Add", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, objBooks_Late, null);
- //Get the worksheets collection.
- objSheets_Late = objBook_Late.GetType().InvokeMember("Worksheets", BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, objBook_Late, null);
- //Get the first worksheet.
- Parameters = new Object[1];
- Parameters[0] = 1;
- objSheet_Late = objSheets_Late.GetType().InvokeMember("Item", BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, objSheets_Late, Parameters);
- if (captions)
- {
- // Create the headers in the first row of the sheet
- for (c = 0; c < datagridview.DisplayedColumnCount(true); c++)
- {
- //Get a range object that contains cell.
- Parameters = new Object[2];
- Parameters[0] = columns[c] + "1";
- Parameters[1] = Missing.Value;
- objRange_Late = objSheet_Late.GetType().InvokeMember("Range", BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, objSheet_Late, Parameters);
- //Write Headers in cell.
- Parameters = new Object[1];
- Parameters[0] = headers[c];
- objRange_Late.GetType().InvokeMember("Value", BindingFlags.SetProperty, null, objRange_Late, Parameters);
- }
- }
- // Now add the data from the grid to the sheet starting in row 2
- for (i = 0; i < datagridview.RowCount; i++)
- {
- c = 0;
- foreach (string txtCol in colName)
- {
- DataGridViewColumn col = datagridview.Columns[txtCol];
- if (col.Visible)
- {
- //Get a range object that contains cell.
- Parameters = new Object[2];
- Parameters[0] = columns[c] + Convert.ToString(i + 2);
- Parameters[1] = Missing.Value;
- objRange_Late = objSheet_Late.GetType().InvokeMember("Range", BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, objSheet_Late, Parameters);
- //Write Headers in cell.
- Parameters = new Object[1];
- //Parameters[0] = datagridview.Rows[i].Cells[headers[c]].Value.ToString();
- Parameters[0] = datagridview.Rows[i].Cells[col.Name].Value.ToString();
- objRange_Late.GetType().InvokeMember("Value", BindingFlags.SetProperty, null, objRange_Late, Parameters);
- c++;
- }
- }
- }
- //Return control of Excel to the user.
- Parameters = new Object[1];
- Parameters[0] = true;
- objApp_Late.GetType().InvokeMember("Visible", BindingFlags.SetProperty,
- null, objApp_Late, Parameters);
- objApp_Late.GetType().InvokeMember("UserControl", BindingFlags.SetProperty,
- null, objApp_Late, Parameters);
- }
- catch (Exception theException)
- {
- String errorMessage;
- errorMessage = "Error: ";
- errorMessage = String.Concat(errorMessage, theException.Message);
- errorMessage = String.Concat(errorMessage, " Line: ");
- errorMessage = String.Concat(errorMessage, theException.Source);
- MessageBox.Show(errorMessage, "Error");
- }
- }
- 导出
- System.Type ExcelType = System.Type.GetTypeFromProgID("Excel.Application");
- Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application obj = Activator.CreateInstance(ExcelType) as Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application;