创建swap分区
1) 开启Linux系统前添加一块大小为15G的SCSI硬盘
2) 开启系统,右击桌面,打开终端
3) 为新加的硬盘分区,一个主分区大小为5G,剩余空间给扩展分区,在扩展分区上划分1个逻辑分区,大小为5G
4) 格式化主分区为ext3系统
~ mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
5) 将逻辑分区设置为交换分区
~ mkswap /dev/sdb5
6) 启用上一步的交换分区
~ swapon /dev/sdb5
7) 查看交换分区的状态
~ swapon -s
~ swapoff /dev/sdb5 #关闭交换分区swap
free命令查看内存
- buffer与cache的作用
这二者是为了提高IO性能的,由OS(操作系统)管理
buffer是用于存放要输出到disk(块设备)的数据
cache是存放从disk读出的数据。
#释放被系统cache占用的数据
echo 3>/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
- 计算真实的内存使用率
#对于系统来说,buffers和cache是已经被使用的
#free=total-used
#对于应用程序来说
#free=buffers+cache+free
#so
#使用率=used/total*100%
free -m | sed -n '2p' | awk '{print "used mem is "$3"M,total mem is "$2"M,used percent is "$3/$2*100"%"}'
dd命令测试硬盘速度
~ dd if=/dev/zero of=a.txt bs=20M count=2
查询firewall进程,然后杀死
~ ps aux | grep firewall
root 857 0.0 2.4 327396 25124 ? Ssl 14:52 0:00 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
root 5274 0.0 0.0 112668 968 pts/0 S+ 16:01 0:00 grep --color=auto firewall
~ kill -9 857
rpm命令
1) 挂载光盘文件到/media目录
~ mount /dev/sr0 /media
2) 进去/media目录下的Packages目录
~ cd /media/Packages
3) 查看系统已安装的所有rpm包
~ rpm -qa
4) 查看系统是否安装dhcp软件包
~ rpm -qa | grep dhcp
dhcp-libs-4.2.5-47.el7.centos.x86_64
dhcp-common-4.2.5-47.el7.centos.x86_64
5) 安装dhcp软件包
~ ls /media/Packages/ | grep dhcp #查询结果有3个,有两个已经安装,所以安装没有安装的那个dhcp
~ rpm -ivh /media/Packages/dhcp-4.2.5-47.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
或
~ yum install dhcp
6) 查看dhcp软件包的信息
~ rpm -qi dhcp
7) 查看dhcp软件包中所包含的所有文件
~ ls /media/Packages | dhcp
~ rpm -qlp /media/Packages/dhcp-4.2.5-47.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
/etc/NetworkManager
/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d
/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/12-dhcpd
/etc/dhcp
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf
/etc/openldap/schema/dhcp.schema
/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd
/usr/bin/omshell
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd6.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcrelay.service
/usr/sbin/dhcpd
/usr/sbin/dhcrelay
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd6.conf.example
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/ldap
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/ldap/README.ldap
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/ldap/dhcp.schema
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/ldap/dhcpd-conf-to-ldap
/usr/share/man/man1/omshell.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/dhcpd.conf.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/dhcpd.leases.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/dhcpd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/dhcrelay.8.gz
/usr/share/systemtap/tapset/dhcpd.stp
/var/lib/dhcpd
/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd6.leases
或
~ yum install --downloadonly dhcp #只下载不安装
~ rpm -qlp /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/dhcp-4.2.5-47.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm #软件并未安装,而且身边也没有安装ISO的情况适用
8) 查看/bin/ls文件是由哪个软件包产生
~ which ls
9) 卸载dhcp软件包
~ rpm -e dhcp
yum命令
1) 自定义yum仓库:createrepo
~ mkdir /httpd_bak
~ createrope /httpd_bak
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
2) 自定义repo文件
~ cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
~ mv * /tmp/bak/
~ vim httpd.repo
- httpd.reop 文件内容
[httpd] # []内容自定义
name=httpd server # []内的内容自定义
basurl=file:///http_bak # yum的目标文件夹
enabled=1 #代表开启这个yum源
gpgcheck=0 #关闭状态,不检测gpg认证
3) 使用yum命令安装httpd软件包
~ rpm -ivh /media/Packages/httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
错误:依赖检测失败:
httpd-tools = 2.4.6-45.el7.centos 被 httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) 被 httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) 被 httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
~ cp /media/Packages/mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm /httpd_bak/
~ cp /media/Packages/apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm /httpd_bak/
~ cp /media/Packages/apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm /httpd_bak/
~ cp /media/Packages/apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm /httpd_bak/
~ cp /media/Packages/apr-devel-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm /httpd_bak/
~ cp /media/Packages/httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm /httpd_bak/
~ yum install httpd -y #或yum -y install httpd
4) 卸载httpd软件包:yum –y remove 软件名
~ yum -y erase httphs #-y 不提示确认
5) 使用yum安装组件'KDE 桌面':yum –y groupinstall 组件名
~ yum groupinstall 'KDE Plasma Workspaces'
6) 掌握使用yum删除组件‘KDE 桌面’:yum –y groupremove 组件名
~ yum grouplist #先查看组件
~ yum groupmove 'KDE Plasma Workspaces'
7) 掌握清除yum缓存:yum clean all
~ yum clean all # yum makecache -y 创建缓存
8) 使用yum查找软件包:yum search 软件包名
~ yum search httpd
源码安装python
~ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.0/Python-3.6.0.tgz
~ yum grouplist #查看组件
~ yum groupinstall '开发工具' #安装'开发工具'组件
~ yum install zlib* -y
~ tar xvf Python-3.6.0.tgz # 解压python压缩包
~ cd Python-3.6.0 #切换目录
~ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.6 #编译并指定安装目录
~ make && make install
~ ln -s /usr/local/python3.6/bin/ /sbin/ #建立软链接