order by limit使用介绍

mysql> use test
Database changed
mysql> set names gbk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> #在PHP中,获取不同栏目的商品
mysql> #在地址栏上获取$_GET['id']
mysql> select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name from goods
    -> where cat_id=5;
+----------+--------+------------+
| goods_id | cat_id | goods_name |
+----------+--------+------------+
|       23 |      5 | 诺基亚N96       |
+----------+--------+------------+
1 row in set (0.09 sec)

mysql> select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name from goods
    -> where cat_id=4;
+----------+--------+---------------------+
| goods_id | cat_id | goods_name          |
+----------+--------+---------------------+
|        1 |      4 | KD876               |
|       14 |      4 | 诺基亚5800XM             |
|       18 |      4 | 夏新T5                  |
|       33 |      4 | 金立910浪漫镶钻手机                |
+----------+--------+---------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #取出第4个栏目下的商品,并按价格由高到低排序
mysql> select goods_id,goods_name,shop_price 
    -> from goods
    -> where cat_id=4;
+----------+---------------------+------------+
| goods_id | goods_name          | shop_price |
+----------+---------------------+------------+
|        1 | KD876               |    1388.00 |
|       14 | 诺基亚5800XM             |    2625.00 |
|       18 | 夏新T5                  |    2878.00 |
|       33 | 金立910浪漫镶钻手机                |    1233.00 |
+----------+---------------------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #为什么和商城取出的数据不一样,
mysql> #因为我们的表没有is_delete和is_on_sale字段
mysql> #因此和商城里取出的数据略有不同是正常的.
mysql> select goods_id,goods_name,shop_price 
    -> from goods
    -> where cat_id=4
    -> order by shop_price desc;
+----------+---------------------+------------+
| goods_id | goods_name          | shop_price |
+----------+---------------------+------------+
|       18 | 夏新T5                  |    2878.00 |
|       14 | 诺基亚5800XM             |    2625.00 |
|        1 | KD876               |    1388.00 |
|       33 | 金立910浪漫镶钻手机                |    1233.00 |
+----------+---------------------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #上面的结果就是用shop_price字段来降序排序
mysql> desc goods;
+--------------+------------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field        | Type                   | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+--------------+------------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| goods_id     | mediumint(8) unsigned  | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| cat_id       | smallint(5) unsigned   | NO   |     | 0       |                |
| goods_sn     | varchar(60)            | NO   |     |         |                |
| goods_name   | varchar(120)           | NO   |     |         |                |
| click_count  | int(10) unsigned       | NO   |     | 0       |                |
| goods_number | smallint(5) unsigned   | NO   |     | 0       |                |
| market_price | decimal(10,2) unsigned | NO   |     | 0.00    |                |
| shop_price   | decimal(10,2) unsigned | NO   |     | 0.00    |                |
| add_time     | int(10) unsigned       | NO   |     | 0       |                |
| is_best      | tinyint(1) unsigned    | NO   |     | 0       |                |
| is_new       | tinyint(1) unsigned    | NO   |     | 0       |                |
| is_hot       | tinyint(1) unsigned    | NO   |     | 0       |                |
+--------------+------------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
12 rows in set (0.19 sec)

mysql> #按发布时间升序排序,即发布早的,时间戳小的,靠前
mysql> select goods_id,goods_name,shop_price 
    -> from goods
    -> where cat_id=4
    -> order by add_time asc;
+----------+---------------------+------------+
| goods_id | goods_name          | shop_price |
+----------+---------------------+------------+
|        1 | KD876               |    1388.00 |
|       14 | 诺基亚5800XM             |    2625.00 |
|       18 | 夏新T5                  |    2878.00 |
|       33 | 金立910浪漫镶钻手机                |    1233.00 |
+----------+---------------------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select goods_id,goods_name,shop_price 
    -> from goods
    -> where cat_id=4
    -> order by add_time desc;
+----------+---------------------+------------+
| goods_id | goods_name          | shop_price |
+----------+---------------------+------------+
|       33 | 金立910浪漫镶钻手机                |    1233.00 |
|       18 | 夏新T5                  |    2878.00 |
|       14 | 诺基亚5800XM             |    2625.00 |
|        1 | KD876               |    1388.00 |
+----------+---------------------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #按栏目排序
mysql> select goods_id,goods_name,shop_price 
    -> \c
mysql> select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price
    -> from goods
    -> order by cat_id asc;
+----------+--------+------------------------------+------------+
| goods_id | cat_id | goods_name                   | shop_price |
+----------+--------+------------------------------+------------+
|       16 |      2 | 恒基伟业G101                       |     823.33 |
|       19 |      3 | 三星SGH-F258                     |     858.00 |
|       17 |      3 | 夏新N7                           |    2300.00 |
|       15 |      3 | 摩托罗拉A810                        |     788.00 |
|       20 |      3 | 三星BC01                         |     280.00 |
|       13 |      3 | 诺基亚5320 XpressMusic            |    1311.00 |
|       12 |      3 | 摩托罗拉A810                        |     983.00 |
|       11 |      3 | 索爱C702c                        |    1300.00 |
|       10 |      3 | 索爱C702c                        |    1328.00 |
|        9 |      3 | 诺基亚E66                         |    2298.00 |
|        8 |      3 | 飞利浦9@9v                         |     399.00 |
|       21 |      3 | 金立 A30                         |    2000.00 |
|       22 |      3 | 多普达Touch HD                    |    5999.00 |
|       24 |      3 | P806                         |    2000.00 |
|       31 |      3 | 摩托罗拉E8                          |    1337.00 |
|       32 |      3 | 诺基亚N85                         |    3010.00 |
|        1 |      4 | KD876                        |    1388.00 |
|       18 |      4 | 夏新T5                           |    2878.00 |
|       33 |      4 | 金立910浪漫镶钻手机                         |    1233.00 |
|       14 |      4 | 诺基亚5800XM                      |    2625.00 |
|       23 |      5 | 诺基亚N96                         |    3700.00 |
|        7 |      8 | 诺基亚N85原装立体声耳机HS-82                  |     100.00 |
|        4 |      8 | 诺基亚N85原装充电器                       |      58.00 |
|        3 |      8 | 诺基亚原装5800耳机                      |      68.00 |
|        6 |     11 | 胜创KINGMAX内存卡                  |      42.00 |
|        5 |     11 | 索爱原装M2卡读卡器                         |      20.00 |
|       26 |     13 | 小灵通/固话20元充值卡                     |      19.00 |
|       25 |     13 | 小灵通/固话50元充值卡                     |      48.00 |
|       29 |     14 | 移动100元充值卡                       |      90.00 |
|       30 |     14 | 移动20元充值卡                        |      18.00 |
|       28 |     15 | 联通50元充值卡                        |      45.00 |
|       27 |     15 | 联通100元充值卡                       |      95.00 |
+----------+--------+------------------------------+------------+
32 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #我们按栏目升序排列,同一个栏目下的商品,再按商品的价格降序排列
mysql> select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price
    -> from goods
    -> order by cat_id asc, shop_price desc;
+----------+--------+------------------------------+------------+
| goods_id | cat_id | goods_name                   | shop_price |
+----------+--------+------------------------------+------------+
|       16 |      2 | 恒基伟业G101                       |     823.33 |
|       22 |      3 | 多普达Touch HD                    |    5999.00 |
|       32 |      3 | 诺基亚N85                         |    3010.00 |
|       17 |      3 | 夏新N7                           |    2300.00 |
|        9 |      3 | 诺基亚E66                         |    2298.00 |
|       24 |      3 | P806                         |    2000.00 |
|       21 |      3 | 金立 A30                         |    2000.00 |
|       31 |      3 | 摩托罗拉E8                          |    1337.00 |
|       10 |      3 | 索爱C702c                        |    1328.00 |
|       13 |      3 | 诺基亚5320 XpressMusic            |    1311.00 |
|       11 |      3 | 索爱C702c                        |    1300.00 |
|       12 |      3 | 摩托罗拉A810                        |     983.00 |
|       19 |      3 | 三星SGH-F258                     |     858.00 |
|       15 |      3 | 摩托罗拉A810                        |     788.00 |
|        8 |      3 | 飞利浦9@9v                         |     399.00 |
|       20 |      3 | 三星BC01                         |     280.00 |
|       18 |      4 | 夏新T5                           |    2878.00 |
|       14 |      4 | 诺基亚5800XM                      |    2625.00 |
|        1 |      4 | KD876                        |    1388.00 |
|       33 |      4 | 金立910浪漫镶钻手机                         |    1233.00 |
|       23 |      5 | 诺基亚N96                         |    3700.00 |
|        7 |      8 | 诺基亚N85原装立体声耳机HS-82                  |     100.00 |
|        3 |      8 | 诺基亚原装5800耳机                      |      68.00 |
|        4 |      8 | 诺基亚N85原装充电器                       |      58.00 |
|        6 |     11 | 胜创KINGMAX内存卡                  |      42.00 |
|        5 |     11 | 索爱原装M2卡读卡器                         |      20.00 |
|       25 |     13 | 小灵通/固话50元充值卡                     |      48.00 |
|       26 |     13 | 小灵通/固话20元充值卡                     |      19.00 |
|       29 |     14 | 移动100元充值卡                       |      90.00 |
|       30 |     14 | 移动20元充值卡                        |      18.00 |
|       27 |     15 | 联通100元充值卡                       |      95.00 |
|       28 |     15 | 联通50元充值卡                        |      45.00 |
+----------+--------+------------------------------+------------+
32 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #限制条目 limit
mysql> select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price 
    -> from goods
    -> where cat_id=3
    -> order by shop_price asc
    -> limit 10;
+----------+--------+------------------------+------------+
| goods_id | cat_id | goods_name             | shop_price |
+----------+--------+------------------------+------------+
|       20 |      3 | 三星BC01                   |     280.00 |
|        8 |      3 | 飞利浦9@9v                   |     399.00 |
|       15 |      3 | 摩托罗拉A810                  |     788.00 |
|       19 |      3 | 三星SGH-F258               |     858.00 |
|       12 |      3 | 摩托罗拉A810                  |     983.00 |
|       11 |      3 | 索爱C702c                  |    1300.00 |
|       13 |      3 | 诺基亚5320 XpressMusic      |    1311.00 |
|       10 |      3 | 索爱C702c                  |    1328.00 |
|       31 |      3 | 摩托罗拉E8                    |    1337.00 |
|       21 |      3 | 金立 A30                   |    2000.00 |
+----------+--------+------------------------+------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price 
    -> from goods
    -> where cat_id=3
    -> order by shop_price asc
    -> ;
+----------+--------+------------------------+------------+
| goods_id | cat_id | goods_name             | shop_price |
+----------+--------+------------------------+------------+
|       20 |      3 | 三星BC01                   |     280.00 |
|        8 |      3 | 飞利浦9@9v                   |     399.00 |
|       15 |      3 | 摩托罗拉A810                  |     788.00 |
|       19 |      3 | 三星SGH-F258               |     858.00 |
|       12 |      3 | 摩托罗拉A810                  |     983.00 |
|       11 |      3 | 索爱C702c                  |    1300.00 |
|       13 |      3 | 诺基亚5320 XpressMusic      |    1311.00 |
|       10 |      3 | 索爱C702c                  |    1328.00 |
|       31 |      3 | 摩托罗拉E8                    |    1337.00 |
|       21 |      3 | 金立 A30                   |    2000.00 |
|       24 |      3 | P806                   |    2000.00 |
|        9 |      3 | 诺基亚E66                   |    2298.00 |
|       17 |      3 | 夏新N7                     |    2300.00 |
|       32 |      3 | 诺基亚N85                   |    3010.00 |
|       22 |      3 | 多普达Touch HD              |    5999.00 |
+----------+--------+------------------------+------------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #查询出本店价格最高的前三名
mysql> select goods_id,goods_name,shop_price
    -> from goods
    -> order by shop_price
    -> desc
    -> limit 0,3;
+----------+----------------+------------+
| goods_id | goods_name     | shop_price |
+----------+----------------+------------+
|       22 | 多普达Touch HD      |    5999.00 |
|       23 | 诺基亚N96           |    3700.00 |
|       32 | 诺基亚N85           |    3010.00 |
+----------+----------------+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #查询出本店最高的 第3名到第5名 商品
mysql> #取第3到第5,即意味跳过 第1,第2,因此偏移量offset是2
mysql> #取第3,4,5条,即取3条,因此N=3
mysql> select goods_id,goods_name,shop_price
    -> from goods
    -> order by shop_price
    -> desc
    -> limit 2,3;
+----------+--------------+------------+
| goods_id | goods_name   | shop_price |
+----------+--------------+------------+
|       32 | 诺基亚N85         |    3010.00 |
|       18 | 夏新T5           |    2878.00 |
|       14 | 诺基亚5800XM      |    2625.00 |
+----------+--------------+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #offset是跳过的行数,N是实际取的行数
mysql> #取出价格最高的那一行商品
mysql> #思路:按价格降序排列,最高的排前面,取1个,即第1名.
mysql> select goods_id,goods_name,shop_price from goods
    -> order by shop_price desc limit 0,1;
+----------+----------------+------------+
| goods_id | goods_name     | shop_price |
+----------+----------------+------------+
|       22 | 多普达Touch HD      |    5999.00 |
+----------+----------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> #如果offset为0,可以不写
mysql> #即下语句,也是取出价格最高的一行商品
mysql> select goods_id,goods_name,shop_price from goods
    -> order by shop_price desc limit 1;
+----------+----------------+------------+
| goods_id | goods_name     | shop_price |
+----------+----------------+------------+
|       22 | 多普达Touch HD      |    5999.00 |
+----------+----------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> # 查询出 每个栏目下id号最大(最新)的一条商品
mysql> #第一种错误,直接group by cat_id
mysql> select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name from goods group by cat_id;
+----------+--------+-----------------------+
| goods_id | cat_id | goods_name            |
+----------+--------+-----------------------+
|       16 |      2 | 恒基伟业G101                |
|        8 |      3 | 飞利浦9@9v                  |
|        1 |      4 | KD876                 |
|       23 |      5 | 诺基亚N96                  |
|        4 |      8 | 诺基亚N85原装充电器                |
|        5 |     11 | 索爱原装M2卡读卡器                  |
|       25 |     13 | 小灵通/固话50元充值卡              |
|       29 |     14 | 移动100元充值卡                |
|       27 |     15 | 联通100元充值卡                |
+----------+--------+-----------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name from goods group by cat_id;
+----------+--------+-----------------------+
| goods_id | cat_id | goods_name            |
+----------+--------+-----------------------+
|       16 |      2 | 恒基伟业G101                |
|        8 |      3 | 飞利浦9@9v                  |
|        1 |      4 | KD876                 |
|       23 |      5 | 诺基亚N96                  |
|        4 |      8 | 诺基亚N85原装充电器                |
|        5 |     11 | 索爱原装M2卡读卡器                  |
|       25 |     13 | 小灵通/固话50元充值卡              |
|       29 |     14 | 移动100元充值卡                |
|       27 |     15 | 联通100元充值卡                |
+----------+--------+-----------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name from goods group by cat_id;
+----------+--------+-----------------------+
| goods_id | cat_id | goods_name            |
+----------+--------+-----------------------+
|       16 |      2 | 恒基伟业G101                |
|        8 |      3 | 飞利浦9@9v                  |
|        1 |      4 | KD876                 |
|       23 |      5 | 诺基亚N96                  |
|        4 |      8 | 诺基亚N85原装充电器                |
|        5 |     11 | 索爱原装M2卡读卡器                  |
|       25 |     13 | 小灵通/固话50元充值卡              |
|       29 |     14 | 移动100元充值卡                |
|       27 |     15 | 联通100元充值卡                |
+----------+--------+-----------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #另一种错误
mysql> select max(gooods_id),cat_id,goods_name 
    -> from goods
    -> group by cat_id;
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'gooods_id' in 'field list'
mysql> select max(goods_id),cat_id,goods_name 
    -> from goods
    -> group by cat_id;
+---------------+--------+-----------------------+
| max(goods_id) | cat_id | goods_name            |
+---------------+--------+-----------------------+
|            16 |      2 | 恒基伟业G101                |
|            32 |      3 | 飞利浦9@9v                  |
|            33 |      4 | KD876                 |
|            23 |      5 | 诺基亚N96                  |
|             7 |      8 | 诺基亚N85原装充电器                |
|             6 |     11 | 索爱原装M2卡读卡器                  |
|            26 |     13 | 小灵通/固话50元充值卡              |
|            30 |     14 | 移动100元充值卡                |
|            28 |     15 | 联通100元充值卡                |
+---------------+--------+-----------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #我们这么想,既然group时,mysql是取每个分组下第一次出现的行.
mysql> #我就先把goods_id最大的排前面
mysql> select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name from goods
    -> order by cat_id asc,goods_id desc;
+----------+--------+------------------------------+
| goods_id | cat_id | goods_name                   |
+----------+--------+------------------------------+
|       16 |      2 | 恒基伟业G101                       |
|       32 |      3 | 诺基亚N85                         |
|       31 |      3 | 摩托罗拉E8                          |
|       24 |      3 | P806                         |
|       22 |      3 | 多普达Touch HD                    |
|       21 |      3 | 金立 A30                         |
|       20 |      3 | 三星BC01                         |
|       19 |      3 | 三星SGH-F258                     |
|       17 |      3 | 夏新N7                           |
|       15 |      3 | 摩托罗拉A810                        |
|       13 |      3 | 诺基亚5320 XpressMusic            |
|       12 |      3 | 摩托罗拉A810                        |
|       11 |      3 | 索爱C702c                        |
|       10 |      3 | 索爱C702c                        |
|        9 |      3 | 诺基亚E66                         |
|        8 |      3 | 飞利浦9@9v                         |
|       33 |      4 | 金立910浪漫镶钻手机                         |
|       18 |      4 | 夏新T5                           |
|       14 |      4 | 诺基亚5800XM                      |
|        1 |      4 | KD876                        |
|       23 |      5 | 诺基亚N96                         |
|        7 |      8 | 诺基亚N85原装立体声耳机HS-82                  |
|        4 |      8 | 诺基亚N85原装充电器                       |
|        3 |      8 | 诺基亚原装5800耳机                      |
|        6 |     11 | 胜创KINGMAX内存卡                  |
|        5 |     11 | 索爱原装M2卡读卡器                         |
|       26 |     13 | 小灵通/固话20元充值卡                     |
|       25 |     13 | 小灵通/固话50元充值卡                     |
|       30 |     14 | 移动20元充值卡                        |
|       29 |     14 | 移动100元充值卡                       |
|       28 |     15 | 联通50元充值卡                        |
|       27 |     15 | 联通100元充值卡                       |
+----------+--------+------------------------------+
32 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #在此基础,我再一分组,不就行了吗?
mysql> #先order ,再group
mysql> select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name from goods
    -> order by cat_id asc,goods_id desc 
    -> group by cat_id;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'group by cat_id' at line 3
mysql> #语法错误
mysql> # 接下来学习子查询
mysql> # 查出本网站最新的(goods_id最大)的一条商品
mysql> # 思路,按goods_id desc排序,再取第一行
mysql> select goods_id,goods_name from goods
    -> order by goods_id desc limit 0,1;
+----------+---------------------+
| goods_id | goods_name          |
+----------+---------------------+
|       33 | 金立910浪漫镶钻手机                |
+----------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> # 查出本网站最新的(goods_id最大)的一条商品,要求:不用排序
mysql> select max(goods_id),goods_name from goods;
+---------------+------------+
| max(goods_id) | goods_name |
+---------------+------------+
|            33 | KD876      |
+---------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> # 其实这道题非常简单.
mysql> select goods_id,goods_name from goods where goods_id=33;
+----------+---------------------+
| goods_id | goods_name          |
+----------+---------------------+
|       33 | 金立910浪漫镶钻手机                |
+----------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> # 这个做法不具备通用性,增加或删除了一条商品,则最大goods_id已经不是33了.
mysql> # 我有一个办法,始终能查出最大的goods_id来
mysql> select max(goods_id) from goods;
+---------------+
| max(goods_id) |
+---------------+
|            33 |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select goods_id,goods_name from goods where goods_id=33;
+----------+---------------------+
| goods_id | goods_name          |
+----------+---------------------+
|       33 | 金立910浪漫镶钻手机                |
+----------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #以后,凡需要查最新商品,先用max()查出最大的goods_id,
mysql> #然后再根据goods_id查询商品
mysql> # 就算以后商品表再怎么办, select max()语句的返回值,始终是指向最大goods_id的
mysql> select goods_id,goods_name from goods 
    -> where goods_id=(select max(goods_id) from goods);
+----------+---------------------+
| goods_id | goods_name          |
+----------+---------------------+
|       33 | 金立910浪漫镶钻手机                |
+----------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> # 用where型子查询,查询"每个栏目下goods_id最大的商品"
mysql> # 第一步:先查出每个栏目下,最大的goods_id.
mysql> select max(goods_id) from goods 
    -> group by cat_id;
+---------------+
| max(goods_id) |
+---------------+
|            16 |
|            32 |
|            33 |
|            23 |
|             7 |
|             6 |
|            26 |
|            30 |
|            28 |
+---------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select max(goods_id),cat_id from goods 
    -> group by  cat_id;
+---------------+--------+
| max(goods_id) | cat_id |
+---------------+--------+
|            16 |      2 |
|            32 |      3 |
|            33 |      4 |
|            23 |      5 |
|             7 |      8 |
|             6 |     11 |
|            26 |     13 |
|            30 |     14 |
|            28 |     15 |
+---------------+--------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #下一步,我们只需,再把goods_id=16,32,33....28的这几条商品取出来.
mysql> select goods_id,goods_name from goods
    -> where goods in (select max(goods_id) from goods group by cat_id);
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'goods' in 'IN/ALL/ANY subquery'
mysql> select goods_id,goods_name from goods
    -> where goods_id in (select max(goods_id) from goods group by cat_id);
+----------+------------------------------+
| goods_id | goods_name                   |
+----------+------------------------------+
|        6 | 胜创KINGMAX内存卡                  |
|        7 | 诺基亚N85原装立体声耳机HS-82                  |
|       16 | 恒基伟业G101                       |
|       23 | 诺基亚N96                         |
|       26 | 小灵通/固话20元充值卡                     |
|       28 | 联通50元充值卡                        |
|       30 | 移动20元充值卡                        |
|       32 | 诺基亚N85                         |
|       33 | 金立910浪漫镶钻手机                         |
+----------+------------------------------+
9 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> # 这个结果 你能区分是表,还是查询结果吗
mysql> select goods_id,shop_price,market_price,market_price-shop_price as discount 
    -> from goods 
    -> limit 10;
+----------+------------+--------------+----------+
| goods_id | shop_price | market_price | discount |
+----------+------------+--------------+----------+
|        1 |    1388.00 |      1665.60 |   277.60 |
|        4 |      58.00 |        69.60 |    11.60 |
|        3 |      68.00 |        81.60 |    13.60 |
|        5 |      20.00 |        24.00 |     4.00 |
|        6 |      42.00 |        50.40 |     8.40 |
|        7 |     100.00 |       120.00 |    20.00 |
|        8 |     399.00 |       478.79 |    79.79 |
|        9 |    2298.00 |      2757.60 |   459.60 |
|       10 |    1328.00 |      1593.60 |   265.60 |
|       11 |    1300.00 |         0.00 | -1300.00 |
+----------+------------+--------------+----------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> # from型子查询,查询每个栏目下,goods_id最大的商品
mysql> select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name from goods
    -> order by cat_id asc,goods_id desc;
+----------+--------+------------------------------+
| goods_id | cat_id | goods_name                   |
+----------+--------+------------------------------+
|       16 |      2 | 恒基伟业G101                       |
|       32 |      3 | 诺基亚N85                         |
|       31 |      3 | 摩托罗拉E8                          |
|       24 |      3 | P806                         |
|       22 |      3 | 多普达Touch HD                    |
|       21 |      3 | 金立 A30                         |
|       20 |      3 | 三星BC01                         |
|       19 |      3 | 三星SGH-F258                     |
|       17 |      3 | 夏新N7                           |
|       15 |      3 | 摩托罗拉A810                        |
|       13 |      3 | 诺基亚5320 XpressMusic            |
|       12 |      3 | 摩托罗拉A810                        |
|       11 |      3 | 索爱C702c                        |
|       10 |      3 | 索爱C702c                        |
|        9 |      3 | 诺基亚E66                         |
|        8 |      3 | 飞利浦9@9v                         |
|       33 |      4 | 金立910浪漫镶钻手机                         |
|       18 |      4 | 夏新T5                           |
|       14 |      4 | 诺基亚5800XM                      |
|        1 |      4 | KD876                        |
|       23 |      5 | 诺基亚N96                         |
|        7 |      8 | 诺基亚N85原装立体声耳机HS-82                  |
|        4 |      8 | 诺基亚N85原装充电器                       |
|        3 |      8 | 诺基亚原装5800耳机                      |
|        6 |     11 | 胜创KINGMAX内存卡                  |
|        5 |     11 | 索爱原装M2卡读卡器                         |
|       26 |     13 | 小灵通/固话20元充值卡                     |
|       25 |     13 | 小灵通/固话50元充值卡                     |
|       30 |     14 | 移动20元充值卡                        |
|       29 |     14 | 移动100元充值卡                       |
|       28 |     15 | 联通50元充值卡                        |
|       27 |     15 | 联通100元充值卡                       |
+----------+--------+------------------------------+
32 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> # 如果存在一张如上表,只要对如上表group一下,即可得到每个栏目goods_id最大的商品
mysql> # 假设存在这张表,表名叫 tmp
mysql> select * from tmp group by cat_id;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'test.tmp' doesn't exist
mysql>  select * from (select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name from goods
    -> order by cat_id asc,goods_id desc) as tmp group by cat_id;
+----------+--------+------------------------------+
| goods_id | cat_id | goods_name                   |
+----------+--------+------------------------------+
|       16 |      2 | 恒基伟业G101                       |
|       32 |      3 | 诺基亚N85                         |
|       33 |      4 | 金立910浪漫镶钻手机                         |
|       23 |      5 | 诺基亚N96                         |
|        7 |      8 | 诺基亚N85原装立体声耳机HS-82                  |
|        6 |     11 | 胜创KINGMAX内存卡                  |
|       26 |     13 | 小灵通/固话20元充值卡                     |
|       30 |     14 | 移动20元充值卡                        |
|       28 |     15 | 联通50元充值卡                        |
+----------+--------+------------------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> # exists 存在,exists子查询
mysql> # 要求:查出有商品的栏目
mysql> # 再建一张表栏目表
mysql> create table category (
    -> cat_id int auto_increment primary key,
    -> cat_name varchar(20) not null default ''
    -> )engine myiasm;
ERROR 1286 (42000): Unknown storage engine 'myiasm'
mysql> create table category (
    -> cat_id int auto_increment primary key,
    -> cat_name varchar(20) not null default ''
    -> )engine myisam charset utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.28 sec)

mysql> desc category;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| cat_id   | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| cat_name | varchar(20) | NO   |     |         |                |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.16 sec)

mysql> insert into category 
    -> \c
mysql> insert into test.category
    -> select cat_id,cat_name from shop.category;
Query OK, 14 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 14  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from category;
+--------+-------------------+
| cat_id | cat_name          |
+--------+-------------------+
|      1 | 手机类型                 |
|      2 | CDMA手机             |
|      3 | GSM手机              |
|      4 | 3G手机               |
|      5 | 双模手机               |
|      6 | 手机配件                 |
|      7 | 充电器                  |
|      8 | 耳机                  |
|      9 | 电池                  |
|     11 | 读卡器和内存卡               |
|     12 | 充值卡                 |
|     13 | 小灵通/固话充值卡             |
|     14 | 移动手机充值卡               |
|     15 | 联通手机充值卡               |
+--------+-------------------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> # 观察商品表与栏目的关系
mysql> select count(*) ,cat_id from goods group by  cat_id;
+----------+--------+
| count(*) | cat_id |
+----------+--------+
|        1 |      2 |
|       15 |      3 |
|        4 |      4 |
|        1 |      5 |
|        3 |      8 |
|        2 |     11 |
|        2 |     13 |
|        2 |     14 |
|        2 |     15 |
+----------+--------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #别把14个栏目都取出来,只把下面有商品的栏目取出来
mysql> #取 栏目表,且只取下面有商品的栏目
mysql> # 思考: 什么样的表,叫做下面有商品?
mysql> # 答:设某栏目cat_id为N,则select * from goods where cat_id=N 
mysql> # 能取出数据,则说明该栏目有商品
mysql> 
mysql> select cat_id,cat_name from category
    -> where exists (select * from goods where goods.cat_id=category.cat_id);
+--------+-------------------+
| cat_id | cat_name          |
+--------+-------------------+
|      2 | CDMA手机             |
|      3 | GSM手机              |
|      4 | 3G手机               |
|      5 | 双模手机               |
|      8 | 耳机                  |
|     11 | 读卡器和内存卡               |
|     13 | 小灵通/固话充值卡             |
|     14 | 移动手机充值卡               |
|     15 | 联通手机充值卡               |
+--------+-------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #建表时,列后面 not null default '',default 0,这是什么意思
mysql> #答:就是让这个列值不为NULL,如果某个列确实没填值,也有默认值,也不为null
mysql> # 为什么不希望让列的值为null呢?
mysql> create table test9 (
    -> sname varchar(20)
    -> )engine myisam charset utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)

mysql> insert into test9
    -> values
    -> ('lisi','wangwu','null');
ERROR 1136 (21S01): Column count doesn't match value count at row 1
mysql> insert into test9
    -> values
    -> ('lisi'),('wangwu',('null');
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '' at line 3
mysql> insert into test9
    -> values
    -> ('lisi'),('wangwu'),('null');
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from test9;
+--------+
| sname  |
+--------+
| lisi   |
| wangwu |
| null   |
+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test9 values (NULL);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from test9;
+--------+
| sname  |
+--------+
| lisi   |
| wangwu |
| null   |
| NULL   |
+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from test9 where sname='null';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> select * from test9;
+--------+
| sname  |
+--------+
| lisi   |
| wangwu |
| NULL   |
+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #查询出用户名不为null的行
mysql> select * from test9 where sname!=null;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #lisi wangwu没查出来? 为什么
mysql> #查sname为null的行
mysql> select * from test9 where sname=null;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #又是空
mysql> select 2>1;
+-----+
| 2>1 |
+-----+
|   1 |
+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select 2<1;
+-----+
| 2<1 |
+-----+
|   0 |
+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select 39<60;
+-------+
| 39<60 |
+-------+
|     1 |
+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select 'lisi'=null;
+-------------+
| 'lisi'=null |
+-------------+
|        NULL |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> # null为假, lisi=null是假
mysql> select null=null;
+-----------+
| null=null |
+-----------+
|      NULL |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> # null=null,还是null,还是假
mysql> select null!=null;
+------------+
| null!=null |
+------------+
|       NULL |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> # null 是空,四大皆空的空. 
mysql> # null的比较需要用特殊的运算符  is null ,is not null
mysql> select * from sname where sname is not null;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'test.sname' doesn't exist
mysql> select * from test9 where sname is not null;
+--------+
| sname  |
+--------+
| lisi   |
| wangwu |
+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test9 where sname is null;
+-------+
| sname |
+-------+
| NULL  |
+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/document/archive/2012/10/30/2745777.html

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