java的io流总结_java IO流总结

根据处理数据的数据类型的不同分为:字节流与字符流

其中　　字节流对应的两个抽象类：InputStream和OutputStream

字符流对应的两个抽象类：Reader和Writer

1: InputStream对应的子类为FileInputStream可实现读文件操作

2: OutputStream对应的子类为FileOutputStream可实现写文件操作

3: Reader对应的子类为FileReader可实现读文件操作

4: Writer对应的子类为FileWriter可实现写文件操作

一般来说，对于图片,音乐，视频采取的是字节流读写;对于文本文件或带有字符的文件则更多地采用字符流读写

InputStream与OutputStream(字节流):

packageTest2016.demo;importjava.io.FileInputStream;importjava.io.FileOutputStream;importjava.io.IOException;public classDemo6 {public static voidmain(String[] args) {

String src= "E:/demo6.txt";

String des= "E:/copy.txt";

FileInputStream fIn= null;

FileOutputStream fOut= null;try{

fIn= newFileInputStream(src);

fOut= newFileOutputStream(des);byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];int num = 0; //num的目的用于防止最后一次读取的字节小于buffer长度

while ((num = fIn.read(buffer)) != -1) {//参数1:写入的字符串;2:从开始写入字符的偏移量;3:要写入的字符数

System.out.println("共"+ num +"个字节");

fOut.write(buffer,0, num);

}

}catch(IOException e) {

System.out.println(e);

}finally{try{if (null !=fIn)

fIn.close();if (null !=fOut)

fOut.close();

}catch(IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}

Reader与Writer(字符流)：

packageTest2016.demo;importjava.io.FileReader;importjava.io.FileWriter;importjava.io.IOException;public classDemo7 {public static voidmain(String[] args) {

String src= "E:/demo6.txt";

String des= "E:/copy.txt";

FileReader fr= null;

FileWriter fw= null;try{

fr= newFileReader(src);

fw= newFileWriter(des);char[] buffer = new char[1024];int num = 0;while ((num = fr.read(buffer)) != -1) {

System.out.println("共"+ num +"个字符");

fw.write(buffer,0, num);

}

}catch(IOException e) {

System.out.println(e);

}finally{try{if (null !=fr)

fr.close();if (null !=fw)

fw.close();

}catch(IOException e) {

System.out.println(e);

}

}

}

}

对于大文件,需用缓冲区来读写文件，这样对不会给硬盘造成太大的负担

采用缓冲区可以有效的读写提高效率

理由：读取完放入缓存,然后一次性写入目的文件,不会因为边读边写不停地对目的文件进行写操作

Reader与Writer采用缓存区(一次读取一行):

packageTest2016.demo;importjava.io.BufferedReader;importjava.io.BufferedWriter;importjava.io.FileReader;importjava.io.FileWriter;importjava.io.IOException;public classDemo7 {public static voidmain(String[] args) {

String src= "E:/demo6.txt";

String des= "E:/copy.txt";BufferedReader br= null; //创建缓冲区读对象引用

BufferedWriter bw = null; //创建缓冲区写对象引用

try{

br= new BufferedReader(newFileReader(src));

bw= new BufferedWriter(newFileWriter(des));

String line= null;while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {

System.out.println(line);

bw.write(line);

bw.newLine();

}

bw.flush();//将缓冲区的数据写到目的地,用缓存区必须执行此方法

}catch(IOException e) {

System.out.println("读写时异常:" +e);

}finally{try{if (null !=br)

br.close();if (null !=bw)

bw.close();

}catch(IOException e) {

System.out.println("关闭流时异常:" +e);

}

}

}

}

Reader与Writer采用缓存区(一次读取指定长度字符):

packageTest2016.demo;importjava.io.BufferedReader;importjava.io.BufferedWriter;importjava.io.FileReader;importjava.io.FileWriter;importjava.io.IOException;importjava.io.Reader;public classDemo7 {public static voidmain(String[] args) {

String src= "E:/demo6.txt";

String des= "E:/copy.txt";

FileReader fr= null;

FileWriter fw= null;

BufferedReader br= null;

BufferedWriter bw= null;try{

fr= newFileReader(src);

fw= newFileWriter(des);

br= newBufferedReader(fr);

bw= newBufferedWriter(fw);char[] buffer = new char[512];int num = 0;while ((num = br.read(buffer)) != -1) {

bw.write(buffer,0, num);

}

bw.flush();

}catch(IOException e) {

System.out.println("读写时异常:" +e);

}finally{try{if (null !=br)

fr.close();if (null !=bw)

fw.close();

}catch(IOException e) {

System.out.println("关闭流时异常:" +e);

}

}

}

}

InputStream与OutputStream采用缓冲区:

packageTest2016.demo;importjava.io.BufferedInputStream;importjava.io.BufferedOutputStream;importjava.io.FileInputStream;importjava.io.FileOutputStream;importjava.io.IOException;public classDemo6 {public static voidmain(String[] args) {

String src= "E:/demo6.txt";

String des= "E:/copy.txt";//FileInputStream fIn = null;//FileOutputStream fOut = null;

BufferedInputStream bIs= null;

BufferedOutputStream bOs= null;try{/**fIn = new FileInputStream(src);

fOut = new FileOutputStream(des);

bIs = new BufferedInputStream(fIn);

bOs = new BufferedOutputStream(fOut);*/bIs= new BufferedInputStream(newFileInputStream(src));

bOs= new BufferedOutputStream(newFileOutputStream(des));byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];int num = 0;while ((num = bIs.read(buffer)) != -1) {//用到num不用buffer.length的主要原因://是由于最后一次循环如果不够buffer数组定义的长度的话,不够的部分会被默认填充0,而用num就不会

bOs.write(buffer, 0, num);

}

bOs.flush();//将缓存区的内容写进目的文件

}catch(IOException e) {

System.out.println("读写文件时异常:" +e);

}finally{try{if (null !=bIs)

bIs.close();if (null !=bOs)

bOs.close();

}catch(IOException e) {

System.out.println("读写文件时异常:" +e);

}

}

}

}