20189230杨 2018-2019-2 《移动平台开发实践》第10周学习总结

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-30 17:28:01 发布

weixin_30364147

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-30 17:28:01 发布

阅读量159

点赞数

文章标签： java 数据库移动开发

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/EvelynYang/p/10790992.html

版权

学习《Java和Android开发学习指南（第二版）》第39、40、41、42章——
教材学习中的问题和解决过程
代码调试中的问题和解决过程
上周错题总结
[代码托管]
statistics.sh脚本运行结果的截图
学习进度条
参考资料

学习《Java和Android开发学习指南（第二版）》第39、40、41、42章——

第39章偏好
Android带有一个SharedPreferences接口，它可以用来管理键/值对这样的应用程序设置。SharedPreferences还负责向一个文件写入数据。此外，Android还提供了Preference API，它带有连接到默认的SharedPreferences实例的用户接口类，以便可以很容易地创建一个UI来修改应用程序设置。
39.1SharedPreference
1.android.content.SharedPreferences接口提供了用于排序和读取应用程序设置的方法。
2.getXXX方法返回了和指定的键相关联的值（如果键值对存在的话）。
3.可以使用contains方法检查一个SharePreferences是否包含一个键值对。
4.可以使用getAll方法将所有的键值对获取为一个Map。
5.一个SharedPreferences中存储的值会自动持久化，并且将会在用户会话中存在。
39.2Preference API
1.要在一个SharedPreferences中存储一个键值对，通常使用Android Preference API来创建一个用户界面，使得用户能够编辑设置。
2.现在的Android版本中，通常使用PreferenceFragment来代替偏好xml文件。
39.3 使用Preference
1.代码清单39.1 AndroidManifest.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.preferencedemo1" >

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity
            android:name="com.example.preferencedemo1.SettingsActivity"
            android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity"
            android:label="">
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

2.代码清单39.2 第一个活动的布局文件（activity_main.xml）

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/info"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="30sp"/>
</RelativeLayout>

3.代码清单39.3 MainActivity类

package com.example.preferencedemo1;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }


    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        SharedPreferences sharedPref = PreferenceManager.
                getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
        boolean allowMultipleUsers = sharedPref.getBoolean(
                SettingsActivity.ALLOW_MULTIPLE_USERS, false);
        String envId = sharedPref.getString(
                SettingsActivity.ENVIRONMENT_ID, "");
        String account = sharedPref.getString(
                SettingsActivity.ACCOUNT, "");
        TextView textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.info);
        textView.setText("Allow multiple users: " +
                allowMultipleUsers + "\nEnvironment Id: " + envId
                + "\nAccount: " + account);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        switch (item.getItemId()) {
            case R.id.action_settings:
                startActivity(new Intent(this,
                        SettingsActivity.class));
                return true;
            default:
                return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
        }
    }
}

4.代码清单39.4 SettingsActivity类

package com.example.preferencedemo1;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;

public class SettingsActivity extends Activity {

    public static final String ALLOW_MULTIPLE_USERS =
            "allowMultipleUsers";
    public static final String ENVIRONMENT_ID = "envId";
    public static final String ACCOUNT = "account";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
        getFragmentManager()
                .beginTransaction()
                .replace(android.R.id.content,
                        new SettingsFragment()).commit();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_settings, menu);
        return true;
    }
}

5.代码清单39.5 SettingsFragment类

package com.example.preferencedemo1;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.preference.PreferenceFragment;

public class SettingsFragment extends PreferenceFragment {

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        // Load the preferences from an XML resource 
        addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preferences);
    }
}

6.代码清单39.6 res/xml/preferences.xml文件

<PreferenceScreen
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <PreferenceCategory
        android:title="Category 1">
        <CheckBoxPreference
            android:key="allowMultipleUsers"
            android:title="Allow multiple users"
            android:summary="Allow multiple users" />

    </PreferenceCategory>

    <PreferenceCategory
        android:title="Category 2">
        <EditTextPreference
            android:key="envId"
            android:title="Environment Id"
            android:dialogTitle="Environment Id"/>
        <EditTextPreference
            android:key="account"
            android:title="Account"/>
    </PreferenceCategory>
</PreferenceScreen>

第40章操作空间
40.1 概览
Android设备提供了两种存储区域，内部的和外部的。
内部存储对于应用程序来说是私有的，用户和其他的应用程序不能访问它。
外部存储中所存储的文件将会和其他的应用程序分享，其他用户也能够访问外部存储。
40.1.1内部存储
1.Context类提供了各种方法，

通常使用这些方法来访问在内部存储中存储的文件，而且不应该将内部存储的位置直接编写到代码中。

40.1.2 外部存储
1.有两种类型的文件能够写入到外部存储中，私有文件和公有文件。私有文件是应用程序所私有的，当应用程序卸载的时候，将会删除这些文件。公有文件是要和其他的应用程序共享的，用户也可以访问它。
2.外部存储可以删除。试图读取或向其写入的时候，应该首先测试外部存储是否可用。
3.写入到外部存储需要用户的许可。
4.读取外部存储，应该在清单文件中声明users-permission元素。
40.2 创建一个Notes应用程序
1.代码清单40.1 AndroidManifest.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.filedemo1"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="19"
        android:targetSdkVersion="19" />

    <android:uses-permission
        android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
        android:maxSdkVersion="18" />
    <android:uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
    <android:uses-permission
        android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
        android:maxSdkVersion="18" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name="com.example.filedemo1.MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity
            android:name="com.example.filedemo1.AddNoteActivity"
            android:label="@string/title_activity_add_note" >
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

2.MainActivity类

package com.example.filedemo1;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private String selectedItem;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(
                R.id.listView1);
        listView.setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE);
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(
                new OnItemClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView,
                                            View view, int position, long id) {
                        readNote(position);
                    }
                });
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        refreshList();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
        return true;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle presses on the action bar items 
        switch (item.getItemId()) {
            case R.id.action_add:
                startActivity(new Intent(this,
                        AddNoteActivity.class));
                return true;
            case R.id.action_delete:
                deleteNote();
                return true;
            default:
                return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
        }
    }

    private void refreshList() {
        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(
                R.id.listView1);
        String[] titles = fileList();
        ArrayAdapter<String> arrayAdapter =
                new ArrayAdapter<String>(
                        this,
                        android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1,
                        titles);
        listView.setAdapter(arrayAdapter);
    }

    private void readNote(int position) {
        String[] titles = fileList();
        if (titles.length > position) {
            selectedItem = titles[position];
            File dir = getFilesDir();
            File file = new File(dir, selectedItem);
            FileReader fileReader = null;
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
            try {
                fileReader = new FileReader(file);
                bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(fileReader);
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                String line = bufferedReader.readLine();
                while (line != null) {
                    sb.append(line);
                    line = bufferedReader.readLine();
                }
                ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView1)).
                        setText(sb.toString());
            } catch (IOException e) {

            } finally {
                if (bufferedReader != null) {
                    try {
                        bufferedReader.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                    }
                }
                if (fileReader != null) {
                    try {
                        fileReader.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private void deleteNote() {
        if (selectedItem != null) {
            deleteFile(selectedItem);
            selectedItem = null;
            ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView1)).setText("");
            refreshList();
        }
    }
}

3.代码清单40.3 AddNoteActivity类

package com.example.filedemo1;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;

public class AddNoteActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_add_note);
    }

    public void cancel(View view) {
        finish();
    }

    public void addNote(View view) {
        String fileName = ((EditText)
                findViewById(R.id.noteTitle))
                .getText().toString();
        String body = ((EditText) findViewById(R.id.noteBody))
                .getText().toString();
        File parent = getFilesDir();
        File file = new File(parent, fileName);
        PrintWriter writer = null;
        try {
            writer = new PrintWriter(file);
            writer.write(body);
            finish();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            showAlertDialog("Error adding note", e.getMessage());
        } finally {
            if (writer != null) {
                try {
                    writer.close();
                } catch (Exception e) {

                }
            }
        }
    }

    private void showAlertDialog(String title, String message) {
        AlertDialog alertDialog = new
                AlertDialog.Builder(this).create();
        alertDialog.setTitle(title);
        alertDialog.setMessage(message);
        alertDialog.show();
    }
}

40.3访问公共存储
1.代码清单40.4 FileDemo2的活动的布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.filedemo2" >

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name="com.example.filedemo2.MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

2.代码清单40.5 MainActivity类

package com.example.filedemo2;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    class KeyValue {
        public String key;
        public String value;
        public KeyValue(String key, String value) {
            this.key = key;
            this.value = value;
        }
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return key;
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        final List<KeyValue> keyValues = Arrays.asList(
                new KeyValue("Alarms", Environment.DIRECTORY_ALARMS),
                new KeyValue("DCIM", Environment.DIRECTORY_DCIM),
                new KeyValue("Downloads",
                        Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS),
                new KeyValue("Movies", Environment.DIRECTORY_MOVIES),
                new KeyValue("Music", Environment.DIRECTORY_MUSIC),
                new KeyValue("Notifications",
                        Environment.DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS),
                new KeyValue("Pictures",
                        Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES),
                new KeyValue("Podcasts",
                        Environment.DIRECTORY_PODCASTS),
                new KeyValue("Ringtones",
                        Environment.DIRECTORY_RINGTONES)
        );
        ArrayAdapter<KeyValue> arrayAdapter = new
                ArrayAdapter<KeyValue>(this,
                android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1,
                keyValues);
        ListView listView1 = (ListView)
                findViewById(R.id.listView1);
        listView1.setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE);
        listView1.setAdapter(arrayAdapter);
        listView1.setOnItemClickListener(new
             OnItemClickListener() {
                 @Override
                 public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView,
                                         View view, int position, long id) {
                     KeyValue keyValue = keyValues.get(position);
                     listDir(keyValue.value);
                 }
             });
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    private void listDir(String dir) {
        File parent = Environment
                .getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(dir);
        String[] files = null;
        if (parent == null || parent.list() == null) {
            files = new String[0];
        } else {
            files = parent.list();
        }
        ArrayAdapter<String> arrayAdapter = new
                ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
                android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1,
                files);
        ListView listView2 = (ListView)
                findViewById(R.id.listView2);
        listView2.setAdapter(arrayAdapter);
    }
}

第41章操作数据库
Android拥有自己的技术来操作数据库，它和Java数据库连接（Java Database Connectivity，JDBC）无关，JDBC是Java开发者用来访问关系数据库中的数据的一种技术。Android带有SQLite，这是一个开源的数据库。
41.1 概览
1.Android带有自己的Database API。
2.SQLite中的一项功能是，当插入一行的时候，有一个整数的主键自动增加，不需要为该字段传入一个值。
41.2 Database API
41.2.1 SQLiteOpenHelper类
1.提供一个构造方法，它调用自己的超类，传入Context和数据库名称以及其他内容。
2.覆盖onCreate方法和onUpgrade方法。
3.SQLiteOpenHelper自动管理到底层数据库的连接。
41.2.2 SQLiteDatabase类
1.调用insert或execSQL方法来操作数据库中的数据。
2.要获取记录，使用query方法之一。
41.2.3 Cursor接口
1.在SQLiteDatabase上调用query方法将返回一个Cursor。
41.3 示例
1.代码清单41.1 AndroidManifest.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.databasedemo1"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >
    
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category
                    android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity
            android:name=".AddContactActivity"
            android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/title_activity_add_contact">
        </activity>
        <activity
            android:name=".ShowContactActivity"
            android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/title_activity_show_contact" >
        </activity>
    </application>
</manifest>

2.代码清单41.2 Contact类

package com.example.databasedemo1;
public class Contact {
    private long id;
    private String firstName;
    private String lastName;
    private String phone;
    private String email;

    public Contact() {
    }

    public Contact(String firstName, String lastName,
                   String phone, String email) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
        this.lastName = lastName;
        this.phone = phone;
        this.email = email;
    }

    public long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getFirstName() {
        return firstName;
    }

    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public String getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }

    public void setPhone(String phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

}

3.代码清单41.3 DatabaseManager类

package com.example.databasedemo1;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;

public class DatabaseManager extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
    public static final String TABLE_NAME = "contacts";
    public static final String ID_FIELD = "_id";
    public static final String FIRST_NAME_FIELD = "first_name";
    public static final String LAST_NAME_FIELD = "last_name";
    public static final String PHONE_FIELD = "phone";
    public static final String EMAIL_FIELD = "email";
    public DatabaseManager(Context context) {
        super(context, 
                /*db name=*/ "contacts_db2", 
                /*cursorFactory=*/ null, 
                /*db version=*/1);
    }
    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
        Log.d("db", "onCreate");
        String sql = "CREATE TABLE " + TABLE_NAME
                + " (" + ID_FIELD + " INTEGER, "
                + FIRST_NAME_FIELD + " TEXT,"
                + LAST_NAME_FIELD + " TEXT,"
                + PHONE_FIELD + " TEXT,"
                + EMAIL_FIELD + " TEXT,"
                + " PRIMARY KEY (" + ID_FIELD + "));";
        db.execSQL(sql);

    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int arg1, int arg2) {
        Log.d("db", "onUpdate");
        db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TABLE_NAME);
        // re-create the table 
        onCreate(db);
    }

    public Contact addContact(Contact contact) {
        Log.d("db", "addContact");
        SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put(FIRST_NAME_FIELD, contact.getFirstName());
        values.put(LAST_NAME_FIELD, contact.getLastName());
        values.put(PHONE_FIELD, contact.getPhone());
        values.put(EMAIL_FIELD, contact.getEmail());
        long id = db.insert(TABLE_NAME, null, values);
        contact.setId(id);
        db.close();
        return contact;
    }

    // Getting single contact 
    Contact getContact(long id) {
        SQLiteDatabase db = this.getReadableDatabase();
        Cursor cursor = db.query(TABLE_NAME, new String[] {
                        ID_FIELD, FIRST_NAME_FIELD, LAST_NAME_FIELD,
                        PHONE_FIELD, EMAIL_FIELD }, ID_FIELD + "=?",
                new String[] { String.valueOf(id) }, null,
                null, null, null);
        if (cursor != null) {
            cursor.moveToFirst();
            Contact contact = new Contact(
                    cursor.getString(1),
                    cursor.getString(2),
                    cursor.getString(3),
                    cursor.getString(4));
            contact.setId(cursor.getLong(0));
            return contact;
        }
        return null;
    }

    // Getting All Contacts 
    public List<Contact> getAllContacts() {
        List<Contact> contacts = new ArrayList<Contact>();
        String selectQuery = "SELECT  * FROM " + TABLE_NAME;

        SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
        Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(selectQuery, null);

        while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
            Contact contact = new Contact();
            contact.setId(Integer.parseInt(cursor.getString(0)));
            contact.setFirstName(cursor.getString(1));
            contact.setLastName(cursor.getString(2));
            contact.setPhone(cursor.getString(3));
            contact.setEmail(cursor.getString(4));
            contacts.add(contact);
        }
        return contacts;
    }

    public Cursor getContactsCursor() {
        String selectQuery = "SELECT  * FROM " + TABLE_NAME;
        SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
        return db.rawQuery(selectQuery, null);
    }

    public int updateContact(Contact contact) {
        SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();

        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put(FIRST_NAME_FIELD, contact.getFirstName());
        values.put(LAST_NAME_FIELD, contact.getLastName());
        values.put(PHONE_FIELD, contact.getPhone());
        values.put(EMAIL_FIELD, contact.getEmail());

        return db.update(TABLE_NAME, values, ID_FIELD + " = ?",
                new String[] { String.valueOf(contact.getId()) });
    }

    public void deleteContact(long id) {
        SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
        db.delete(TABLE_NAME, ID_FIELD + " = ?",
                new String[] { String.valueOf(id) });
        db.close();
    }
}

4.代码清单41.4 MainActivity类

package com.example.databasedemo1;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.CursorAdapter;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import android.widget.ListAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    DatabaseManager dbMgr;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(
                R.id.listView);
        dbMgr = new DatabaseManager(this);

        Cursor cursor = dbMgr.getContactsCursor();
        startManagingCursor(cursor);

        ListAdapter adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(
                this,
                android.R.layout.two_line_list_item,
                cursor,
                new String[] {DatabaseManager.FIRST_NAME_FIELD,
                        DatabaseManager.LAST_NAME_FIELD},
                new int[] {android.R.id.text1, android.R.id.text2},
                CursorAdapter.FLAG_REGISTER_CONTENT_OBSERVER);

        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
        listView.setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE);
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(
                new OnItemClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView,
                                            View view, int position, long id) {
                        Intent intent = new Intent(
                                getApplicationContext(),
                                ShowContactActivity.class);
                        intent.putExtra("id", id);
                        startActivity(intent);
                    }
                });
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        switch (item.getItemId()) {
            case R.id.action_add:
                startActivity(new Intent(this,
                        AddContactActivity.class));
                return true;
            default:
                return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
        }
    }
}

5.代码清单41.5 AddContactActivity类

package com.example.databasedemo1;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class AddContactActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_add_contact);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.add_contact, menu);
        return true;
    }

    public void cancel(View view) {
        finish();
    }
    public void addContact(View view) {
        DatabaseManager dbMgr = new DatabaseManager(this);
        String firstName = ((TextView) findViewById(
                R.id.firstName)).getText().toString();
        String lastName = ((TextView) findViewById(
                R.id.lastName)).getText().toString();
        String phone = ((TextView) findViewById(
                R.id.phone)).getText().toString();
        String email = ((TextView) findViewById(
                R.id.email)).getText().toString();
        Contact contact = new Contact(firstName, lastName,
                phone, email);
        dbMgr.addContact(contact);
        finish();
    }
}

6.代码清单41.6 ShowContactActivity类

package com.example.databasedemo1;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class ShowContactActivity extends Activity {
    long contactId;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_show_contact);
        getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
        Bundle extras = getIntent().getExtras();
        if (extras != null) {
            contactId = extras.getLong("id");
            DatabaseManager dbMgr = new DatabaseManager(this);
            Contact contact = dbMgr.getContact(contactId);
            if (contact != null) {
                ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.firstName))
                        .setText(contact.getFirstName());
                ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.lastName))
                        .setText(contact.getLastName());
                ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.phone))
                        .setText(contact.getPhone());
                ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.email))
                        .setText(contact.getEmail());
            } else {
                Log.d("db", "contact null");
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.show_contact, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        switch (item.getItemId()) {
            case R.id.action_delete:
                deleteContact();
                return true;
            default:
                return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
        }
    }

    private void deleteContact() {
        new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
                .setTitle("Please confirm")
                .setMessage(
                        "Are you sure you want to delete " +
                                "this contact?")
                .setPositiveButton("Yes",
                        new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            public void onClick(
                                    DialogInterface dialog,
                                    int whichButton) {
                                DatabaseManager dbMgr =
                                        new DatabaseManager(
                                                getApplicationContext());
                                dbMgr.deleteContact(contactId);
                                dialog.dismiss();
                                finish();
                            }
                        })
                .setNegativeButton("No",
                        new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            public void onClick(
                                    DialogInterface dialog,
                                    int which) {
                                dialog.dismiss();
                            }
                        })
                .create()
                .show();
    }
}

第42章获取图片
Android为获取静态图像的应用程序提供了两个选项，使用一个内建的意图来启动Camera或者使用Camera API。第一个选项很容易使用，但是缺乏Camera API所提供的功能。
42.1 概览
1.要告诉Camera把获取的图片存储在哪里，可以给Intent传入一个Uri实例。
2.系统通过传入3个参数来调用onActivityResult方法。第一个参数是requestCode，是调用startActivityForResult方法的时候传入的请求代码。第二个参数是结果代码。第三个参数包含了来自被调用的活动的数据。
42.2 使用相机
CameraDemo应用程序展示了如何使用内建的意图来激活Camera应用程序来使用它来拍照。
1.代码清单42.1 清单

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.camerademo" >
    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name="com.example.camerademo.MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

2.代码清单42.2 菜单文件（menu_main.xml）

<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >

    <item
        android:id="@+id/action_camera"
        android:orderInCategory="100"
        android:showAsAction="ifRoom"
        android:title="@string/action_show_camera"/>
    <item
        android:id="@+id/action_email"
        android:orderInCategory="200"
        android:showAsAction="ifRoom"
        android:title="@string/action_email"/>
</menu>

3.代码清单42.3 activity_main.xml文件

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageView"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        />
</RelativeLayout>

4.代码清单42.4 MainActivity类

package com.example.camerademo;
import java.io.File;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private static final int CAPTURE_IMAGE_ACTIVITY_REQUEST_CODE = 100;
    File pictureDir = new File(Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(
            Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES), "CameraDemo");
    private static final String FILE_NAME = "image01.jpg";

    private Uri fileUri;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        if (!pictureDir.exists()) {
            pictureDir.mkdirs();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        switch (item.getItemId()) {
            case R.id.action_camera:
                showCamera();
                return true;
            case R.id.action_email:
                emailPicture();
                return true;
            default:
                return super.onContextItemSelected(item);
        }
    }

    private void showCamera() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(
                MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
        File image = new File(pictureDir, FILE_NAME);
        fileUri = Uri.fromFile(image);
        intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, fileUri);
        // check if the device has a camera: 
        if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
            startActivityForResult(intent,
                    CAPTURE_IMAGE_ACTIVITY_REQUEST_CODE);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode,
                                    int resultCode, Intent data) {
        if (requestCode ==
                CAPTURE_IMAGE_ACTIVITY_REQUEST_CODE) {
            if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
                ImageView imageView = (ImageView)
                        findViewById(R.id.imageView);
                File image = new File(pictureDir, FILE_NAME);
                fileUri = Uri.fromFile(image);
                imageView.setImageURI(fileUri);
            } else if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {
                Toast.makeText(this,  "Action cancelled",
                        Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(this,  "Error",
                        Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
        }
    }

    private void emailPicture() {
        Intent emailIntent = new Intent(
                android.content.Intent.ACTION_SEND);
        emailIntent.setType("application/image");
        emailIntent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL,
                new String[]{"me@example.com"});
        emailIntent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT,
                "New photo");
        emailIntent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_TEXT,
                "From My App");
        emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, fileUri);
        startActivity(Intent.createChooser(emailIntent,
                "Send mail..."));
    }
}

42.3 Camera API
42.3.1 管理相机
使用takePicture方法可以确定从相机得到的最终的原始图像和JPEG图像做些什么。takePicture方法的四个参数介绍如下：
1.shutter。图像捕获瞬间的回调。
2.raw。解压缩图像数据的回调。
3.postview。预览图像数据的回调。
4.jpeg。JPEG图像数据的回调。
42.4 使用Camera API
1.代码清单42.5 布局文件（activity_main.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.cameraapidemo" >

    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" />
    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera.autofocus" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name="com.example.cameraapidemo.MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

2.代码清单42.6 MainActivity类

package com.example.cameraapidemo;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.hardware.Camera;
import android.hardware.Camera.PictureCallback;
import android.hardware.Camera.ShutterCallback;
import android.media.AudioManager;
import android.media.SoundPool;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import android.view.SurfaceView;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity
        implements SurfaceHolder.Callback {

    private Camera camera;
    SoundPool soundPool;
    int beepId;
    File pictureDir = new File(Environment
            .getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(
                    Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES),
            "CameraAPIDemo");
    private static final String TAG = "camera";

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        pictureDir.mkdirs();

        soundPool = new SoundPool(1,
                AudioManager.STREAM_NOTIFICATION, 0);
        Uri uri = Settings.System.DEFAULT_RINGTONE_URI;
        beepId = soundPool.load(uri.getPath(), 1);
        SurfaceView surfaceView = (SurfaceView)
                findViewById(R.id.surfaceview);
        surfaceView.getHolder().addCallback(this);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        try {
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >=
                    Build.VERSION_CODES.GINGERBREAD) {
                camera = Camera.open(0);
            } else {
                camera = Camera.open();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        if (camera != null) {
            try {
                camera.release();
                camera = null;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private void enableButton(boolean enabled) {
        Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
        button.setEnabled(enabled);
    }

    public void takePicture(View view) {
        enableButton(false);
        camera.takePicture(shutterCallback, null,
                pictureCallback);
    }

    private ShutterCallback shutterCallback =
            new ShutterCallback() {
                @Override
                public void onShutter() {
                    // play sound
                    soundPool.play(beepId, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0, 0, 1.0f);
                }
            };

    private PictureCallback pictureCallback =
            new PictureCallback() {
                @Override
                public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data,
                                           final Camera camera) {
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Saving image",
                            Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
                            .show();
                    File pictureFile = new File(pictureDir,
                            System.currentTimeMillis() + ".jpg");

                    try {
                        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(
                                pictureFile);
                        fos.write(data);
                        fos.close();
                    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                        Log.d(TAG, e.getMessage());
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        Log.d(TAG, e.getMessage());
                    }

                    Handler handler = new Handler();
                    handler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            try {
                                enableButton(true);
                                camera.startPreview();
                            } catch (Exception e) {
                                Log.d("camera",
                                        "Error starting camera preview: "
                                                + e.getMessage());
                            }
                        }
                    }, 2000);
                }
            };

    @Override
    public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        try {
            camera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);
            camera.startPreview();
        } catch (Exception e){
            Log.d("camera", e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder,
                               int format, int w, int h3) {
        if (holder.getSurface() == null){
            Log.d(TAG, "surface does not exist, return");
            return;
        }

        try {
            camera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);
            camera.startPreview();
        } catch (Exception e){
            Log.d("camera", e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        Log.d(TAG, "surfaceDestroyed");
    }
}

教材学习中的问题和解决过程

问题1：Cursor如何实现ListView的自动刷新？
问题解决方案1：将Cursor作为一个ListAdapter的数据源，而ListAdapter反过来可以用于填充一个ListView。针对ListView使用一个Cursor的优点在于，Cursor可以管理你的数据。换句话说，如果该数据更新了，Cursor可以自行刷新ListView。
问题2：uri和url的区别
问题解决方案2：
URL：(Uniform/Universal Resource Locator 的缩写，统一资源定位符)。
URI：(Uniform Resource Identifier 的缩写，统一资源标识符)（代表一种标准）。
关系：
URI 属于 URL 更高层次的抽象，一种字符串文本标准。
就是说，URI 属于父类，而 URL 属于 URI 的子类。URL 是 URI 的一个子集。
二者的区别在于，URI 表示请求服务器的路径，定义这么一个资源。而 URL 同时说明要如何访问这个资源（http://）。

代码调试中的问题和解决过程

问题1：在调试第42章的CameraDemo和CameraAPIDemo时，遇到Gradle里No cached version available for offline mode的问题。
问题解决方案2：在setting中gradle选项里把offline work前面的勾给去掉就好了。
问题2：Android游戏项目的设计运行无错后，在模拟器上运行总是闪退。
问题解决方案2：添加自己的Android设备继续调试。

上周错题总结

1.字符串“dxxxdxxd”，表达式 (d)(\w+)(d)对应的应该是dxxxdxxd，而不是xxxdxx。
错误原因：\w+将匹配第一个d和最后一个d之间的所有字符，（d）是两端的d，不能缺。

[代码托管]

https://gitee.com/EvelynYang/tenth_weeks

statistics.sh脚本运行结果的截图

在新建的AndroidProjects文件夹中运行脚本，第六周及之前都是在IdeaProjects文件夹里运行。

学习进度条

	代码行数（新增/累积）	博客量（新增/累积）	学习时间（新增/累积）
目标	5000行	30篇	400小时
第一周	200/200	2/2	20/20
第二周	300/500	1/3	18/38
第三周	500/1000	1/4	38/76
第四周	1000/2000	1/5	20/96
第五周	1000/3000	1/6	25/121
第六周	1000/4000	1/7	25/146
第七周	1000/5000	1/8	25/171
第八周	1000/6000	1/9	15/186
第九周	1000/7000	1/10	20/206
第十周	1000/8000	1/11	20/226

参考资料

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/EvelynYang/p/10790992.html

weixin_30364147

关注

0
点赞
踩
0

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
20189230杨 2018-2019-2 《移动平台开发实践》第10周学习总结

目录学习《Java和Android开发学习指南（第二版）》第39、40、41、42章—— 教材学习中的问题和解决过程代码调试中的问题和解决过程上周错题总结 [代码托管] statistics.sh脚本运行结果的截图学习进度条 ...
复制链接

扫一扫