ubuntu 12.04 安装pip等命令安装模块失败

参考文章：http://www.gm100861.com/816.html

 

python2和python3的变化太大了，在一个系统中现在都是两个版本都安装了，刚开始学习python有种无所是从的感觉，想使用pip这个模块安装工具，就因为多版本python的问题报错：

 

1 # pip
2 Traceback (most recent call last):
3   File "/usr/bin/pip", line 5, in <module>
4     from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
5 ImportError: No module named pkg_resources

问题：

　　在ubunu 12.04 下面有多个python版本，所以在使用pip的时候会导致报错

1 # python
2 python                python2.7-dbg         python2-dbg-config    python3mu
3 python2               python2.7-dbg-config  python3               python-config
4 python2.7             python2-config        python3.2             python-dbg
5 python2.7-config      python2-dbg           python3.2mu           python-dbg-config

 

解决：

 

1 # curl -O http://python-distribute.org/distribute_setup.py
2 # /usr/local/pyton2.7/bin/python distribute_setup.py

使用新版本的python来运行这个脚本，这个会自动安装出来一个easy_install，然后使用这个新的easy_install来安装pip就可以了！

1 # /usr/local/python/bin/easy_install pip
2 # /usr/local/python/bin/pip -V
3 pip 1.4.1 from /usr/local/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg (python 2.7)

安装生成的所有二进制文件，都是在你的PYTHON_HOME/bin/，因为我的是安装在/usr/local/python/，所以命令都在这里，以后再调用pip要使用绝对路径，或者做链接！

1 ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip

2.7的模块是在以下目录

/usr/local/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/

 

安装 mysql模块

　

1 easy_install MySQL-python

 

NOTE:

    按照这个方法也可以为python3安装模块，但是还没有好好的了解的python3所以这块内容就先不管了！

附：脚本的原文

  1 #!python
  2 """Bootstrap distribute installation
  3  
  4 If you want to use setuptools in your package's setup.py, just include this
  5 file in the same directory with it, and add this to the top of your setup.py::
  6  
  7     from distribute_setup import use_setuptools
  8     use_setuptools()
  9  
 10 If you want to require a specific version of setuptools, set a download
 11 mirror, or use an alternate download directory, you can do so by supplying
 12 the appropriate options to ``use_setuptools()``.
 13  
 14 This file can also be run as a script to install or upgrade setuptools.
 15 """
 16 import os
 17 import shutil
 18 import sys
 19 import time
 20 import fnmatch
 21 import tempfile
 22 import tarfile
 23 import optparse
 24  
 25 from distutils import log
 26  
 27 try:
 28     from site import USER_SITE
 29 except ImportError:
 30     USER_SITE = None
 31  
 32 try:
 33     import subprocess
 34  
 35     def _python_cmd(*args):
 36         args = (sys.executable,) + args
 37         return subprocess.call(args) == 0
 38  
 39 except ImportError:
 40     # will be used for python 2.3
 41     def _python_cmd(*args):
 42         args = (sys.executable,) + args
 43         # quoting arguments if windows
 44         if sys.platform == 'win32':
 45             def quote(arg):
 46                 if ' ' in arg:
 47                     return '"%s"' % arg
 48                 return arg
 49             args = [quote(arg) for arg in args]
 50         return os.spawnl(os.P_WAIT, sys.executable, *args) == 0
 51  
 52 DEFAULT_VERSION = "0.6.49"
 53 DEFAULT_URL = "http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/"
 54 SETUPTOOLS_FAKED_VERSION = "0.6c11"
 55  
 56 SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO = """\
 57 Metadata-Version: 1.0
 58 Name: setuptools
 59 Version: %s
 60 Summary: xxxx
 61 Home-page: xxx
 62 Author: xxx
 63 Author-email: xxx
 64 License: xxx
 65 Description: xxx
 66 """ % SETUPTOOLS_FAKED_VERSION
 67  
 68 def _install(tarball, install_args=()):
 69     # extracting the tarball
 70     tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
 71     log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
 72     old_wd = os.getcwd()
 73     try:
 74         os.chdir(tmpdir)
 75         tar = tarfile.open(tarball)
 76         _extractall(tar)
 77         tar.close()
 78  
 79         # going in the directory
 80         subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
 81         os.chdir(subdir)
 82         log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir)
 83  
 84         # installing
 85         log.warn('Installing Distribute')
 86         if not _python_cmd('setup.py', 'install', *install_args):
 87             log.warn('Something went wrong during the installation.')
 88             log.warn('See the error message above.')
 89             # exitcode will be 2
 90             return 2
 91     finally:
 92         os.chdir(old_wd)
 93         shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
 94  
 95 def _build_egg(egg, tarball, to_dir):
 96     # extracting the tarball
 97     tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
 98     log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
 99     old_wd = os.getcwd()
100     try:
101         os.chdir(tmpdir)
102         tar = tarfile.open(tarball)
103         _extractall(tar)
104         tar.close()
105  
106         # going in the directory
107         subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
108         os.chdir(subdir)
109         log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir)
110  
111         # building an egg
112         log.warn('Building a Distribute egg in %s', to_dir)
113         _python_cmd('setup.py', '-q', 'bdist_egg', '--dist-dir', to_dir)
114  
115     finally:
116         os.chdir(old_wd)
117         shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
118     # returning the result
119     log.warn(egg)
120     if not os.path.exists(egg):
121         raise IOError('Could not build the egg.')
122  
123 def _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay):
124     egg = os.path.join(to_dir, 'distribute-%s-py%d.%d.egg'
125                        % (version, sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1]))
126     if not os.path.exists(egg):
127         tarball = download_setuptools(version, download_base,
128                                       to_dir, download_delay)
129         _build_egg(egg, tarball, to_dir)
130     sys.path.insert(0, egg)
131     import setuptools
132     setuptools.bootstrap_install_from = egg
133  
134 def use_setuptools(version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,
135                    to_dir=os.curdir, download_delay=15, no_fake=True):
136     # making sure we use the absolute path
137     to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)
138     was_imported = 'pkg_resources' in sys.modules or \
139         'setuptools' in sys.modules
140     try:
141         try:
142             import pkg_resources
143  
144             # Setuptools 0.7b and later is a suitable (and preferable)
145             # substitute for any Distribute version.
146             try:
147                 pkg_resources.require("setuptools>=0.7b")
148                 return
149             except (pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound,
150                     pkg_resources.VersionConflict):
151                 pass
152  
153             if not hasattr(pkg_resources, '_distribute'):
154                 if not no_fake:
155                     _fake_setuptools()
156                 raise ImportError
157         except ImportError:
158             return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay)
159         try:
160             pkg_resources.require("distribute>=" + version)
161             return
162         except pkg_resources.VersionConflict:
163             e = sys.exc_info()[1]
164             if was_imported:
165                 sys.stderr.write(
166                 "The required version of distribute (>=%s) is not available,\n"
167                 "and can't be installed while this script is running. Please\n"
168                 "install a more recent version first, using\n"
169                 "'easy_install -U distribute'."
170                 "\n\n(Currently using %r)\n" % (version, e.args[0]))
171                 sys.exit(2)
172             else:
173                 del pkg_resources, sys.modules['pkg_resources']    # reload ok
174                 return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir,
175                                     download_delay)
176         except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound:
177             return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir,
178                                 download_delay)
179     finally:
180         if not no_fake:
181             _create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info(to_dir)
182  
183 def download_setuptools(version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,
184                         to_dir=os.curdir, delay=15):
185     """Download distribute from a specified location and return its filename
186  
187     `version` should be a valid distribute version number that is available
188     as an egg for download under the `download_base` URL (which should end
189     with a '/'). `to_dir` is the directory where the egg will be downloaded.
190     `delay` is the number of seconds to pause before an actual download
191     attempt.
192     """
193     # making sure we use the absolute path
194     to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)
195     try:
196         from urllib.request import urlopen
197     except ImportError:
198         from urllib2 import urlopen
199     tgz_name = "distribute-%s.tar.gz" % version
200     url = download_base + tgz_name
201     saveto = os.path.join(to_dir, tgz_name)
202     src = dst = None
203     if not os.path.exists(saveto):  # Avoid repeated downloads
204         try:
205             log.warn("Downloading %s", url)
206             src = urlopen(url)
207             # Read/write all in one block, so we don't create a corrupt file
208             # if the download is interrupted.
209             data = src.read()
210             dst = open(saveto, "wb")
211             dst.write(data)
212         finally:
213             if src:
214                 src.close()
215             if dst:
216                 dst.close()
217     return os.path.realpath(saveto)
218  
219 def _no_sandbox(function):
220     def __no_sandbox(*args, **kw):
221         try:
222             from setuptools.sandbox import DirectorySandbox
223             if not hasattr(DirectorySandbox, '_old'):
224                 def violation(*args):
225                     pass
226                 DirectorySandbox._old = DirectorySandbox._violation
227                 DirectorySandbox._violation = violation
228                 patched = True
229             else:
230                 patched = False
231         except ImportError:
232             patched = False
233  
234         try:
235             return function(*args, **kw)
236         finally:
237             if patched:
238                 DirectorySandbox._violation = DirectorySandbox._old
239                 del DirectorySandbox._old
240  
241     return __no_sandbox
242  
243 def _patch_file(path, content):
244     """Will backup the file then patch it"""
245     f = open(path)
246     existing_content = f.read()
247     f.close()
248     if existing_content == content:
249         # already patched
250         log.warn('Already patched.')
251         return False
252     log.warn('Patching...')
253     _rename_path(path)
254     f = open(path, 'w')
255     try:
256         f.write(content)
257     finally:
258         f.close()
259     return True
260  
261 _patch_file = _no_sandbox(_patch_file)
262  
263 def _same_content(path, content):
264     f = open(path)
265     existing_content = f.read()
266     f.close()
267     return existing_content == content
268  
269 def _rename_path(path):
270     new_name = path + '.OLD.%s' % time.time()
271     log.warn('Renaming %s to %s', path, new_name)
272     os.rename(path, new_name)
273     return new_name
274  
275 def _remove_flat_installation(placeholder):
276     if not os.path.isdir(placeholder):
277         log.warn('Unkown installation at %s', placeholder)
278         return False
279     found = False
280     for file in os.listdir(placeholder):
281         if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, 'setuptools*.egg-info'):
282             found = True
283             break
284     if not found:
285         log.warn('Could not locate setuptools*.egg-info')
286         return
287  
288     log.warn('Moving elements out of the way...')
289     pkg_info = os.path.join(placeholder, file)
290     if os.path.isdir(pkg_info):
291         patched = _patch_egg_dir(pkg_info)
292     else:
293         patched = _patch_file(pkg_info, SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO)
294  
295     if not patched:
296         log.warn('%s already patched.', pkg_info)
297         return False
298     # now let's move the files out of the way
299     for element in ('setuptools', 'pkg_resources.py', 'site.py'):
300         element = os.path.join(placeholder, element)
301         if os.path.exists(element):
302             _rename_path(element)
303         else:
304             log.warn('Could not find the %s element of the '
305                      'Setuptools distribution', element)
306     return True
307  
308 _remove_flat_installation = _no_sandbox(_remove_flat_installation)
309  
310 def _after_install(dist):
311     log.warn('After install bootstrap.')
312     placeholder = dist.get_command_obj('install').install_purelib
313     _create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info(placeholder)
314  
315 def _create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info(placeholder):
316     if not placeholder or not os.path.exists(placeholder):
317         log.warn('Could not find the install location')
318         return
319     pyver = '%s.%s' % (sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1])
320     setuptools_file = 'setuptools-%s-py%s.egg-info' % \
321             (SETUPTOOLS_FAKED_VERSION, pyver)
322     pkg_info = os.path.join(placeholder, setuptools_file)
323     if os.path.exists(pkg_info):
324         log.warn('%s already exists', pkg_info)
325         return
326  
327     log.warn('Creating %s', pkg_info)
328     try:
329         f = open(pkg_info, 'w')
330     except EnvironmentError:
331         log.warn("Don't have permissions to write %s, skipping", pkg_info)
332         return
333     try:
334         f.write(SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO)
335     finally:
336         f.close()
337  
338     pth_file = os.path.join(placeholder, 'setuptools.pth')
339     log.warn('Creating %s', pth_file)
340     f = open(pth_file, 'w')
341     try:
342         f.write(os.path.join(os.curdir, setuptools_file))
343     finally:
344         f.close()
345  
346 _create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info = _no_sandbox(
347     _create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info
348 )
349  
350 def _patch_egg_dir(path):
351     # let's check if it's already patched
352     pkg_info = os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO', 'PKG-INFO')
353     if os.path.exists(pkg_info):
354         if _same_content(pkg_info, SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO):
355             log.warn('%s already patched.', pkg_info)
356             return False
357     _rename_path(path)
358     os.mkdir(path)
359     os.mkdir(os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO'))
360     pkg_info = os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO', 'PKG-INFO')
361     f = open(pkg_info, 'w')
362     try:
363         f.write(SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO)
364     finally:
365         f.close()
366     return True
367  
368 _patch_egg_dir = _no_sandbox(_patch_egg_dir)
369  
370 def _before_install():
371     log.warn('Before install bootstrap.')
372     _fake_setuptools()
373  
374 def _under_prefix(location):
375     if 'install' not in sys.argv:
376         return True
377     args = sys.argv[sys.argv.index('install') + 1:]
378     for index, arg in enumerate(args):
379         for option in ('--root', '--prefix'):
380             if arg.startswith('%s=' % option):
381                 top_dir = arg.split('root=')[-1]
382                 return location.startswith(top_dir)
383             elif arg == option:
384                 if len(args) > index:
385                     top_dir = args[index + 1]
386                     return location.startswith(top_dir)
387         if arg == '--user' and USER_SITE is not None:
388             return location.startswith(USER_SITE)
389     return True
390  
391 def _fake_setuptools():
392     log.warn('Scanning installed packages')
393     try:
394         import pkg_resources
395     except ImportError:
396         # we're cool
397         log.warn('Setuptools or Distribute does not seem to be installed.')
398         return
399     ws = pkg_resources.working_set
400     try:
401         setuptools_dist = ws.find(
402             pkg_resources.Requirement.parse('setuptools', replacement=False)
403             )
404     except TypeError:
405         # old distribute API
406         setuptools_dist = ws.find(
407             pkg_resources.Requirement.parse('setuptools')
408         )
409  
410     if setuptools_dist is None:
411         log.warn('No setuptools distribution found')
412         return
413     # detecting if it was already faked
414     setuptools_location = setuptools_dist.location
415     log.warn('Setuptools installation detected at %s', setuptools_location)
416  
417     # if --root or --preix was provided, and if
418     # setuptools is not located in them, we don't patch it
419     if not _under_prefix(setuptools_location):
420         log.warn('Not patching, --root or --prefix is installing Distribute'
421                  ' in another location')
422         return
423  
424     # let's see if its an egg
425     if not setuptools_location.endswith('.egg'):
426         log.warn('Non-egg installation')
427         res = _remove_flat_installation(setuptools_location)
428         if not res:
429             return
430     else:
431         log.warn('Egg installation')
432         pkg_info = os.path.join(setuptools_location, 'EGG-INFO', 'PKG-INFO')
433         if (os.path.exists(pkg_info) and
434             _same_content(pkg_info, SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO)):
435             log.warn('Already patched.')
436             return
437         log.warn('Patching...')
438         # let's create a fake egg replacing setuptools one
439         res = _patch_egg_dir(setuptools_location)
440         if not res:
441             return
442     log.warn('Patching complete.')
443     _relaunch()
444  
445 def _relaunch():
446     log.warn('Relaunching...')
447     # we have to relaunch the process
448     # pip marker to avoid a relaunch bug
449     _cmd1 = ['-c', 'install', '--single-version-externally-managed']
450     _cmd2 = ['-c', 'install', '--record']
451     if sys.argv[:3] == _cmd1 or sys.argv[:3] == _cmd2:
452         sys.argv[0] = 'setup.py'
453     args = [sys.executable] + sys.argv
454     sys.exit(subprocess.call(args))
455  
456 def _extractall(self, path=".", members=None):
457     """Extract all members from the archive to the current working
458        directory and set owner, modification time and permissions on
459        directories afterwards. `path' specifies a different directory
460        to extract to. `members' is optional and must be a subset of the
461        list returned by getmembers().
462     """
463     import copy
464     import operator
465     from tarfile import ExtractError
466     directories = []
467  
468     if members is None:
469         members = self
470  
471     for tarinfo in members:
472         if tarinfo.isdir():
473             # Extract directories with a safe mode.
474             directories.append(tarinfo)
475             tarinfo = copy.copy(tarinfo)
476             tarinfo.mode = 448  # decimal for oct 0700
477         self.extract(tarinfo, path)
478  
479     # Reverse sort directories.
480     if sys.version_info < (2, 4):
481         def sorter(dir1, dir2):
482             return cmp(dir1.name, dir2.name)
483         directories.sort(sorter)
484         directories.reverse()
485     else:
486         directories.sort(key=operator.attrgetter('name'), reverse=True)
487  
488     # Set correct owner, mtime and filemode on directories.
489     for tarinfo in directories:
490         dirpath = os.path.join(path, tarinfo.name)
491         try:
492             self.chown(tarinfo, dirpath)
493             self.utime(tarinfo, dirpath)
494             self.chmod(tarinfo, dirpath)
495         except ExtractError:
496             e = sys.exc_info()[1]
497             if self.errorlevel > 1:
498                 raise
499             else:
500                 self._dbg(1, "tarfile: %s" % e)
501  
502 def _build_install_args(options):
503     """
504     Build the arguments to 'python setup.py install' on the distribute package
505     """
506     install_args = []
507     if options.user_install:
508         if sys.version_info < (2, 6):
509             log.warn("--user requires Python 2.6 or later")
510             raise SystemExit(1)
511         install_args.append('--user')
512     return install_args
513  
514 def _parse_args():
515     """
516     Parse the command line for options
517     """
518     parser = optparse.OptionParser()
519     parser.add_option(
520         '--user', dest='user_install', action='store_true', default=False,
521         help='install in user site package (requires Python 2.6 or later)')
522     parser.add_option(
523         '--download-base', dest='download_base', metavar="URL",
524         default=DEFAULT_URL,
525         help='alternative URL from where to download the distribute package')
526     options, args = parser.parse_args()
527     # positional arguments are ignored
528     return options
529  
530 def main(version=DEFAULT_VERSION):
531     """Install or upgrade setuptools and EasyInstall"""
532     options = _parse_args()
533     tarball = download_setuptools(download_base=options.download_base)
534     return _install(tarball, _build_install_args(options))
535  
536 if __name__ == '__main__':
537     sys.exit(main())

 

　

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/canxuexiecheng/p/3683069.html