Django网站制作

创建mysite目录

django-admin.py startproject mysite这个命令作用是:这将创建在当前目录创建一个mysite目录

前提是从命令行上cd到你想储存你代码的目录,然后生成各种子目录.

首先需要注意的是文件目录

这里面的文件大致作用:

• books这个 文件夹存放的是新建数据库的各种信息
• books/templates这个目录下装的是网页的布局,当然这个网页的布局就是show.html所提供
• books/views.py定义函数,并且把show.html引入进去,文件内容如下:

from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response

from django.template import loader

from books import models # Create your views here. def show(request): # publisher_list = [{'name':"gongye",'city':'beijing'}] publisher_list = models.Publisher.objects.all() return render_to_response('show.html',{'publisher_list':publisher_list}) 

 

• books/models.py文件存放的是你所创建的数据库,代码如下:

#coding=utf-8
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Publisher(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length = 30) address = models.CharField(max_length = 50) city = models.CharField(max_length = 60) state_province = models.CharField(max_length = 30) country = models.CharField(max_length = 50) website = models.URLField() # __unicode__这个函数用来返回某个值可以很好的用于查询和admin界面的显示 def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Author(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length = 30) last_name = models.CharField(max_length = 40) email = models.EmailField(blank = True,verbose_name = 'e-mail') def __unicode__(self): return u'%s %s'%(self.first_name,self.last_name) class Book(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length = 100) author = models.ManyToManyField(Author) publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher) publication_date = models.DateField(blank = True,null = True) def __unicode__(self): return self.title 

 

• books下其他的文件就是在创建的过程中自己产生的.

• website/templates文件里存放的是各种显示的静态网页布局,这么多html文件,只要你在访问测试的时候,端口号后面加上html的文件名字就行.比如,我要访问templates/base.html文件,输入网址:localhost:8000/base就可以.

• website/settings.py文件是Django的设置文档,里面的INSTALLED_APPS添加多个应用,比如这里面我九添加了books应用,代码如下:

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'books', ]

 

增加模板文件夹,能够引入templates,代码如下:(同样都是在settings中修改)

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': ['templates'],
        'APP_DIRS': True, 'OPTIONS': { 'context_processors': [ 'django.template.context_processors.debug', 'django.template.context_processors.request', 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', ], }, }, ] 

 

• website/urls.py作用是引导url(资源管理器),代码如下:

#coding=utf-8
"""website URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import *
from django.contrib import admin from website.views import * urlpatterns = patterns('website.views', url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), (r'^$','my_homepage_view'), (r'^hello/$','hello'), (r'^time/$','current_datetime'),#显示当前时间 (r'^time/plus/(\d{1,2})/$','hour_ahead'),#显示几小时后的时间 (r'xiaomi/$','xiaomi'), (r'name/$','name'), (r'meta/$','display_meta'), ) urlpatterns += patterns('books.views', url(r'^show/','show'), url(r'search_form/$','search_form'), url(r'search/$','search'), ) 

 

注意: urls.py与views.py文件是对应的,在views.py中定义函数,一定要添加到urls.py中去.

• website/views.py文件是定义各种函数,便于使用,代码如下:

#coding=utf-8

from django.http import HttpResponse
import datetime

from django.template import loader from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response def hello(request): return HttpResponse("Hello World") def my_homepage_view(request): return HttpResponse("你好") def current_datetime(request): now = datetime.datetime.now() html = "<html><body>It is now %s.</body></html>"%now return HttpResponse(html) def hour_ahead(request,offset): #定义函数，这个函数名在urls.py文件中必须存在 offset = int(offset) dt = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours = offset) html = "<html><body>In %s hour(s),it will be %s.</body></html>"%(offset,dt) return HttpResponse(html) def xiaomi(request): t = loader.get_template("xiaomi.html") html = t.render({}) return HttpResponse(html) d = {'name':'zhangsan','age':'15'} #可以引入字典 l = ['zhangsan','14'] #引入列表 #定义变量 class A: age = 11 a = A() #定义函数 def fun(): return "hello" def name(request): today = 1 #1代表判断正确，输出结果；0代表错误，不输出结果 #name_list = ['zhangsan','lisi','wangwu','zhanba'] name_list = [] t = loader.get_template("name.html") #html = t.render({'name':'zhangjianwei'}) #直接加入值 #html = t.render({'name':fun}) #引用函数 html = t.render({'name':fun,'today_is_weekend':today,'athlete_list':name_list}) return HttpResponse(html) def display_meta(request): values = request.META.items() values.sort() html= [] path = request.path for (k,v) in values: html.append((k,v)) return render_to_response('meta.html',{'meta_data':html,'request_path':path})

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/navysummer/p/8437720.html