1. repr() 函数将对象转化为供解释器读取的形式。
语法
以下是 repr() 方法的语法:
repr(object)
参数
- object -- 对象。
返回值
返回一个对象的 string 格式。
str和repr都是用来将数字,列表等类型转化为字符串的形式,但不同之处在于str更加类似于C语言中使用printf输出的内容,而repr输出的内容会直接将变量的类型连带着表现出来,从下图可以看出,对明显带有类型标志的变量而言,str和repr的转换具有明显的差别,如long型数字和字符串的‘’符号,而对于并没有非常大区别的记录数据如整型数字,二者并没有太大的差别。
2. eval(str)函数很强大,官方解释为:将字符串str当成有效的表达式来求值并返回计算结果。所以,结合math当成一个计算器很好用。
eval()函数常见作用有:
1、计算字符串中有效的表达式,并返回结果
>>> eval('pow(2,2)')
4
>>> eval('2 + 2') 4 >>> eval("n + 4") 85
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2、将字符串转成相应的对象(如list、tuple、dict和string之间的转换)
>>> a = "[[1,2], [3,4], [5,6], [7,8], [9,0]]"
>>> b = eval(a)
>>> b
[[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6], [7, 8], [9, 0]]
>>> a = "{1:'xx',2:'yy'}"
>>> c = eval(a)
>>> c
{1: 'xx', 2: 'yy'} >>> a = "(1,2,3,4)" >>> d = eval(a) >>> d (1, 2, 3, 4)
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3、将利用反引号转换的字符串再反转回对象
>>> list1 = [1,2,3,4,5] >>> `list1` '[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]' >>> type(`list1`) <type 'str'> >>> type(eval(`list1`)) <type 'list'> >>> a = eval(`list1`) >>> a [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
e.g. Your task is to define the following two methods for the Coordinate
class:
-
Add an
__eq__
method that returns True if coordinates refer to same point in the plane (i.e., have the same x and y coordinate). -
Define
__repr__
, a special method that returns a string that looks like a valid Python expression that could be used to recreate an object with the same value. In other words,eval(repr(c)) == c
given the definition of__eq__
from part 1.
class Coordinate(object): def __init__(self,x,y): self.x = x self.y = y def getX(self): # Getter method for a Coordinate object's x coordinate. # Getter methods are better practice than just accessing an attribute directly return self.x def getY(self): # Getter method for a Coordinate object's y coordinate return self.y def __str__(self): return '<' + str(self.getX()) + ',' + str(self.getY()) + '>' def __eq__(self, other): # First make sure `other` is of the same type assert type(other) == type(self) # Since `other` is the same type, test if coordinates are equal return self.getX() == other.getX() and self.getY() == other.getY() def __repr__(self): return 'Coordinate(' + str(self.getX()) + ',' + str(self.getY()) + ')'
Test: equal 1
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Output:
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> print(c1) <1,-8> > print(c2) <1,-8> > print(c1 == c2) True
Test: equal 2
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Output:
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> print(c1) <20,20> > print(c2) <20,20> > print(c1 == c2) True
Test: not equal 1
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Output:
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> print(c1) <-16,-4> > print(c2) <14,20> > print(c1 == c2) False
Test: not equal 2
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Output:
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> print(c1) <7,13> > print(c2) <-2,-1> > print(c1 == c2) False
Test: repr
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Output:
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> print(c1) <17,38> > print(repr(c1)) Coordinate(17,38)
Test: repr randomized
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Output:
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> print(c1) <-12,-20> > print(repr(c1)) Coordinate(-12,-20)