【转载】Personal Fedora 15 Installation Guide-CSDN博客

Mauriat Miranda (http://www.mjmwired.net/contact/)

Other Guides/Resources

Published: 23 May 2011 (updated: 25 May 2011)

Post To: del.icio.us, furl, digg, spurl, gmail this, Blog this

This guide a personal configuration of Fedora 15. This page is to provide some common installation tips that people may find useful. Keep in mind this works for me, so take care in doing proper backups to critical files whenever trying something. This guide is tested on a AMD64 Desktop running both i386 (32-bit) Fedora and x86_64 (64-bit) Fedora. (The specific system(s) also dual boot with Windows 7).

Installation Media

Fedora 15 is provided as either DVD-ROM's or CD-ROM for installation. The DVD-ROM disk is the recommended method of installation. Booting the DVD will start the installer which will allow Fedora to be installed on your computer or for you to upgrade an existing Fedora on your machine. The following steps were done with the single DVD installation.

There are also "LiveCD's" which can be booted and will run a basic Fedora in memory while also providing a simpler method of installation (not as complete at the DVD method). The default LiveCD ships with Gnome (ex: Fedora-15-x86_64-Live-Desktop.iso). There is a specific LiveCD that ships with KDE. Both provide an installer however they come with significantly less software than the DVD. Also they require more memory in order to be usable. The LiveCD is useful for demonstration.

Note: To upgrade an existing Fedora installation you cannot use a Live disk.

Physical Installation

It is highly recommended you read the Fedora Release Notes.

An additional recommendation is to read Common Problems before installing.

Obtain the Fedora 15 DVD image from a Fedora mirror (or use the torrent) and burn to DVD. (For more information on how to download Fedora CD's or DVD).

Boot from the DVD. If you choose to use a LiveCD please note that the following steps will differ.

NOTE: The Fedora Installer (anaconda) is very minimal and most configuration steps will need to be done post-installation.

The Fedora Anaconda installer is very simple and with some minor exceptions most of the default settings are correct. The settings which are most critical is your partitioning and boot loader options.

If you wish to configure Networking during the install, make sure to select Configure Network when you are prompted for your Hostname. For the Network Connections dialog, selectEdit for System pXpY ('X' and 'Y' are numbers) and make sure to select Connect automatically. Modify any other settings as needed.

For Partitioning (Basic Storage Devices)

If you have an empty hard drive or wish to delete the entire contents of your drive, then let the installer Use All Space.
If you wish to dual-boot or save some contents on your drive, then select either Shrink Current System or Use Free Space.
For my system(s) I select: Create Custom Layout.
In this case I recommend at least 3 partitions: an 8-12GB / main partition, a 10+GB /home partition and a 1-2GB <swap> partition. The main partition is where your applications will be installed. The /home partition will hold all your personal data (make this as large as you can). The <swap> should be at least as large as your physical RAM memory (1GB, 2GB, 4GB), however systems with large amounts of memory don't require as much swap space (read more).

For Boot Loader

If you have a blank harddrive or wish Fedora to be your Primary Operating System, then leave the default options here. This also works for dual booting with other systems (ex: Windows).
If you wish to preserve Windows as your primary operating system, then install Grub on the / partition, NOT the MBR. To do this, select Change Device on the Install boot loaderscreen and install to First sector of boot partition. Windows 7 (or Vista) users are recommended to use EasyBCD (a freeware download for Windows). If you are still using Windows XP (or 2000) use Bootpart to load Linux. An alternative to Bootpart is the NT OS Loader + Linux mini-HOWTO (also Grub Win2K Howto). I recommend these steps so you do not corrupt your Windows installation in a Dual-Boot environment. This method does take more work. If you do not choose this, the default option using the MBR will still work.

For Package Selection

If you have a high speed internet connection, then you do not need to install everything during installation. Fedora can easily add software later. The default settings for which packages will be installed is generally acceptable. Most users should be installing Fedora with the Graphical Desktop option.

NOTE: Due to the changes in the GNOME Desktop in Fedora 15, it is strongly recommended to install at least 1 other desktop environment.

The following (additional) packages are accessible from the Customize now option:

Under Desktop Environments select 1 (or more) of the following:
- KDE Software Compilation
- LXDE
- XFce

Install the selected packages and reboot.

For users who opted to install grub on the first sector of the / partition instead of the MBR, you will be required to follow one of the above guides on either setting up Windows 7/Vista or XP/2000 to boot Fedora.

For First Boot

Once Fedora is booted for the first time, please follow the instructions.

For Create User make sure you create an account for yourself. If this user account will also be administering the computer, make sure to select "Add to Administrators group".

Top Resources

Network Management

23 May 2011

Network Not Online

If you did NOT select Configure Network during CD/DVD installation, then the network will not be online by default. To fix this, make either of the following changes:

Option 1: EDIT: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-pXpY and change ONBOOT=no to ONBOOT=yes.

Option 2: In Gnome, [Right-Click] on the Networking icon in the top left of the toolbar.
Select Edit Connections....
Select System pXpY and click Edit...
Check Connect automatically and click Apply.
Enter 'root' password when prompted.

Note: Due to changes in Fedora 15, network device names are no longer named as eth devices. They will use pXpY where the X and Y are numbers which correspond to your specific system's pci slot number and port number. Hence network device names may be different among different hardware.

Top Resources

Setup sudo

23 May 2011

Fedora, like all other Linux distributions, has a root user and has individual users. The root is the "superuser", somewhat similar to "Administrator" in Windows.

Use the personal account you created at First Boot for daily use. For the account which administers the system you should have selected "Add to Administrators group". This allows this user to run as 'root' using the sudo command.

If you configured sudo at First Boot, you are done. If not you can manually configure sudo. As root run:

echo 'loginname ALL=(ALL) ALL' >> /etc/sudoers

Where 'loginname' is your user account.
Use 'ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL' if you don't want to be prompted a password.
If you are prompted for a password with 'sudo' it is the user password, not root.

Example:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ su
Password:    <--- Enter root password

[root@charon mirandam]# echo 'mirandam ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL' >> /etc/sudoers
[root@charon mirandam]# exit
exit

The following is an example of how sudo lets you execute root commands:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ du -sh /root
du: `/root': Permission denied  <--- Fails!!!

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo du -sh /root
163M    /root                   <--- Works!!!

NOTE: Every command provided on this page will work if you remove sudo from the command. However this requires you must be logged in as 'root' first. An alternative to using sudo is to use su to login as root, before executing a command.

Top Resources

Setup yum

25 May 2011

Fedora uses yum to install and update its software. When connected to the internet it will automatically determine application dependencies.

Fedora Repositories

Fedora typically has 2 repositories enabled by default: fedora (the same packages that come on any combination of the CD's or DVD's) and updates (updated packages, newer thanfedora repository).

YUM Plugins

While yum has many plugins available. Fedora 12 and newer enable yum-presto which should try to download only updated portions of packages instead of the full package during updates. Additionally many users use the fastestmirror plugin which (typically) speeds up downloads by attempting to find faster sources. To install:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install yum-plugin-fastestmirror

Third Party Repositories

For applications that are against Fedora policies (MP3, DVD, MPEG, Binary Drivers, etc), a third party repository should be used. The recommended repository for Fedora is:RPMFusion. For the purpose of this guide, (most) all needs are met by the RPMFusion repository, other requirements are stated.

To set up the RPMFusion repositories:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-stable.noarch.rpm

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-stable.noarch.rpm

NOTE: Until RPMFusion is properly updated for Fedora please use the --nogpgcheck option with yum to install packages from RPMFusion.

Top Resources

Install Music/MP3 Players

02 November 2010

Fedora ships without any form of MP3 playback. In order to add MP3 playback you must install from a 3rd party. The following requires the use of the RPMFusion repositories.

XMMS: simple, older GUI, minimalistic features (but still popular)

Installation through yum:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install xmms xmms-mp3 xmms-faad2 xmms-pulse xmms-skins

Audacious: A basic music player but much more modern than XMMS.

Installation through yum:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install audacious audacious-plugins-freeworld*
NOTE: There is a '*' at the end.

Rhythmbox/Gstreamer - A simple audio application similar to iTunes layout.

Most of Rhythmbox and the Gstreamer system should be installed when installing Gnome (mentioned above). The missing components are just the MP3 (and other media) plugins.

Installation through yum:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install rhythmbox gstreamer-plugins-ugly gstreamer-plugins-bad gstreamer-ffmpeg

Amarok - A modern feature rich media player application.

It is helpful to have KDE installed first as this will reduce the download.

Installation through yum:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install amarok xine-lib-extras-freeworld

Combined command: If you wish to install EVERYTHING above please run the following:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install xmms xmms-mp3 xmms-faad2 xmms-pulse xmms-skins \
audacious audacious-plugins-freeworld* \
rhythmbox gstreamer-plugins-ugly gstreamer-plugins-bad gstreamer-ffmpeg \
amarok xine-lib-extras-freeworld

Top Resources

Install Media Players

23 May 2011

Fedora ships with a limited set of media player for both audio and video. For audio please read the MP3 player notes. For video and other multimedia (DVD, etc.) we will also be making use of a 3rd party repository: RPMFusion. Make sure to have the RPMFusion repositories configured before executing the following. Note that many "dependancies" in libraries, plugins and codecs are shared between these applications and also the MP3 player applications.

The following is a list of the most popular media players. Each has its own strengths. Install whichever you prefer although at least MPlayer and VLC are recommended.

MPlayer - MPlayer comes in a command line only interface (mplayer) or skinable GUI and it also has a powerful encoding tool MEncoder (also great for ripping or compressing audio/video). Additionally there is a highly functional web plugin allowing for many popular formats in Firefox/Mozilla (WMV, QuickTime, etc.).

Installation through yum with RPMFusion enabled:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install mplayer mplayer-gui gecko-mediaplayer mencoder

Note that mencoder is optional but provides many encoding functions.
Binary Codecs: Please install the Binary Codecs for further support of formats that MPlayer does not directly support.
MPlayer should work automatically defaulted to PulseAudio.

Xine - Xine is similar to MPlayer in many ways however lacking the command line application and encoder. However has fully supported DVD playback with proper navigation.

Installation through yum with RPMFusion enabled:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install xine xine-lib-extras xine-lib-extras-freeworld

Binary Codecs: Please install the Binary Codecs for further support of formats that Xine does not directly support.
DVD Playback: To properly play DVDs please see DVD Playback.

Banshee - Banshee is an iTunes-like media player which support sync'ing to multiple different devices.

Installation through yum with RPMFusion enabled:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install banshee gstreamer-plugins-ugly gstreamer-plugins-bad gstreamer-ffmpeg

Binary Codecs - The MPlayer projects maintains a package full of binary codecs for which no directly open source option exists, some of these files include Windows DLL's. These are shared by both Xine and MPlayer. NOTE: There is significant variation depending on your architecture (i386, x86_64, ppc). This step is really only beneficial to 32bit i386 users, 64bit users may also install the i386.

Navigate to: http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/codecs/
Select the package (.tar.bz2) best matching your version of Fedora/Architecture. Generally 32-bit users will use: all-20110131.tar.bz2.

Install the codecs (32-bit for example):

[mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo mkdir -p /usr/lib/codecs
[mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo tar -jxvf all-20110131.tar.bz2 --strip-components 1 -C /usr/lib/codecs/

VLC - VLC is a simpler media player with an easy to use interface. It also supports DVD playback. While most needs should be met with Xine and MPlayer some prefer VLC.

Installation through yum with RPMFusion enabled:
```
[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install vlc
```
DVD Playback: To properly play DVDs please see DVD Playback.

DVD Playback - The libdvdcss is required for DVD playback. Due to non-technical reasons, the package does not exist in the RPMFusion repository. For only this package an alternate repository will be used.

Please use the ATrpms Repository:

[mirandam@charon Download]$ wget http://www.mjmwired.net/resources/files/atrpms.repo
[mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo cp ./atrpms.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/atrpms.repo
[mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo rpm --import http://packages.atrpms.net/RPM-GPG-KEY.atrpms

To install the package:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum --enablerepo=atrpms install libdvdcss

NOTE ATrpms may conflict with RPMFusion hence it is kept disabled. Previously the Livna Repository was used for this however Livna has been unreliable.

Top Resources

Install Microsoft Truetype Fonts

08 June 2009

The official source for the package is http://corefonts.sourceforge.net/, however I am using the following SPEC file.

You have to build the RPM using the chosen SPEC file. For convenience I have created the RPM (please do not link directly to this file):

msttcore-fonts-2.0-3.noarch.rpm

[mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo rpm -ivh msttcore-fonts-2.0-3.noarch.rpm

Note: Fedora encourages the use of the Liberation Fonts. These are installed by default (and included on the DVD).

Top Resources

Adobe Flash Plugin

02 November 2010

The Adobe Flash plugin is available from Adobe's website. Users should use Adobe's YUM repository (recommended).

NOTE: Due to the wide usage of the Flash plugin on the web it is important to keep this software up to date. It is highly recommended to use the yum method of installation even if you are using 64-bit Fedora.

Installation on Fedora 32-bit

Install the Adobe YUM repository:

[mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo rpm -ivh http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/adobe-release/adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
[mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-adobe-linux

Install the plugin:

[mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo yum install flash-plugin

Installation on Fedora 64-bit

Fedora 64-bit users have 2 options, either use the 32-bit plugin "wrapped" (which is recommended until Adobe officially release the native 64-bit plugin), OR install the prerelease 64-bit plugin manually.

Using the 32-bit Plugin

First install the Adobe YUM repository as stated above. Next install the missing dependencies and the plugin:

[mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo yum install nspluginwrapper.{i686,x86_64} alsa-plugins-pulseaudio.i686
[mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo yum install flash-plugin

Installing the 64-bit (alpha/beta/preview-release) Plugin

The following method is not recommended as Adobe may not update the plugin for security issues regularily.

From Adobe Labs, select Download plug-in for 64-bit Linux (TAR.GZ, 4.1 MB)

Install the plugin to the Mozilla plugins directory. For example:

[mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo tar -zxvf flashplayer_square_p2_64bit_linux_092710.tar.gz -C /usr/lib64/mozilla/plugins

Restart Firefox or any Mozilla browsers.

More information is available on the Fedora Wiki.

Top Resources

Java Runtime Environment

23 May 2011

The standard installation of Fedora should install OpenJDK (based off of Sun Java). However if not, it can be installed using YUM:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install java-1.6.0-openjdk java-1.6.0-openjdk-plugin

With OpenJDK installed, Java application and Web applets should automatically work. Unfortunately some applets may not run properly and the OpenJDK might have some limitations.Majority of user should find OpenJDK perfect for everyday use.

Using Sun (Oracle) Java Instead

If you require Sun (Oracle) Java or if OpenJDK does not work properly, you can download Sun (Oracle) Java and use it in Fedora.

Download the Java package from:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html.

Under Java Platform, Standard Edition, Select: Download JRE (the JDK is for Java developers)

On the next page, accept the license agreement, then:

For 32-bit users: select "Linux x86 - RPM Installer"
jre-6u25-linux-i586-rpm.bin

For 64-bit users: select "Linux x64 - RPM Installer"
jre-6u25-linux-x64-rpm.bin

To install:

[mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo sh jre-6u25-linux-i586-rpm.bin
-OR-
[mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo sh jre-6u25-linux-x64-rpm.bin

When running the java command, Fedora will default to using OpenJDK. In order to use Sun Java, use the alternatives command.

To setup the Java runtime, perform the following (applies to both 32-bit and 64-bit users):

[mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo /usr/sbin/alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/java/default/bin/java 20000

Setup the Mozilla/Firefox browser plugin.

For 32-bit users:

[mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo /usr/sbin/alternatives --install /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libjavaplugin.so \
libjavaplugin.so /usr/java/default/lib/i386/libnpjp2.so 20000

For 64-bit users:

[mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo /usr/sbin/alternatives --install /usr/lib64/mozilla/plugins/libjavaplugin.so \
libjavaplugin.so.x86_64 /usr/java/default/lib/amd64/libnpjp2.so 20000

You may need to restart Firefox to see the plugin take effect.

Note: If you wish to switch back to OpenJDK you can run the following commands one by one to switch between the OpenJDK and Sun Java:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo /usr/sbin/alternatives --config java

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo /usr/sbin/alternatives --config libjavaplugin.so
(or for 64-bit)
[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo /usr/sbin/alternatives --config libjavaplugin.so.x86_64

To Update: If you wish update the JRE package, simply download the newest RPM package and install it as above. You will NOT need to reset alternatives, as those settings should remain intact.

More Information: Install Documentation for Linux.

Top Resources

Install Adobe Acrobat

04 November 2010

To view PDF files, Fedora recommends using either evince or okular. The following is for users requiring Adobe Acrobat Reader:

For yum users:

Install the Adobe YUM repository, and install through yum:

[mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo rpm -ivh http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/adobe-release/adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
[mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-adobe-linux

[mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo yum install AdobeReader_enu

NOTE: The above uses the English version: enu. To see which languages are supported by Adobe's YUM repository, run the following command:

[mirandam@charon Download]$ yum list AdobeReader\*

Other languages are installed similar to english for example: AdobeReader_fra, if you are unsure which package is correct, run:
yum info AdobeReader_fra for more information. Otherwise install manually as described below. (Note: 64-bit users are recommended to use yum to resolve all the 32-bit i386dependancies.)

The version of Adobe Acrobat Reader currently is 9.X for English and the version and download size may vary depending on your language. Not all languages are supported under Linux or may not have updated versions.

Top Resources

Setup Samba - Filesharing with Windows

24 May 2011

If you have other Windows computers on your LAN and want to share files from Linux with them, you must setup Samba.

To setup Samba you must (1) install samba, (2) add you 'shares', (3) add users, (4) start Samba service and (5) manage security options (Firewall and SELinux).

1. Install Samba

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install samba samba-client cifs-utils

Note: The cifs-utils package is not required. However it is very small and provides some useful utilities.

2. Add Shares

You must edit /etc/samba/smb.conf as root: (use nano instead of gedit if you do not have a GUI)

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

Set your Windows Workgroup name in [global] section.

Added shares at the end of the file. Example:

[c_drive]
   path = /media/c_drive
   public = yes
   writable = no
[netshare]
   path = /data/
   public = yes
   writable = yes

If 'writable' the location must be writable in Linux first. Additionally permissions must match (for example: drwxrw-rw-).

If home data (all personal files under /home/username) is to be accessible, then set 'browseable = yes' under [homes] (~line 279). This configuration file is very descriptive, read through it to get more ideas or information.

3. Add Users

To access shares, you must be a valid user. Add valid users AND passwords using the smbpasswd command.

This login name WILL be the login name and password you use from Windows to access your Linux computer. The password does NOT need to match your Linux password.

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo smbpasswd -a username
New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:
account_policy_get: (warnings ignored)
Added user username.

(Note: 'username' MUST be a valid account on the Fedora machine)

4. Start Samba Service

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo systemctl start smb.service nmb.service

To make sure to run Samba each time Fedora boots:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo systemctl enable smb.service nmb.service

Restart Samba for every change to users/passwords or 'smb.conf'

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo systemctl restart smb.service

5. Managing Security for Samba

Firewall

The Firewall will by default block Samba, to allow access run:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ system-config-firewall

To allow Samba access to work through the firewall you must set 'Samba' as a 'Trusted Service'. Alternatively if you are only using the shell and do not have access to a graphical X-server, you can run:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo system-config-firewall-tui

To allow Samba access to work through the firewall, use <Tab> to go to Customize. In the Trusted Services: scroll down to Samba, hit <Space> and use <Tab> again to go to Close, then finally to OK.

SELinux

SELinux has significant control over restricting different parts of Samba. Run system-config-selinux. Please read lines #20 - #59 in /etc/samba/smb.conf for a better explanation. Alternatively, you can run:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ system-config-selinux

Go to Boolean and type 'samba' in the Filter (without quotes).

For any changes made above to the SELinux settings or smb.conf, it is recommended to restart Samba.

Top Resources

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/txwsqk/archive/2011/08/29/2158835.html